Chile
- Boundary Delimitation
- Direct Democracy
- Electoral Management
- Electoral Systems
- Legislative Framework
- Media and Elections
- Parties and Candidates
- Vote Counting
- Voter Education
- Voting Operations
- Voter Registration
Boundary Delimitation
BD01 Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
b. No, existing regional/provincial/other boundaries are used
Source: Electoral law, art. 178
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:34:54 GMT
BD02 The authority responsible for final approval of the constituency boundaries is:
e. Not applicable
Comments: Boundaries are not delimited for election purposes.
Source: Electoral Law, art. 178
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:35:37 GMT
BD03 On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
h. Not applicable
Comments: For Chamber 1 the boundaries are the districts' boundaries and for Chamber 2 the boundaries are the regions' boundaries.
Source: Electoral Law, art. 178
Last updated: Thu, 27 Jun 2002 11:23:36 GMT
BD04 If population is a criterion, which population figure is used?
g. Not applicable
Comments: Population is not a criterion
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:30:53 GMT
Direct Democracy
DD01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
a. Name and Title: Elizabeth Cabrera Burgos
b. Job Title: Subdirectora
c. Organisation: Servicio Electoral de Chile
d. Contact Address. Esmeralda N° 611, Santiago, Chile
e. Telephone: 56+2+6334327
f. Facsimile: 56+2+6336323
g. Email: ecabrera@servel.cl
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:07:41 UTC
DD02 Which forms of direct democracy, if any, are currently possible at the national level?
Please check the glossary for the definition of the following terms:
b. Optional referendum
Source: Artículos 5-32-117 y 119 de la Constitución Política de Chile.
Last updated: 2005-05-06 19:19:09 UTC
DD03 What is the legal basis for mandatory referendums at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:14:12 UTC
DD04 What is the legal basis for optional referendums at the national level?
a. Constitutional
Source: Art. 117 de la Constitución.
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:23:49 UTC
DD05 What is the legal basis for citizens' initiatives at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:16:23 UTC
DD06 What is the legal basis for agenda initiatives at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:16:54 UTC
DD07 What is the legal basis for recalls at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:17:15 UTC
DD08 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for mandatory referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:17:34 UTC
DD09 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for optional referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
a. Constitutional
Source: Art. 117 de la Constitución.
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:18:50 UTC
DD10 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for citizens' initiatives at the national level?
Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:19:13 UTC
DD100 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for an agenda initiative?
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:31:33 UTC
DD101 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for a recall?
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:31:51 UTC
DD102 What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a referendum?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:53:58 UTC
DD103 What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a citizens' initiative?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:32:26 UTC
DD104 What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a recall?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:32:42 UTC
DD106 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a referendum?
b. Other government department
Source: Art. 31 Ley N° 18.700
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:33:55 UTC
DD107 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in an initiative?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:34:14 UTC
DD108 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a recall?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:34:33 UTC
DD109 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a referendum?
b. Leaflets and pamphlets
c. Radio broadcasts
d. TV broadcasts
e. Press advertisements
Source: Art. 30 ley N° 18.700
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:35:15 UTC
DD11 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for agenda initiatives at the national level?
Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:20:15 UTC
DD110 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for an initiative?
i. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:35:33 UTC
DD111 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a recall?
i. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:35:50 UTC
DD112 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a referendum?
h. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:37:14 UTC
DD113 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in an initiative?
h. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:37:28 UTC
DD114 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a recall?
h. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:37:40 UTC
DD115 What is the period during which these controls apply for a referendum?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:38:03 UTC
DD116 What is the period during which these controls apply for an initiative?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:38:29 UTC
DD119 Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for an initiative? Specify in the “Comments” section below.
b. Selected campaign organisations
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:44:40 UTC
DD12 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for recalls at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:20:50 UTC
DD120 Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a recall? Specify in the “Comments” section below.
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:45:06 UTC
DD121 Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a referendum?
Specify in the “Comments” section below.
b. Free media access
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:45:33 UTC
DD122 Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for an initiative?
Specify in the “Comments” section below.
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:45:52 UTC
DD123 Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a recall?
Specify in the “Comments” section below.
