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Moldova, Republic of

Определение границ территориальных образований для проведения выборов

BD001

Delimitation of constituencies

Question:	Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
Answer:	b. No, existing regional/provincial/other boundaries are used
комментарии	Boundaries correspond to second-level administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Moldova and of the Autonomous Territorial Unit (ATU) Gagauzia, Chisinau and Balti municipalities.
Source:	Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova 2019, article 28:1. https://cec.md/storage/ckfinder/files/cec-electoral-code-2019.pdf
Verified:	2021/03/30

BD003

Criteria for drawing boundaries

Question:	On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
Answer(s):	g. Other
комментарии	Boundaries correspond to second-level administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Moldova and of the Autonomous Territorial Unit (ATU) Gagauzia, Chisinau and Balti municipalities.
Source:	Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova 2019, article 28:1. https://cec.md/storage/ckfinder/files/cec-electoral-code-2019.pdf
Verified:	2021/03/30

BD005

Body responsible for drawing boundaries

Question:	The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is:
Answer(s):	c. Executive d. Boundary Commission
комментарии	Parliamentary elections are organised on the basis of a national constituency, which covers the whole territory of the Republic of Moldova and the polling stations established abroad, as well as on the basis of 51 Single Member Constituencies, including the ones established for localities from the left bank of Nistru River (Transnistria) and abroad. The Single Member Constituencies shall be approved by the Government based on a decision issued by an independent commission, which composition shall be defined by a Government decision.
Source:	Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova 2019, article 80: 1-2. https://cec.md/storage/ckfinder/files/cec-electoral-code-2019.pdf
Verified:	2019/02/18

Избирательные системы

ES001

Head of State

Question:	How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s):	b. Directly elected in general elections (simple majority)
комментарии	The President of the Republic of Moldova is directly elected in general elections with simple majority.
Source:	The Constitution of The Republic of Moldova (1994, rev. 2016)
Verified:	2021/03/30

ES002

Head of Government

Question:	How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer:	c. Indirectly elected by legislature/chosen by parliament
комментарии	After a consultation with the parliamentary fractions the President of the Republic of Moldova designates a candidate for the office of Prime Minister.
Source:	The Constitution of The Republic of Moldova (1994, rev. 2016), article 98: 1
Verified:	2021/03/30

ES003

President

Question:	Does the country have a president?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии
Source:	The Constitution of The Republic of Moldova (1994, rev. 2016), article 77-84
Verified:	2021/03/30

ES004

Number of Chambers

Question:	The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer:	a. One chamber
комментарии	Parliament is the supreme representative body of the people and the sole legislative authority of the State in the Republic of Moldova.
Source:	The Constitution of the Republic of Moldova(1994, rev. 2016), article 60
Verified:	2021/03/30

ES005

Electoral System (Chamber 1)

Question:	What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):	d. Two-Round System
комментарии	Article 79. Parliamentary Elections (1) The Parliament shall be elected for a four-year term by a universal, equal, direct, secret and freely expressed suffrage. (2) Parliamentary elections shall be conducted based on a mixed voting system (proportional and majoritarian) in one national constituency and within Single Member Constituencies. (3) Thus, 50 members of Parliament shall be elected in the national constituency on the basis of proportional representation, and 51 members of Parliament shall be elected within Single Member Constituencies by majority vote, one member from each constituency
Source:	Electoral Code of the Republic of Moldova 2019, article 79
Verified:	2021/03/30

Legislative Framework

LF001

Status of Electoral Law

Question:	What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
Answer(s):	a. Part of Constitution b. Separate legislation
комментарии
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Moldova.
Verified:	2021/04/01

LF003

Electoral Law covers

Question:	The national electoral law covers:
Answer(s):	a. National elections c. Local elections d. Referendums
комментарии
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 https://cec.md/storage/ckfinder/files/cec-electoral-code-2019.pdf
Verified:	2021/04/01

