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Беларусь

Определение границ территориальных образований для проведения выборов

BD001

Delimitation of constituencies

Question:	Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии	Art. 14: Elections of the President of the Republic of Belarus shall be held within the united constituency comprising the whole territory of the Republic of Belarus. Art. 15: 110 electoral circuits are created for the holding of elections of deputies of the House of Representatives on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 14 & 15: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

BD003

Criteria for drawing boundaries

Question:	On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
Answer(s):	a. "Equality" of population c. Compactness of constituencies
комментарии	110 electoral circuits are created for the holding of elections of deputies of the House of Representatives on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Electoral circuits are created with an approximately equal number of electors: deviation of the number of electors in the electoral circuit may not exceed 10 percent.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 15: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

BD005

Body responsible for drawing boundaries

Question:	The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is:
Answer(s):	e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
комментарии	Electoral circuits for the elections of deputies of the House of Representatives are created by the Central Commission upon submissions of the regional and the Minsk City Executive Committees.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 16: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

Избирательные системы

ES001

Head of State

Question:	How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s):	c. Directly elected in general elections (absolute majority with 2nd round if necessary)
комментарии	The President is the head of state, elected directly by the people of the Republic of Belarus. The elections shall be deemed to have taken place where over half the citizens of the Republic of Belarus on the electoral roll have taken part in the poll. The President shall be deemed elected where over half the citizens of the Republic of Belarus who took part in the poll voted for him. Where no candidate polls the requisite number of votes, within two weeks a second round of voting shall be conducted between the two candidates who obtained the largest number of votes. The presidential candidate who obtains more than half the votes of those who took part in the second poll shall be deemed to be elected.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 79, 81 & 82: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

ES002

Head of Government

Question:	How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer:	e. Appointed
комментарии	The Prime minister shall be appointed by the President of the Republic of Belarus with the consent of the House of Representatives. The decision to this order shall be taken by the House of Representatives within two weeks since the nomination of the candidacy of the Prime minister. If the House of Representatives rejects the submitted nomination of the Prime minister twice, the President shall appoint the acting Prime minister on his own, and dissolve the House of Representatives and call new elections.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 106: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

ES003

President

Question:	Does the country have a president?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии	The President of the Republic of Belarus shall be the Head of the State, the guarantor of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, the rights and freedoms of man and of the citizen.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 79–89: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

ES004

Number of Chambers

Question:	The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer:	b. Two chambers
комментарии	The Parliament consists of two chambers - the House of Representatives and the Council of the Republic.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 90: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

ES005

Electoral System (Chamber 1)

Question:	What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):	a. Plurality (FPTP)
комментарии	Elections of , deputies of House of Representatives are free and are held on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret voting. Elections of the deputies of the House of Representatives are held at single electoral circuits.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 87: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

Legislative Framework

LF001

Status of Electoral Law

Question:	What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
Answer(s):	a. Part of Constitution b. Separate legislation e. Other
комментарии	Electoral Code, art. 2: Legal basis of electoral system, of referendum is constituted by the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, this Code and other acts of legislation of the Republic of Belarus, resolutions of the Central Commission of the Republic of Belarus on Elections and Holding Republican Referendums.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 64–78: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ; Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 2: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

LF003

Electoral Law covers

Question:	The national electoral law covers:
Answer(s):	a. National elections b. Regional elections c. Local elections d. Referendums
комментарии	This Code regulates relations arising when preparing and holding elections of the President of the Republic of Belarus, elections and recall of deputies of the House of Representatives of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus, of members of the Council of the Republic of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter – Council of the Republic), of deputies of local Councils of Deputies of the Republic of Belarus, as well as while preparing and holding a referendum (popular vote) and establishes guarantees ensuring free will of the citizens of the Republic of Belarus.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 1: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

LF004

Compulsory/voluntary voting

Question:	Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
Answer(s):	a. Voting is voluntary
комментарии	Citizens of the Republic of Belarus shall have the right to vote freely and to be elected to state bodies on the basis of universal, equal, direct or indirect suffrage by secret ballot.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 38 & 65: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ; Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 5: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

LF007

Electoral Disputes Agency(ies)

Question:	What are the agency(ies) responsible for the first level of formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s):	a. Judiciary b. EMB
комментарии	Powers of the Central Commission: 26) consider appeals against decisions of election commissions and take decisions on them; 27) consider appeals of citizens and organizations on issues of holding of elections; 33) exercise other powers in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus. Decisions of the Central Commission may be appealed against in the Supreme Court of the Republic of Belarus in the cases provided for by the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 79: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