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:46:12 UTC
DD124 If free media access is provided, what are the criteria for allocating broadcast time / printing space?
a. La distribución la hace el Consejo Nacional de Radio y Televisión
Source: Art. 31 bis Ley N° 18.700
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:47:30 UTC
DD125 Is the government permitted to campaign either in favour of or against any specific outcome to a referendum, initiatives or recall vote?
a. Yes
Source: Art. 31 Ley N° 18.700
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:48:35 UTC
DD127 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign for a recall?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 14:02:42 UTC
DD15 Who is responsible for managing the administration of direct democracy mechanisms at the national level?
b. Independent electoral commission
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:28:02 UTC
DD16 Does this agency/department also manage the administration of national elections?
a. Yes
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:28:39 UTC
DD17 Are mandatory referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:29:02 UTC
DD18 Are optional referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:30:10 UTC
DD19 Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:30:40 UTC
DD20 Are agenda initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:30:56 UTC
DD21 Are recalls currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:31:08 UTC
DD22 Are mandatory referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
c. No
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:31:30 UTC
DD23 Are optional referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
a. Yes, in all municipalities/districts/communes
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:32:07 UTC
DD24 Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:33:23 UTC
DD25 Are agenda initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:33:55 UTC
DD26 Are recalls currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:34:17 UTC
DD27 What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are mandatory at the national level?
k. None
Source: Art. 117 de la Constitución.
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:36:05 UTC
DD28 What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are optional at the national level?
a. Constitutional amendments
Source: Art. 117 de la Constitución.
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:38:04 UTC
DD29 Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level?
b. Adoption of international treaties
c. Transfer of authority to international bodies
d. National sovereignty, national self-determination
e. Conflict between constitutional organs
f. Devolution
g. Civil service
h. Taxes and public expenditure commitments
i. Other public policy issues
Source: Art. 117 de la Constitución.
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:39:59 UTC
DD30 Which issues, if any, maybe the subject of sub-national referendums regulated at the national level?
e. None
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:40:31 UTC
DD31 Who can initiate a referendum at the national level?
c. President
Source: Art. 117 de la Constitución.
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:41:29 UTC
DD32 Who is responsible for drafting the mandatory referendum question?
c. President
Source: Art. 119 de la Constitución.
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:43:15 UTC
DD33 Who is responsible for drafting the optional referendum question?
a. Government (specify department)
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:44:24 UTC
DD34 Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the mandatory referendum question?
d. The full text of the proposal
Source: Art. 119 de la Constitución.
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:49:57 UTC
DD35 Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the optional referendum question?
e. Other (specify)
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:51:39 UTC
DD37 Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for optional referendums?
c. President
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:53:36 UTC
DD38 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a mandatory referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
d. Not applicable x
Source: Ley N° 18.700
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:54:46 UTC
DD39 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a optional referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
c. No quorom required x
Source: Ley N° 18.700
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:56:15 UTC
DD40 What are the requirements for mandatory referendums to pass?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:29:26 UTC
DD41 What are the requirements for optional referendums to pass?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 14:59:09 UTC
DD42 In which areas, if any, do regulatory provisions differ between a referendum and a national election?
Tick all that apply and specify below in the comments section.
a. Citizenship
Source: Arts. 117 y 119 de la Constitución.
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:04:09 UTC
DD43 When is the outcome of a mandatory referendum binding?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:07:08 UTC
DD44 When is the outcome of an optional referendum binding?
a. Always
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:08:18 UTC
DD45 Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the citizens' initiative process at the national level?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:09:01 UTC
DD46 Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the agenda initiative process at the national level?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:09:40 UTC
DD49 Who may propose the registration of a citizens' initiative?
Please specify in the “Comments” section below.
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:11:49 UTC
DD50 Who may propose the registration of an agenda initiative?
Please specify in the “Comments” section below.
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:12:28 UTC
DD51 What material is necessary to accompany an application for registration?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:12:49 UTC
DD56 Under what circumstances is an initiative checked for constitutionality or legality?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:16:16 UTC
DD58 If a check of the constitutionality or legality of an initiative takes place, when does this happen?