LF004

Compulsory/voluntary voting

Question:	Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
Answer(s):	a. Voting is voluntary
комментарии	Participation in elections is based on the citizen's free will. No one may exercise pressure on a voter to force him/her to participate or not in the elections, nor on the expression of a voter's free will.
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 article 2:2.
Verified:	2021/04/01

LF007

Electoral Disputes Agency(ies)

Question:	What are the agency(ies) responsible for the first level of formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s):	a. Judiciary d. Other
комментарии	Courts and electoral bodies of higher level (the body that is superior to the body having arrived at the decision) decide formal electoral disputes.
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97, as amended in 2018, article 71.
Verified:	2021/04/01

Управление выборами

EM002

Responsibility of national EMB

Question:	Does the national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
Answer(s):	a. National level c. Local level
комментарии
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 article.22, 26.
Verified:	2021/03/30

EM004

EMB budget determined by

Question:	The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
Answer(s):	c. The legislature
комментарии	The Central Electoral Commission activity shall be funded from the state budget, within the limits of budgetary allocations approved by the annual budget law.
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97, article 24.
Verified:	2021/03/30

EM005

EMB expenditures controlled by

Question:	The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
Answer(s):	c. The legislature
комментарии	Expenditures incurred for preparing and holding elections shall be cover from the state budget, and expenditure on preparing and conducting elections is an integral part of the budget of the Central Electoral Commission. After elections, the Central Elections Commission shall submit to the Parliament, within the shortest term possible, a report on the administration of the allocated financial funds along with the assessment statement undertaken by the Court of Accounts.
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 article 38:1-3
Verified:	2021/03/30

EM006

Term of EMB members

Question:	The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
Answer:	b. For a specified number of years
комментарии	The mandate of the CEC is five years.
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 article 17:6.
Verified:	2021/03/30

EM012

Electoral Management model

Question:	What is the Electoral Management model?
Answer:	b. Independent
комментарии
Source:	Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
Verified:	2021/03/30

EM013

Number of EMB members

Question:	The EMB is composed of:
Answer:	a. 1 - 10 members (specify)
комментарии	The Central Election Commission consists of 9 members.
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 article 16:1
Verified:	2021/03/30

EM014

Membership based on

Question:	The EMB members/commissioners are selected on the basis of their:
Answer:	c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
комментарии	1 member is appointed by the President of Republic of Moldova, the rest 8 members are appointed by the Parliament, by observing the proportional representation of the majority and of the opposition. The nominal composition of the Commission is approved by the Decision of Parliament with the vote of the majority of elected MPs. In composition of the CEC shall be nominated the persons who have citizenship of the Republic of Moldova and place of residence in the country, exceptionally high reputation for personal integrity and professional competence to carry out electoral activities.
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 article 16:2, 19:1
Verified:	2021/03/30

EM015

Question:	The EMB members/commissioners are selected by:
Answer(s):	a. Head of State e. Legislature
комментарии	1 member is appointed by the President of Republic of Moldova, the rest 8 members are appointed by the Parliament, by observing the proportional representation of the majority and of the opposition. The nominal composition of the Commission is approved by the Decision of Parliament with the vote of the majority of elected MPs.
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 article 16:2
Verified:	2021/04/05

Повышение правовой культуры избирателей

VE001

Information campaigns performed by

Question:	Who conducts information campaigns for national elections (informing where, when and how to register and/or vote)?
Answer(s):	a. National Electoral Management Body c. Local/County Electoral Management Bodies g. NGOs/ Civic Organizations i. Media k. Other
комментарии	Article 22: The Central Election Commission shall: i) implement civic education programmes; g) cooperate during the organisation and holding of elections with: - Mass media and public associations in conducting civic and voter education activities and raising public awareness about electoral procedures; Article 29: District electoral councils shall have the following responsibilities: a) supervise the implementation of this Code and other laws affecting the elections administration; b) establish electoral bureaus and supervise the activity of precinct electoral bureaus; train their members, promote voting procedures and the importance of the vote; Article 33: Precinct electoral bureaus shall: d) notifies the public residing within the precinct about the election day and the location of the polling station, prepare the polling station premises for voting and install ballot boxes and voting booths; organize voting on the elections day, ensure public order in the premises of the polling station; Article 70: 11 Upon request, Upon the request of electoral bodies, Media outlets established by public authorities shall publish and the broadcasters shall air, free-of-charge, motivational, civic and electoral education spots; carry out voters’ awareness raising campaigns on voting procedures and other voting features.
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97, article 22:i, g, 28:a & b, 33:d, 70:11.
Verified:	2021/04/05