Управление выборами

EM002

Responsibility of national EMB

Question:	Does the national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
Answer(s):	a. National level b. Regional level c. Local level
комментарии	The Central Commission is a state body, organizing within the bounds of its powers preparation and holding of elections of the President of the Republic of Belarus, deputies of the House of Representatives, members of the Council of the Republic, deputies of local councils of deputies, holding of republican referenda.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 26: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

EM004

EMB budget determined by

Question:	The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
Answer(s):	c. The legislature
комментарии	Expenditures for preparation and holding of elections shall be covered by the State within the limits of the funds assigned for this purpose. In instances determined by the law, expenditures for preparation and holding of elections may be covered at the expense of funds of public associations, enterprises, institutions, organisations and citizens.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 70: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ; Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 48: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

EM005

EMB expenditures controlled by

Question:	The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
Answer(s):	c. The legislature
комментарии	Central Commission within its competence: - makes up and approves estimates of costs for the holding of elections, a republican referendum or recall of a deputy of the House of Representatives - informs the House of Representatives on spending funds allocated from budget for holding of elections, republican referendum, recall of a deputy of the House of Representatives; and publishes the report on the use of funds from the non-budgetary fund.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 48: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

EM006

Term of EMB members

Question:	The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
Answer:	b. For a specified number of years
комментарии	Term of powers of the Central Commission is 5 years and begins from the day of its formation in legally capable membership.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 71: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ; Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 32: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

EM012

Electoral Management model

Question:	What is the Electoral Management model?
Answer:	b. Independent
комментарии
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 71: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

EM013

Number of EMB members

Question:	The EMB is composed of:
Answer:	b. 11 - 20 members (specify)
комментарии	The Central Commission is formed with 12 persons from the citizens of the Republic of Belarus.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 32: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

EM014

Membership based on

Question:	The EMB members/commissioners are selected on the basis of their:
Answer:	c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
комментарии	The Central Commission is formed with 12 persons from the citizens of the Republic of Belarus, having, as a rule, higher juridical education and experience in organizing and holding elections and referenda.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 32: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

EM015

Question:	The EMB members/commissioners are selected by:
Answer(s):	a. Head of State e. Legislature
комментарии	Six members of the Central Commission are appointed by the President of the Republic of Belarus and six members are elected by the Council of the Republic. Candidates to the members of the Central Commission are recommended respectively to the President of the Republic of Belarus and to the Council of the Republic by joint decisions of the presidiums of regional, Minsk City Councils of Deputies and regional, Minsk City executive committees.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 32: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

Повышение правовой культуры избирателей

VE001

Information campaigns performed by

Question:	Who conducts information campaigns for national elections (informing where, when and how to register and/or vote)?
Answer(s):	a. National Electoral Management Body b. Regional Electoral Management Bodies c. Local/County Electoral Management Bodies d. National Government g. NGOs/ Civic Organizations h. Political parties/ candidates i. Media
комментарии
Source:	Central Election Commission of Belarus: http://www.rec.gov.by/ru
Verified:	2023/09/13

VE002

Frequency of voter education programs

Question:	At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
Answer:	b. Election time only
комментарии
Source:	Central Election Commission of Belarus: http://www.rec.gov.by/ru
Verified:	2023/09/13

VE003

National civic education

Question:	Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
Answer(s):	a. Нет
комментарии
Source:	Central Election Commission of Belarus: http://www.rec.gov.by/ru
Verified:	2023/09/13

Регистрация избирателей

VR001

Voting age

Question:	What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
Answer:	c. 18
комментарии	Elections of deputies and other persons elected to state offices by the people shall be general: citizens of the Republic of Belarus who have reached the age of 18 shall be eligible to vote.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 64: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ; Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 4: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

VR002

Other voting requirements

Question:	Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
Answer(s):	a. Citizenship
комментарии	Citizens shall have the right to vote freely and to be elected to state bodies on the basis of universal, equal, direct or indirect suffrage by secret ballot. Citizens who are deemed incapable by a court or kept in places of confinement in accordance with a court sentence, and persons in respect of whom detention is selected under the procedure established by the criminal procedural legislation shall not take part in elections.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 38 & 64: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ; Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 4: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

