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Lebanese electoral system - Briefing Paper #1
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IFES-Lebanon is compiling a series of briefing papers providing background information on the Lebanese electoral system and some of the key issues relating to the electoral process. The first of such papers delineates the distribution of parliamentary seats by confession and provides a break down of the confessional districts in Lebanon with special emphasis on those in Beirut. It also includes an example on the electoral system in practice and an overview of the Lebanese ballot papers and the electoral lists.
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Engineering Electoral Systems: Possibilities and Pitfalls Handbook, The Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy (2007)
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This publication provides an introduction to the different electoral systems which exist around the world, some brief case studies of recent electoral systems reforms, and some practical tips to those political parties involved in development or reform of electoral systems.
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Syria, Election Watch Teim - Electoral Profile, 2007
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Electoral profile on Syria's legislative election on April 22-23, 2007, by Election Watch of TEIM.
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South Africa: Code of Conduct
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The South African electoral code of conduct
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Parliamentary Size (1997)
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Negotiations About a New Electoral System (1997)
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Article by Michael Coppedge published 1998 in ACE1
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National Conventions - Constitutional Assemblies (1998)
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Afghanistan: The Wrong Voting System
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The article "The Wrong Voting System" by Barnett R. Rubin published for the International Herald Tribune on March 16, 2005
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Iraq: The Right Plan for Iraqi Voters
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Andrew Reynolds explores the reasons why using proportional representation as an electoral system in Iraq is the right decision. This article was published by the Washington Post on July 6, 2004.
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Japan: Electoral Reform in Japan?
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The article "Electoral Reform in Japan?" by Thomas Lundberg
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Japan: Electoral Reform
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A case study on the Japan's electoral system written by Stephen Reed in 1997 for the "Admnistration and Cost of Elections" (ACE) Project - version 1.
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Iraq: Iraq's Electoral System: A Strategy for Inclusiveness
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This paper by Jeff Fischer (Senior Advisor for Elections at IFES) provides a thoroughful description of the electoral system adopeted for the 2005 National Assembly elections in Iraq and explains the reasons for the adoption of single national district in transitional or post-conflict elections.
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Iraq: Iraq's Electoral System: A Misguided Strategy
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A paper on Iraq's Electoral System by Michael Rubin for the Arab Reform Bulletin (September 2004). Middle East Forum.
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Iraq: An Electoral System for Iraq
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This paper written by David Chapman for the Democracy Design Forum (Suffolk, U.K. June 2004) examines the electoral system adopted for the 2005 National Assembly elections in a divided society like Iraq.
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Japan: Description of the Electoral System
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A description of Japan's electoral system, of elections and political funding
and of the electoral districts
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Switzerland: Overview of the Electoral System (1997)
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Author: Steiner, Jurg
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South Africa: Electoral System Design and Conflict Management in Africa
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The paper "Electoral System Design and Conflict Management in Africa" by Andrew Reynolds (1994)
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European Parliament: Elections to a Supranational Body
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Background and historical description of the elections to the European Parliament. Written by Andrew Ellis and Stina Larserud
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SADC Region: Survey of Electoral Systems and Reform Imperatives
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The "Survey of Electoral Systems and Reform Imperatives in the SADC Region" by Khabele Matlosa of EISA
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United States: The Electoral College
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The paper "Electoral College"by William C. Kimberling, Deputy Director of the FEC Office of Election Administration
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Cambodia: Cambodia’s Electoral System: A Window of Opportunity for Reform"
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The paper "Cambodia’s Electoral System: A Window of Opportunity for Reform" by Jeffrey Gallup (foreword by Kassie Neou) identifies and recommends possible areas for improvement in the Cambodian electoral system.
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Electoral Systems and the Management of Ethnic Conflict in Africa
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The paper "Electoral Systems and the Management of Ethnic Conflict in Africa" was written by Timothy Murithi from the Keele University
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Lesotho: Africa’s First MMP Electoral System
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Description of the difficulties met in an a FPTP electoral system and the establishment of an Interim Political Authority. Written by Jørgen Elklit
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Iraq: Women Quotas in Iraq
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A brief document from the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) examining the quota system adopted for the 2005 National Assembly elections in Iraq.
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Iraq: IDEA - Key Options in Iraq's Democratisation Process (Arabic)
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The present document consists of three different policy briefings on constitution-building processes, electoral system design and political parties in divided societies from International IDEA.
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Iraq: IDEA - Key Options in Iraq's Democratisation Process
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The present document consists of three different policy briefings on constitution-building processes, electoral system design and political parties in divided societies
from International IDEA.
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Designing for Equality: Best-fit, medium-fit and non-favourable combinations of electoral systems and gender quotas (2007)
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This 2007 International IDEA publication provides an overview of the fit of various electoral systems with different kinds of quotas. It assesses how increased women's representation can be achieved under different combinations of electoral systems and quotas, serving as a reference tool for all those who work to increase women's representation in politics.
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Electoral systems and the protection and participation of minorities (2006)
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This is a report from Minority Group International, written in 2006 by Andrew Reynolds. The report outlines the effect of electoral systems on minority representation and gives guidelines on how to design electoral systems in transitional and post-conflict situations that promote cooperation rather than ongoing tension between groups.