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:17:14 UTC
DD59 Which institutions, if any, are given an opportunity to propose an alternative to proposals contained in a citizens’ initiative?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:17:40 UTC
DD60 At which stage in the initiative process, if at all, can alternative proposals be made?
d. Not at all
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:18:27 UTC
DD61 What happens when there is a valid alternative proposal?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:18:51 UTC
DD62 When an initiative proposal and an alternative proposal are put to the vote on the same day, what choices does the voter have?
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:19:14 UTC
DD64 Once an initiative is qualified for the ballot, the vote on it takes place:
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:20:23 UTC
DD65 Which of the following individuals/positions may be subject to the recall mechanism?
k. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-05-06 19:38:49 UTC
DD67 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to the time period in which an individual/position can be recalled?
a. No aplicable.
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:22:54 UTC
DD68 If a recall qualifies for the ballot, when is it put to the vote?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:23:35 UTC
DD69 When does the election to replace an individual who has been recalled take place?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:24:10 UTC
DD70 If a separate ballot to replace an individual who has been recalled takes place, how soon after the recall ballot is it held?
a. No aplicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:24:52 UTC
DD72 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable x
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:31:04 UTC
DD73 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable x
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:31:25 UTC
DD74 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a citizens' initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable x
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:31:52 UTC
DD75 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an agenda initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable x
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:32:19 UTC
DD76 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional) has been published?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:32:45 UTC
DD77 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for a rejective referendum (optional) has been published?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:33:03 UTC
DD78 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for a citizens' initiative has been published?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:33:15 UTC
DD79 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for an agenda initiative has been published?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:33:37 UTC
DD80 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:33:57 UTC
DD81 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a rejective referendum (optional)?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:34:22 UTC
DD82 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:34:40 UTC
DD83 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for an agenda initiative?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:35:09 UTC
DD84 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a recall?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable x
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:45:53 UTC
DD85 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for recall has been published?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:46:24 UTC
DD87 Where can proposals for an abrogative referendum (optional) be signed?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:46:48 UTC
DD88 Where can proposals for a rejective referendum (optional) be signed?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:26:55 UTC
DD89 Where can proposals for a citizens' initiative be signed?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:27:16 UTC
DD90 Where can proposals for an agenda initiative be signed?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:27:33 UTC
DD91 Where can proposals for a recall be signed?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:27:51 UTC
DD93 What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a rejective referendum (optional)?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:28:52 UTC
DD94 What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:29:19 UTC
DD95 What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for an agenda initiative?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:29:31 UTC
DD96 What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a recall?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-05 15:30:21 UTC
DD97 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-04-12 13:49:10 UTC
Electoral Management
EM01 Please provide the following contact information for the national electoral management body:
a. Name of Institution Servicio Electoral
b. Full Address Esmeralda 611, Santiago
c. Telephone +56 2 6396578
d. Facsimile +56 2 6397296
e. Email jigarcia(a)servel.cl
g. Name and Title of Chairperson/President Sr. Juan Ignacio García, Director
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, Director, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: 2004-12-10 15:28:04 UTC
EM02 Does this national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
a. National level
b. Regional level
c. Local level
Source: Electoral law, art. 18.700
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:14:04 UTC
EM03 The national electoral management body reports to:
a. The President
c. The legislature
Source: Law 18.556, art.91
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:15:21 GMT
EM04 The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
a. The President
c. The legislature
Source: Electoral Service Law, 18.556
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:15:56 GMT
EM05 The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
e. Another organ within the national government
Comments: The Contraloria General (only expenditure related to personnel).
Source: Electoral Service Law, 18.556
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:16:36 GMT
EM06 The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
c. For an unspecified period
Source: Electoral Service Law, 18.556
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:17:30 GMT
EM07 The national electoral management body chairperson, or equivalent, is chosen in the following way:
b. Legislative appointment
d. Presidential/ Prime Minister appointment
Source: Electoral Service Law No.18.556, art.91
Last updated: Fri, 05 Jul 2002 15:02:12 GMT
EM08 According to official sources, what was the estimated overall cost (in US dollars if available) of the most recent national elections?
a. estimated total: 3700917
b. Exchange rate used 614.20
Comments: 3 700 917 USD
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García (May 2002)
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:14:04 UTC
EM09 What was the total number of registered voters or, where there was no voter roll, the estimated number of eligible voters?
