Core Costs

Attributes

• Covers the basic costs of electoral tasks
• Usually identifiable in the budget of the EMB or other authorities responsible for electoral tasks
• May be difficult to quantify and amalgamate if split between several agencies.

Examples

• Basic costs of voter registration, voter information, voting, counting, and transmission of results

Diffuse Costs

Attributes

• Costs of support services for electoral events provided by other agencies
• May not be possible to separate electoral related costs
• May be difficult to quantify as often contained within the general budgets of several agencies

Examples

• Security services provided by police
• Voter data provided by civil registration agencies
• Logistical support by governments, such as provision of transport or premises
• Statistical IT system services
• Salaries of teachers seconded as polling officials

Integrity Costs

Attributes

• Additional costs to ensure the integrity of fragile electoral processes
• Usually identifiable in the budget of the EMB or other authorities responsible for electoral tasks
• May be difficult to quantify if split between several agencies
• Particularly relevant in post-conflict or emerging democracies

Examples

• High integrity voting security measures such as indelible ink, tamper proof containers, external processing of voters registers, and printing of ballot papers
• Electoral related costs of international peace keeping missions
• Political equity costs such as funding of party campaigns, media monitoring.