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Thailand: Combating Corruption through Electoral Reform
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This file features a Case Study written by Allen Hicken on the consequence of the Constitution of on Thailand adopted in 1997.
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South Africa: Electoral Systems, Conflict Management and Inclusion
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A historical description of the electoral system of South Africa, from the elections in 1994 until today. Written by Andrew Reynolds
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Electoral Systems Briefing Paper
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The "Electoral Systems Briefing Paper" is a handy and useful tool created by Alan Wall to understand different aspects of the various electoral systems and to consider advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Palestinian Territory: Political Realities Shape the System
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A description of the creation of the Palestinian electoral system, written by Andrew Ellis.
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New Zealand: Learning to Live with Proportional Representation
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The reasons behind the change of electoral system in New Zealand. written by Nigel S. Roberts
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Governance in Post-Conflict Situations: Electoral Systems and Processes (UNDP)
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Chapter III of this paper by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) examines electoral systems and processes in post-conflict situations.
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Electoral Choices for Divided Societies: Moderation through constituency pooling and vote pooling
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A paper by Matthijs Bogaards (Department of Politics, University of Southampton) prepared for Workshop on “Parties, Party Systems and Democratic Consolidation in the Third World” (2001).
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Electoral Systems and Conflict Management: Comparing STV and AV Systems
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The paper "Electoral Systems and Conflict Management: Comparing STV and AV Systems" by Benjamin Reilly, Research Fellow at the National Centre for Development Studies, Australian National University Canberra.
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Iraq: Considerations for Electoral System for Iraq's Transitional Period
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This paper edited by Sama Hadad for the Iraqi Prospect Organization (IPO) examines the electoral system adopted for Iraq’s transition period, providing a set of recommendations.
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Iraq: Electoral Fact Sheet
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This electoral fact sheet was prepared by the Electoral Assistance Division of the United Nations. It provides a wealth of useful information on the 2005 electoral process in this country.
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Iraq: Increasing Women’s Representation in Iraq - What strategies would work best?
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This paper by Pippa Norris (Harvard University, prepared for the National Endowment for Democracy) examines possible strategies for increasing women’s representation in Iraq (February 2004)
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Japan: Japanese Electoral Politics: Reform, Results, and Prospects for the Future
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The paper "Japanese Electoral Politics: Reform, Results, and Prospects for the Future" by Joe Michael Sasanuma
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Papua New Guinea: Poster on Limited Preferential Voting (LPV) System
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This poster produced by the Electoral Commission of Papua New Guinea clarifies to voters how to mark a ballot under the Limited Preferential Voting (LPV) System and how the votes will be counted.
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Malaysia:‘Managing’ Elections in a Plural Society
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The paper "Electoral Politics in Malaysia:‘Managing’ Elections in a Plural Society" by Lim Hong Hai examines the electoral system in Malaysia, offering an historycal overview of the electoral process in this country.
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Japan: Examining the Process of the 1994 Japanese Electoral Reform
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The paper "Examining the Process of the 1994 Japanese Electoral Reform" written by Jo K.Iwasaki (The London School of Economic and Political Science).
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Poster of the Electoral Systems of the World (2005)
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Poster of the Electoral Systems of the World produced by International IDEA (www.idea.int) for its handbook on Eletoral System Design
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Map of the Electoral Systems of the World (2005)
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Map of the Electoral Systems of the World produced by International IDEA (www.idea.int) for its handbook on Eletoral System Design.
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Philippines: Ballot Paper (1996)
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Sample of ballot paper for a Parallel System, used in the 1996 elections for the Autonomous region of Muslim Mindanao in the Philippines.
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Moldova: Ballot Paper for Presidential Elections (1996)
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Sample of Ballot Paper for Presidential Elections
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Ghana: Ballot Paper for Presidential Elections (1996)
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Sample of Ballot Paper for Presidential Elections
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Germany: Ballot Paper for Parliamentary Elections (1990)
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Sample of Ballot Paper for Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) System
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Ethiopia: Ballot Paper
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Sample for Ballot Paper in First Past the Post (FPTP) System
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Denmark: Ballot Paper
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Sample of Ballot Paper for List PR System
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Burkina Faso: Ballot Paper (1997)
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Sample for Ballot Paper for Legislative Elections in List PR System
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Brasil: Boleta Electoral (2002).
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Boleta electoral para la elección de presidente, gobernador y senadores.
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Brasil: Boleta electoral parlamentaria.
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Muestra de la boleta electoral para la elección de diputado federal y estatal.
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Bangladesh: Ballot Paper
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A Sample of Ballot Paper for the First Past The Post (FPTP) System
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Australia: Ballot Paper for Elections of Senates
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A Sample of Ballot Paper for AV Systems
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Australia: Ballot Paper for Elections of House of Representatives
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Sample for Ballot Paper for Alternative Vote System
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Antigua and Barbuda: Ballot Paper (1975)
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Albania: Ballot Paper (1997)
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Ballot Sample for MMP Systems
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Electoral Systems and their Goals:a Primer for Decision-Makers
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The paper "Electoral Systems and their Goals:a Primer for Decision-Makers" by Donald L. Horowitz, Professor of Law and Political Science, at the Duke University (January 2003)
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Government Structure and Electoral Systems (2003)
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With this paper, Benjamin Reilly sets out options for structuring a system of government and choosing an electoral system, focusing on the comparative experience of transitional democracies in choosing amongst available options, examining choices made by countries emerged from a period of protracted conflict.