a. Total number: 8089363
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, Director, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:14:04 UTC
EM10 What was the spending (in USD) per registered voter (NOT actual voters) or, where there was no voter roll, the estimated number of eligible voters at the last general elections?
a. USD/registered voter 0.46
b. Exchange rate used 614.20
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, Director, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:20:59 GMT
EM11 What are the approximate proportions (%) of total election expenditure for the last national elections devoted to the following?
a. Voter registration and preparation of voter lists 30%
b. Election Management Body administration 10%
c. Staff/Equipment/Supplies 30%
g. Materials/systems for and operation of voting stations and ballot counts 30%
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, Director, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:21:33 GMT
Electoral Systems
ES01 How is the Head of State selected?
a. Head of State is the Head of Government
Source: Constitution, art. 26
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 13:15:42 GMT
ES02 How is the Head of Government selected?
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
Comments: Should there be more than two candidates in the presidential election, none ot them obtaining more than half of the votes validly cast, a new election shall be held between the two candidates with the highest relative majorities.
Source: Constitution, art. 26
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 13:16:20 GMT
ES03 Does the country have a president?
a. Yes
Source: Constitution, art. 24
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 13:16:49 GMT
ES04 The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
b. Two chambers
Source: Constitution, art. 43 and 45
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 13:17:26 GMT
ES05 What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
g. List Proportional Representation
Comments: Closed party-list majority system, with seats allocated binomially, as follows: if the majority party doubles the votes of the list with the second majority, it is entitled to the two seats of the constituency. If it does not double, it is entitled to one seat and the second seat goes to the second-placed party
Source: Constitution, art. 45
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 14:25:36 GMT
ES06 What is the electoral system for Chamber 2 of the national legislature?
g. List Proportional Representation
Comments: Closed party-list majority system, with seats allocated binomially (in 60 districts - art.178), as follows: if the majority party, doubles the votes of the second list, it is entitled to the two seats of the constituency. If it obtains less than that, it is entitled to one seat and the second seat goes to the second-placed party.
Source: Constitution, art. 43 Electoral Law, art. 178
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 14:26:06 GMT
ES07 If List PR is used, is a highest average formula used?
a. d'Hondt Formula
Source: Electoral Law, art. 18.700
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 14:26:43 GMT
ES08 What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 1?
b. Specially delimited constituencies
Source: Constitution, art. 45
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 13:36:54 GMT
ES09 What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 2?
b. Specially delimited constituencies
Source: Electoral Law, art. 178
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 13:37:37 GMT
ES10 Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 1 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
b. No
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, President, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Fri, 05 Jul 2002 15:00:48 GMT
ES11 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 1, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved for:
e. Not applicable Na
Comments: No special seats are researved for any interest groups.
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 14:29:20 GMT
ES12 Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 2 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
b. No
Comments: No special seats are reserved for any interest group.
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 14:29:47 GMT
ES13 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 2, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved:
e. Not applicable Na
Comments: No special seats are reserved for any interest group.
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 13:44:41 GMT
ES14 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 1?
b. Specify the percentage:
Comments: 5%
Source: Law of Political Parties, art. 18.603
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 14:30:27 GMT
ES15 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 2?
b. Specify the percentage:
Comments: 5%
Source: Law of political parties, art. 18.603
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 14:31:25 GMT
ES16 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 1?
a. No minimum
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 14:52:33 GMT
ES17 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 2?
a. No minimum
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García
Last updated: Mon, 20 Aug 2001 10:02:50 GMT
ES18 Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 1, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
a. At fixed intervals (specify length)
Comments: 8 years Each half of the Chamber gets reelected every 4 years.
Source: Constitution, Art. 45.
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 14:53:51 GMT
ES19 Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 2, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
a. At fixed intervals (specify length)
Comments: 4 years
Source: Constitution, Art. 43
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 14:54:44 GMT
Legislative Framework
LF01 What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
b. Separate legislation
Source: Electoral law, 18.700
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:29:43 UTC
LF02 What is the date of the latest version of the national electoral law (including latest amendments)?
a. January 2000 or later
Source: Elizabeth Cabrera Burgos, Subdirectora, Servicio Electoral de Chile
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:29:43 UTC
LF03 The national electoral law covers:
a. National elections
d. Referendums
Source: Electoral law, art. 18.700
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:01:04 GMT
LF04 Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
b. Voting is compulsory and regulated in the electoral law
c. Voting is compulsory and regulated in the constitution
Comments: Voting is compulsory and regulated in BOTH the constitution and in the electoral law. The non-voter has to provide a legitimate reason for his/her abstention, or otherwise he/she may face fine sanction or possible imprisonment.