VE002

Frequency of voter education programs

Question:	At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
Answer:	b. Election time only
комментарии
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97, art. 22:g, 28:a & b, 33:d.
Verified:	2021/04/05

VE003

National civic education

Question:	Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
Answer(s):	b. Yes, conducted by the National Electoral Management Body
комментарии
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 as amended in 2010, art. 22:g. OSCE/ODIHR Needs assessment mission report 13 – 15 September 2010 on the Republic of Moldova early parliamentary elections 2010 http://www.osce.org/odihr/71435
Verified:	2021/04/05

Регистрация избирателей

VR001

Voting age

Question:	What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
Answer:	c. 18
комментарии	Citizens of the Republic of Moldova, who by the day of the elections have reached the age of 18, have the right to vote, except for those legally deprived of this right.
Source:	Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, article 38:2. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Moldova_2016?lang=en
Verified:	2021/04/05

VR002

Other voting requirements

Question:	Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
Answer(s):	a. Citizenship e. Other
комментарии	Citizens of the Republic of Moldova, who by the day of the elections have reached the age of 18, have the right to vote, except for those legally deprived of this right. Article 13: (1) The following individuals cannot vote: a) those who do not meet the requirements specified in Article 11; b) those declared incapacitated by a final decision of a court of law;
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97, art. 11, 13:1:a & b.
Verified:	2021/04/05

VR004

Authority responsible for voter registration

Question:	Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
Answer:	d. Election Management Body (specify)
комментарии	The voters’ lists are created by the Central Election Commission, on the basis of the State Registry of Voters, which is created using the State Registry of Population. The body holding the Registry of Population provide free of charge data and information necessary to draw up and to update the State Register of Voters, to the Commission, each year, not later than 31 January, as well as periodically, and in case elections – immediately as the date of election is announced.
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97, article 42(1):2.
Verified:	2021/04/05

VR008

Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?

Question:	Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии	The State Registry of Voters is a single integrated information system for keeping records on Moldovan voters. It is designed to collect, store, update and review the data on the Moldovan citizens who have attained the age of 18 years and have no statutory prohibitions to vote.
Source:	Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 as amended in 2010, article 42:1.
Verified:	2021/04/05

Партии и кандидаты

PC001

Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 1)

Question:	What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):	b. Deposit requirement (specify amount) c. Regional distribution requirement f. Other
комментарии	Documents required to be filed with the Ministry of Justice for the registration of a political party are: the application for registration; the status of the party; party program; the constitutive act (including list of members whose number can be no less than 4.000, as well as other territorial specifications); statement on the legal address of the party; and proof of bank account opening. In order to register a political party, a state fee of 200 lei is charged.
Source:	Law on Political Parties of the Republic of Moldova as of February 2008, article 8:1 a-f, 8:5.
Verified:	2019/02/18

PC003

Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 1)

Question:	What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):	a. Age b. Citizenship d. Residence
комментарии	Article 12. The Right to Be Elected Citizens of the Republic of Moldova eligible to vote and meeting the requirements set forth in this Code have the right to be elected Article 11. The Right to Elect Citizens of the Republic of Moldova, who by the day of the elections have reached the age of 18, have the right to vote, except for those legally deprived of this right. Article 82. Candidates for Parliamentary Elections (1) People eligible to vote who have attained the age of 18 years before or on Election Day, hold Moldovan citizenship, do not fall within Article 2(61) of the Law on the Status of Member of Parliament and meet the requirements provided herein, may stand as candidates for members of Parliament
Source:	Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova, article 12 and 82.
Verified:	2019/02/18

