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Direct Democracy

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Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level? Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level? Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level? Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level? Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level? Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level? Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding? Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues? Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)?

Binding referenda

Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?

Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?

total countries: 168

Answers	# Countries	% Countries	Country List
a. Always binding	82	48.8%	Antigua and Barbuda, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Bahrain, Burundi, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahamas, Botswana, Belarus, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), Switzerland, Cote d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica, Algeria, Estonia, Ethiopia, France, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Greece, Guatemala, Croatia, Ireland, Iraq, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Kiribati, Comoros, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Latvia, Morocco, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Mongolia, Mauritania, Mauritius, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Serbia, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Slovenia, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Syrian Arab Republic, Chad, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uganda, Uruguay, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia,
b. Sometimes binding	28	16.6%	Andorra, Argentina, Austria, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Benin, Chile, Colombia, Cyprus (North), Costa Rica, Denmark, Spain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Honduras, Hungary, Korea, Republic of, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nigeria, New Zealand, Portugal, Palau, Paraguay, Slovakia, Swaziland,
c. Never binding	9	5.3%	Canada, Finland, Iceland, Jersey, Maldives, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, South Africa,
d. No information available	34	20.2%	Angola, Aruba, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Cuba, Egypt, Western Sahara, Grenada, Gibraltar, Cayman Islands, Saint Lucia, Lesotho, Moldova, Republic of, Montenegro, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Niue, Pakistan, Singapore, Somalia, Suriname, Sao Tome and Principe, El Salvador, Turks and Caicos Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Virgin Islands, British, Virgin Islands, U.S., Viet Nam, Samoa, Zimbabwe,
e. Not applicable	15	8.9%	United Arab Emirates, Anguilla, Barbados, Belgium, Brunei Darussalam, Belize, China, Germany, Cambodia, Burma (Myanmar), Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America,