VR004

Authority responsible for voter registration

Question:	Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
Answer:	e. Other
комментарии	Lists of the citizens having the right to participate in elections of the President of the Republic of Belarus, deputies of the House of Representatives, deputies of local Councils of Deputies, referendum, in voting on the recall of a deputy of the House of Representatives, deputy of local Councils of Deputies shall be drawn up for every voting precinct and be signed by the chairperson and the secretary of the precinct commission. City, rural, settlement executive committees, and in the cities with district division – local administrations, district executive committees in the cities and urban-type settlements where the city and settlement executive committees are not created, ensure recording of participants and transfer to the precinct commissions of lists of the citizens of the Republic of Belarus registered on the territory of the respective voting precincts and having the right to participate in elections, referendum, voting on recall of a deputy signed by the chairperson of respective executive committees, and in the cities with district division – by the heads of local administrations. Lists of the citizens who are military personnel being in military units, as well as the members of their families and other voters, participants of referendum residing in the areas where military units are located shall be drawn on the basis of the data submitted by commanders of the military units. Servicemen residing outside military units are included into the lists of citizens having the right to participate in elections, referendum, voting on recall of a deputy, at the place of residence on common terms. Lists of the citizens having the right to participate in elections, referendum, voting on recall of a deputy by the polling stations created in sanatoriums, preventoriums, rest houses, hospitals and other healthcare organizations providing in-patient medical assistance are drawn on the basis of the data being submitted by heads of the mentioned institutions. Lists of the citizens having the right to participate in elections of the President of the Republic of Belarus, deputies of the House of Representatives, in republican referendum, by the voting precincts created outside the Republic of Belarus are drawn on the basis of the data submitted by the heads of diplomatic representations (consular institutions) of the Republic of Belarus acting on the territory of respective foreign states. Surnames of citizens in the list are indicated in the order convenient to hold voting.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 13: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

VR008

Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?

Question:	Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии	Lists of the citizens having the right to participate in elections shall be drawn up for every voting precinct and be signed by the chairperson and the secretary of the precinct commission.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 19: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

Партии и кандидаты

PC001

Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 1)

Question:	What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):	h. Not applicable
комментарии	Nomination of candidates for deputies of the House of Representatives from political parties is carried out by the supreme bodies of political parties. Nomination of candidates for deputies of the regional, Minsk City, district and city (in the cities of regional subordination) Councils of Deputies from political parties is carried out respectively by their regional, Minsk city, district and city governing bodies of regional, Minsk city, district, city organizational structures created in the established order prior to the calling of elections. Nomination of candidates for deputies of the city (in the cities of regional subordination), settlement or rural Councils of Deputies from the political parties is carried out respectively by governing bodies of district, city organizational structures created in the established order prior to the calling of elections. Candidates for deputies of the city (cities of district subordination), settlement and rural Councils of Deputies may be nominated by the primary organizations of political parties created in the established order on the territory of those local Councils of Deputies prior to the calling of elections. A political party is entitled to nominate for each electoral circuit for elections to the House of Representatives and the respective local Council of Deputies only one deputy from the members of that political party. The list of registered political parties is submitted by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Belarus to the Central Commission not later than five days after the calling of the elections.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 62: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

PC003

Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 1)

Question:	What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):	a. Age b. Citizenship d. Residence
комментарии	a) 21 years old b) Permanent residency
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 92: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ; Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 57: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

PC008

Independent candidates

Question:	Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
Answer(s):	e. In both presidential and legislative elections
комментарии	Candidates for the President of the Republic of Belarus are be nominated by citizens of the Republic of Belarus provided the signatures of not less than 100 thousand voters have been collected. Nomination of candidates for the President of the Republic of Belarus starts 80 days and ends 50 days prior to the elections. The right to nominate candidates for deputies belongs to political parties registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Belarus not later than six months before the appointment of election, labour groups as well as citizens by way of gathering signatures.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 60: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

PC012

Public funding of parties

Question:	Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
Answer(s):	a. Нет
комментарии	Parties do not compete in elections. They can only nominate candidates for the deputies. Those candidates nominated by the parties have media access. Political parties are not entitled to provide other material aid during the preparation and the holding of elections except for contributing monetary funds into the non-budgetary fund and electoral funds of candidates for the President of the Republic of Belarus, of deputies.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 46 & 48: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

PC015

Question:	What is the basis of the public funding?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
комментарии
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 46: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