PC008

Independent candidates

Question:	Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
Answer(s):	e. In both presidential and legislative elections
комментарии	In both parliamentary and presidential elections, the following entities shall have the right to nominate candidates, provided they meet all requirements set forth by the present Code: c) Moldovan citizens who nominate themselves for elections (independent candidates).
Source:	Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova 46:2 (c)
Verified:	2019/02/18

PC012

Public funding of parties

Question:	Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
Answer(s):	b. Direct c. Indirect
комментарии	The state may grant the electoral competitors interest-free loans. Electoral competitors that received less than 3 per cent of valid votes cast in the election throughout the country or within the respective constituencies, including independent candidates who were not elected, shall pay back the state loans received within 2 months from the end of voting. The other electoral competitors shall pay back the state loans within four months.
Source:	Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova, article 40:1, 40:5
Verified:	2019/02/18

PC015

Question:	What is the basis of the public funding?
Answer(s):	c. Based on current legislative representation
комментарии	The loans received from the state budget shall be cleared, in full or in part, by the state depending on the overall number of votes received by the electoral competitor in the respective constituency. The amount to be cleared by the state shall be calculated by dividing the sum of the loan received by the number of voters who voted, and then multiplying it by the number of valid votes cast for the respective electoral competitor.
Source:	Electoral Code of the Republic of Moldova, article 40:3.
Verified:	2019/02/18

PC017

Question:	Are political parties entitled to private funding?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии	Only financial resources derived from labour, entrepreneurial, scientific or creative activities undertaken on the territory of the Republic of Moldova may be used for financing of the political parties and electoral campaigns. In Article 41:2 the requirements are stated for individual or legal persons financing directly or indirectly the initiative groups, as well as providing material support of any kind of electoral campaigns held by the competitors.
Source:	Electoral Code of the Republic of Moldova, article 41:1, 41:2.
Verified:	2019/02/18

Подсчёт голосов

VC004

Votes are sorted/counted at

Question:	Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
Answer:	a. The polling stations
комментарии	Article 61. Votes Counting and Tabulation by Precinct Electoral Bureau (1) After the time reserved for voting has expired, the chairperson of the Precinct Electoral Bureau shall announce the end of voting and order the closure of polling station premises. The precinct electoral bureau shall start counting the votes.
Source:	Electoral Code of the Republic of Moldova, article 61:1.
Verified:	2021/03/31

VC011

When are ballots recounted?

Question:	Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
Answer(s):	d. By request
комментарии	Article 65. Tabulating the Election Results by the Central Electoral Commission (3) In case of disagreement with the preliminary voting results, prior to the validation of results by the competent bodies, candidates may submit a request to these bodies to recount the votes. A recounting may be ordered by the body entitled to validate the election results based on grounds which could have affected the results of voting and the assignment of mandates, and shall last 7 calendar days at most following the adoption of the decision on recounting. The recounting is carried out by the same electoral bodies; the electoral bodies guilty of fraud shall be replaced. The Central Electoral Commission shall approve the general procedure of recounting, having issued a decision to this end.
Source:	Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova, article 65:3
Verified:	2021/03/31

СМИ и выборы

ME037

Criteria for allocating free broadcast time

Question:	What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
Answer(s):	a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
комментарии	Article 69. General Principles of Media Coverage of Elections (1) Broadcasters, within all their programmes, and printed Media founded by public authorities are required to observe the principles of fairness, accountability, balance and impartiality while covering the elections. (2) Broadcasters and printed Media are required to provide equal, non-discriminatory conditions while granting airtime or advertisement space for electoral advertising. (3) Public broadcasters shall allocate free airtime to electoral competitors in a fair and non-discriminatory manner, based on objective and transparent principles. (4) Media service providers shall not adopt privileged treatment towards electoral competitors due to their social status and/or the positions held by their candidates.
Source:	Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova 2019, article 69: 1-3 Audiovisual Code of the Republic of Moldova, art. 7:2.
Verified:	2019/02/18

