Individual citizens are the first line of defence. A well-informed voter who asks the right questions can expose, stop or deter an integrity problem. Even a voter who is not informed but who questions something that does not seem right or fair can be an effective integrity mechanism. A voter can challenge unfair or arbitrary actions by sending letters to the press, or by filing complaints with the election management or enforcement body.

On election day, voters usually spend anywhere from 20 to 45 minutes at the polling station, looking for their names, lining up, and marking and casting a ballot. In some cases voters may spend more time, depending on how large the crowds are at the polling place. During that time, voters can protect their own interests and those of their fellow citizens by keeping a protective eye on the electoral process and reporting irregularities.

A number of civil society groups and non-governmental organizations encourage voters to protect the integrity of the electoral process.