PC017

Question:	Are political parties entitled to private funding?
Answer:	b. Нет
комментарии	Political parties, other public associations, organizations and citizens of the Republic of Belarus are not entitled to provide other material aid during the preparation and the holding of elections or referendum except for contributing monetary funds into the non-budgetary fund and electoral funds of candidates for the President of the Republic of Belarus, of deputies, specified by part one of this Article. Direct or indirect participation in financing and other material aid of foreign states and organizations, foreign citizens and stateless persons, international organizations, organizations the founders (participants, owners of property) of which are foreign states, foreign organizations, international organizations, foreign citizens and stateless persons during preparation and holding of elections, referendum, recall of a deputy, member of the Council of the Republic is prohibited. Use by a person nominated a candidate for the President of the Republic of Belarus, to deputies or by a candidate for the President of the Republic of Belarus of financial means or other material aid in violation of the requirements of part nine of this Article entails respectively the denial of registration of the candidate or revocation of the decision on his registration.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 48: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

Подсчёт голосов

VC004

Votes are sorted/counted at

Question:	Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
Answer:	a. The polling stations
комментарии	Opening of the ballot boxes and counting of votes when holding the elections carried out in the following order: first the ballots kept in the ballot box used during early voting shall be counted, then those kept in portable boxes used for voting at the place of location of voters or participants in the referendum and, after that, in ballot boxes kept on the day of elections or referendum in the room of the voting precinct. The results of counting of votes are announced by the chairperson of the commission. Counting of votes of the voters shall be performed directly by the members of the precinct commission without interruption till obtaining the results of the voting.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 55: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

VC011

When are ballots recounted?

Question:	Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
Answer(s):	c. Automatically (triggered) recounted under certain conditions d. By request
комментарии	In case of detection of mistakes and irregularities in the protocols of precinct, territorial or circuit electoral commissions as well as of other violations committed in the course of voting or during the count of votes, the regional, Minsk city territorial electoral commission, on its own initiative or the application of the candidate, is entitled to take a decision on a recount of votes by the respective territorial or circuit electoral commission.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 79, 83: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

СМИ и выборы

ME037

Criteria for allocating free broadcast time

Question:	What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
Answer(s):	a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
комментарии	The state mass media, mass media partially financed from the state budget or local budgets as well as mass media, one of the founders of which is state bodies or organizations, are obliged to provide equal opportunities for electoral statements of candidates, publishing and promulgation of issues, texts of draft laws put forward for referendum, holding the agitation on elections, referendum.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 46: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

ME059

Television debates

Question:	Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
Answer(s):	a. Yes, in presidential elections b. Yes, in legislative elections
комментарии	The Central Commission reserves a part of the limit time as to hold TV debates of the candidates for the President of the Republic of Belarus, deputies of the House of Representatives. The TV debates are held upon agreement of the candidates. The candidate is entitled to authorize an authorized person to participate in the TV debates. Failure to participate in the TV debates shall not result in increase of broadcasting time provided to the candidate for free.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 46: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/ ; Three presidential contenders agree to take part in TV debates. Euroradio. 17 sep 2015: https://euroradio.fm/en/three-presidential-contenders-agree-take-part-tv-debates
Verified:	2023/09/13

ME062

Blackout period for release of opinion poll results.

Question:	What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public?
Answer:	c. 4-5 days
комментарии	Within the last five days prior to the elections it is not allowed to publish the results of public polls related to the elections, referendum, forecasts of their results.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 46: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

ME080

Question:	Is there a maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
Answer:	c. No information available
комментарии
Source:
Verified:	2023/09/13

Прямая демократия

DD002

Direct Democracy Provisions (National Level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии	Citizens of the Republic of Belarus shall have the right to participate in settlement of state affairs, both directly and through freely elected representatives. Article 37. The direct participation of citizens in administration of affairs of the society and the State shall be safeguarded by holding referenda, discussion of draft laws and issues of republican and local significance, and by other means specified by law. Article 73. Republican and local referenda may be held to resolve the most important issues of the State and society. Article 74. Republican referenda shall be called by the President of the Republic of Belarus on his own initiative as well as on the proposal of the House of Representatives and the Council of the Republic passed at their separate sittings by a majority of votes of the composition (full composition) of each House established by the Constitution, or on the proposal of no less than 450 thousand citizens eligible to vote, including no less than 30 thousand citizens from each of the regions (oblasts) and the city of Minsk. The President shall, after the submission in accordance with the law for his consideration of the proposals on holding the referendum of the House of Representatives and the Council of the Republic or of the citizens, call a republican referendum. The date of referendum shall be set no later than three months from the day of issuing the edict of the President on holding the referendum. The decisions adopted by the republican referendum shall be signed by the President of the Republic of Belarus. Article 75. Local referenda shall be called by the corresponding local representative bodies on their initiative or on the proposal of no less than ten percent of the citizens eligible to vote and residing in the corresponding territory. Article 76. Referenda shall be held by means of universal, free, equal and secret ballot. Citizens of the Republic of Belarus eligible to vote take part in referenda. Article 77. The decisions adopted by a referendum may be abolished or changed only by means of another referendum, unless the referendum determines otherwise. Article 78. The procedure of holding republican and local referenda and a list of issues that may not be put to a referendum shall be determined by the law of the Republic of Belarus.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 37, 73–78: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