ME059

Television debates

Question:	Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
Answer(s):	b. Yes, in legislative elections
комментарии	They are normally conducted also in local elections, referendums. Article 70 (3) During the electoral campaign for parliamentary elections within the national constituency, presidential elections and republican referenda, the national broadcasters shall be required, whereas the local/ regional ones shall be entitled to organise public debates. During the electoral campaign for parliamentary elections within Single Member Constituencies, general local elections and local referenda, the local/regional broadcasters shall be required, whereas the national ones shall be entitled to organise electoral debates. The broadcasters shall define the format, length and the frequency of electoral debates, being made known to the electoral bodies and to the candidates at least 3 calendar days before each live broadcast. (4) During the electoral campaign for parliamentary elections, presidential elections and republican referenda, the national broadcasters, which list is made public by the Audiovisual Coordinating Council, within the first 3 days of the electoral period, shall provide, free-of-charge, 5 minutes of TV airtime and 10 minutes of radio airtime to the candidates to present their electoral programmes and to inform the voters. The respective airtime is granted apart from the airspace allotted for electoral advertising and debates.
Source:	Electoral Code of the Republic of Moldova 2019, article 70: 3-4.
Verified:	2019/02/18

ME062

Blackout period for release of opinion poll results.

Question:	What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public?
Answer:	c. 4-5 days
комментарии	Article 70 (10) During the electoral period, any opinion polls on voters’ political preferences shall be conducted only if the Central Electoral Commission was notified about this in advance. The results of such polls shall be made public no later than 5 days before the Election Day. On Election Day, prior to the closure of all polling stations, the Media shall not make public materials, including interviews with voters, the number of votes received by candidates during the day, and their chances of winning, including the results of exit polls.
Source:	Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova 2019, article 70:10.
Verified:	2019/02/18

ME080

Question:	Is there a maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
Answer:	b. Нет
комментарии	However there might be other restrictions, such as allocation of the broadcast time equally among candidates.
Source:	Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova 2019, article 70
Verified:	2019/02/18

Прямая демократия

DD002

Direct Democracy Provisions (National Level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии	Referendums are always held on an ad hoc basis when a majority of the parliament calls for one. The parliament and local councils may organise advisory referenda on any issue.
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2021/03/30

DD003

Mandatory referendums (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level?
Answer:	b. Нет
комментарии
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2021/03/30

DD004

Optional referendums (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level?
Answer:	a. Да
комментарии	Referenda are always held on an ad hoc basis when a majority of the parliament calls for one. The parliament and local councils may organize advisory referendums on any issue.
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2021/03/30

DD005

Citizens' Initiatives (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level?
Answer:	b. Нет
комментарии
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2021/03/30

DD006

Agenda Initiatives (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level?
Answer:	b. Нет
комментарии
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2021/03/30

DD007

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level?
Answer:	b. Нет
комментарии
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2021/03/30

DD129

Question:	Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?
Answer:	d. No information available
комментарии
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2021/03/30

DD130

Question:	Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues?
Answer:	b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
комментарии	For instance, Norway has held a referendum on the issue of EU membership twice, first in 1972 and then again in 1994.
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm (2012); Official Website of Norway Mission to the EU: http://www.eu-norway.org/eu/norway_and_the_eu/ (2012)
Verified:	2021/03/30

DD131

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)?
Answer:	c. No information available
комментарии	b) There are no legal provisions in this regard. However, local referenda are held on an ad hoc basis. For instance, according to Statistics Norway, 13 local referenda were held in 2011.
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm (2012); Official Website of Statistics Norway: http://www.ssb.no/folkavs_kostra_en/ (2012)
Verified:	2021/03/30

Процессы голосования

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