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Canada: British Columbia Citizen's Assembly's final report recommending STV (English) (2004)
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This report presents the recommedations of the "Citizen's Assembly on Electoral Reform" of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is based on the government's experiment to let a group of randomly selected citizens - the "Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform" - independently review the electoral system and have its recommendations submitted to the public for approval at a referendum.
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Canada: British Columbia Citizen's Assembly's final report recommending STV (French) (2004)
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This report presents the recommedations of the "Citizen's Assembly on Electoral Reform" of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is based on the government's experiment to let a group of randomly selected citizens - the "Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform" - independently review the electoral system and have its recommendations submitted to the public for approval at a referendum.
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Canada: British Columbia Citizen's Assembly's final report recommending STV (Chinese) (2004)
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This report presents the recommedations of the "Citizen's Assembly on Electoral Reform" of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is based on the government's experiment to let a group of randomly selected citizens - the "Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform" - independently review the electoral system and have its recommendations submitted to the public for approval at a referendum.
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Canada: British Columbia Citizen's Assembly's final report recommending STV (Punjabi) (2004)
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This report presents the recommedations of the "Citizen's Assembly on Electoral Reform" of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is based on the government's experiment to let a group of randomly selected citizens - the "Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform" - independently review the electoral system and have its recommendations submitted to the public for approval at a referendum.
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Compulsory Voting (1997)
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China: Village Committee Elections: First Steps on a Long March?
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Case study on the role of Village Commitees in China, written by Dong Lisheng and Jørgen Elklit
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The Role of Electoral Systems in the Resolution of Ethnic Conflict
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This paper by David Chapman for the "Democracy Design Forum" explores the role of electoral systems in the resoution of ethnic conflicts.
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Canada: British Columbia - Empowered Citizen Participation
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This case study presents the unique experiment undertaken by the Canadian province of British Columbia, a process on electoral reform: the government gave a randomly selected group of citizens - the "Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform" - the opportunity and responsibility to independently review the electoral system and have its recommendations submitted to the public for approval at a referendum.
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Fact Sheet on the Citizen's Assembly's recommended STV model (2004)
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How Votes Become Seats (1998)
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Evolution of Electoral Systems, a brief introduction (1998)
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A brief introduction to the evolution of electoral systems.
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Papua New Guinea: Leaflet on Limited Preferential Voting System
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This leaflet produced by the Electoral Commission of Papua New Guinea, explains different aspects and the advantages and disadvantages of the Limited Preferential Voting (LPV) System
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Poland: Electoral system simulation (2006)
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This thesis was written by Monika Szalek and it projects the difference in representation of the different parties in the Polish legislature after a simulated change of electoral system from List PR to FPTP. (In Polish)
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Indonesia: Questions about the Electoral System (2003)
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The paper "Some Questions about the Electoral System for the 2004 Indonesian General Elections Answered" by Alan Wall (IFES) examines in depth perceived problems with Indonesia's electoral system.
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Kyrgyzstan: Electoral Manipulation in Central Asia
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The electoral system in an ex Soviet authoritarian system. Case study written by Eugene Huskey.
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Indonesia: Continuity, Deals and Consensus
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Description of the Electoral system of Indonesia. The case study describes the transition to democracy and the latest elections. Written by Andrew Ellis
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India: First Past the Post on a Grand Scale
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Case study of the world's largest democracy. Historical background and current situation described by Vijay Patidar
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Canada: The Case for Electoral Reform in British Columbia
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The Final Report on British Columbia Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform, which recommended the adoption of the single transferable vote system for this province.
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Bolivia: Estudio del sistema electoral (2005).
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Estudio del sistema electoral titulado "La Representación en la Asamblea Constituyente" realizado por Carlos Cordero Carraffa.
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Australia: The Founders of Our Electoral System
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The "Founders of Our Electoral System", from the Tasmanian Parliamentary Library, provides on overview of the origins of Australia's electoral system
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Electoral Systems, Constitutionalism and Conflict Management in Southern Africa
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The paper "Electoral Systems, Constitutionalism and Conflict Management in Southern Africa" by Dr. Khabele Matlosa (Senior Lecturer in the Department of Political and Administrative Studies at the National University of Lesotho) attempts to discover the possible linkages between elections, electoral systems, constitutionalism and
conflict management and show precisely how these phenomena then either enhance or undermine democratic governance.
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The effect of Electoral Rules on Distributive Voting: some evidence from the Russian State Duma (1994-2003)
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The Paper "The effect of Electoral Rules on Distributive Voting: some evidence from the Russian State Duma (1994-2003)" written by Jana Kunicová (California Institute of Technology) and by Thomas F. Remington (Emory University).
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