DD003

Mandatory referendums (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии	The decision adopted by the referendum is signed by the President of the Republic of Belarus and is subject to the immediate and obligatory official publication after its signing. The decision adopted by the referendum enters into force in 10 days after its official publication, unless other term is established therein. The date of adoption of the decision by the referendum is deemed to be the date of the referendum. Legal force of the decision adopted by a referendum is determined by the edict of the President of the Republic of Belarus on calling the referendum. The decisions adopted by the referendum may be cancelled or changed only by means of a referendum, unless otherwise determined by the referendum. If implementing the decision, adopted by the referendum, requires the issuance of a legal act, such act shall be adopted within five months from the date of entry into force of the decision adopted by the referendum.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 74: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ; Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 123 & 124: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

DD004

Optional referendums (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
комментарии
Source:
Verified:	2023/09/13

DD005

Citizens' Initiatives (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии	In case an initiative to hold the republican referendum is put forward by the citizens, they form a group for holding the referendum (hereinafter referred to as the «initiative group»), which includes not less than 100 citizens, enjoying voting right, from each region and the City of Minsk on the basis of approximately equal representation.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 74: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ; Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 114: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/ ; International IDEA – Direct Democracy database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/72/45
Verified:	2023/09/13

DD006

Agenda Initiatives (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/ ; International IDEA – Direct Democracy database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/72/45
Verified:	2023/09/13

DD007

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии	On the basis of a presentation made by the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Belarus on the violations committed in the course of the referendum, the Central Commission has the right to take a decision on either holding a repeated voting, within one month, in the voting precincts and other territories, where violations were committed, or on holding a repeated voting within one year over the entire territory of the Republic of Belarus.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 129–152: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/ ; International IDEA – Direct Democracy database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/72/45
Verified:	2023/09/13

DD129

Question:	Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?
Answer:	a. Always binding
комментарии	The decisions adopted by the republican referendum shall be signed by the President of the Republic of Belarus. The decision adopted by the referendum is signed by the President of the Republic of Belarus and is subject to the immediate and obligatory official publication after its signing. The decision adopted by the referendum enters into force in 10 days after its official publication, unless other term is established therein. The date of adoption of the decision by the referendum is deemed to be the date of the referendum. Legal force of the decision adopted by a referendum is determined by the edict of the President of the Republic of Belarus on calling the referendum. The decisions adopted by the referendum may be cancelled or changed only by means of a referendum, unless otherwise determined by the referendum. If implementing the decision, adopted by the referendum, requires the issuance of a legal act, such act shall be adopted within five months from the date of entry into force of the decision adopted by the referendum.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 74: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ; Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 123 & 124: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

DD130

Question:	Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues?
Answer:	c. Both constitutional and other issues
комментарии	The issues, which may be submitted to a republican referendum, include the most important issues of the state and public life of the Republic of Belarus. The issues, which may be submitted to a local referendum, include the most important issues for the population of respective administrative territorial units, which fall within the competence of the respective local Councils of Deputies, and executive and administrative bodies. The following issues may not be submitted to the republican referendum: any issues which may lead to violation of the territorial integrity of the Republic of Belarus; any issues concerning the elections and dismissal of the President of the Republic of Belarus and appointment (election or dismissal) of officials whose appointment (election or dismissal) is within the competence of the President of the Republic of Belarus and the Chambers of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus; any issues on adopting and amending the budget and introducing, changing and cancelling taxes (duties); and any issues on amnesty or pardon. The issues, which may not be submitted to the local referendum, include those specified in the part three of this Article, the issues of importance for the Republic of Belarus as a whole, and the issues, relating to approval and dismissal of officials, which are within the competence of a respective local executive and administrative body or the head of such body.
Source:	Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 112: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

DD131

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии	Local referenda shall be called by the corresponding local representative bodies on their initiative or on the proposal of no less than ten percent of the citizens eligible to vote and residing in the corresponding territory. The issues, which may be submitted to a local referendum, include the most important issues for the population of respective administrative territorial units, which fall within the competence of the respective local Councils of Deputies, and executive and administrative bodies.
Source:	Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 75: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ; Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 112: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
Verified:	2023/09/13

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