Source: Constitution, art. 15; International IDEA Voter Turnout Website (http://www.idea.int/vt/)
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:29:43 UTC
LF05 Are there provisions in the law which permit or require regional and/ or local election (s) to be held on the same day as national elections?
a. National elections are not held on the same day as regional or local elections
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García
Last updated: Mon, 20 Aug 2001 10:08:29 GMT
LF06 Are there provisions in the law which permit or require presidential election (s) to be held on the same day as national legislative elections?
b. Presidential elections are held on the same day as national legislative elections
Comments: b. Presidential elections could be held on the same day as national legislative elections.
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García
Last updated: Mon, 17 Sep 2001 12:36:47 GMT
LF07 What are the agency(ies) responsible for first level of formal electoral disputes?
b. EMB
c. Specially Appointed/Elected Electoral Tribunal
Comments: If disputes happen before the elections then the EMB is responsible. However, if they happen after the elections the Elected Electoral Tribunal is responsible.
Source: Electoral Tribunal Law, 18.400
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:29:43 UTC
LF08 If the agency(ies) which settles formal disputes is/are specially appointed/elected; by whom?
a. President
d. Legislature
Comments: Both the President and the Legislature.
Source: Electoral Law, 18.556 art 91
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:29:43 UTC
LF09 Who has the right to submit cases to the person or agency(ies)which settles formal disputes?
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
Source: Electoral law, 18.700 art. 96
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:29:43 UTC
Media and Elections
ME01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
a. Name and Title: Elizabeth Cabrera Burgos
b. Job Title: Subdirectora
c. Organisation: Servicio Electoral
d. Contact Address: Esmeralda 611, Santiago, Chile
e. Telephone: 56+2+6334327
f. Facsimile: 56+2+6336323
g. Email: ecabrera@servel.cl
Last updated: 2005-04-06 16:08:44 UTC
ME11 What laws, if any, guarantee freedom of access to public information for representatives of the media?
Last updated: 2006-11-30 08:38:51 UTC
ME13 What are the laws, if any, which govern the operations of the public broadcaster?
Specify the date of the latest version (including latest amendments)
Last updated: 2006-11-30 08:38:51 UTC
ME18 What are the laws, if any, that provide for the safeguards for editorial autonomy in relation to the public broadcaster(s)?
Last updated: 2006-11-30 08:38:51 UTC
ME19 What are the laws, if any, which govern the granting of broadcasting licenses/frequencies to private broadcasters?
Last updated: 2006-11-30 08:38:51 UTC
ME22 What are the legal conditions, if any, under which the activities of a media outlet may be suspended?
Last updated: 2006-11-30 08:38:51 UTC
ME37 What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
c. Based on result of previous election
Source: Article 31 law 18.700
Last updated: 2006-11-23 08:44:04 UTC
ME38 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
b. The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising X
Comments: The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising
Source: Article 4 law 19.884
Last updated: 2006-11-30 08:38:51 UTC
ME55 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a presidential candidate is permitted to spend on paid advertising?
Last updated: 2006-11-30 08:38:51 UTC
ME56 What are the laws, if any, which govern the disclosure of campaign advertising expenditures by political parties and candidates?
Last updated: 2006-11-30 08:38:51 UTC
ME57 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a media outlet can charge parties/candidates for advertising during the campaign?
Last updated: 2006-11-30 08:38:51 UTC
ME58 How does this maximum amount (identified in question C.15.1) affect the political participation of smaller or newly formed parties?
Last updated: 2006-11-30 08:38:51 UTC
ME59 Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
c. No
Source: Elizabeth Cabrera Burgos, Subdirectora, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: 2006-12-11 17:13:45 UTC
ME60 What legal requirements, if any, regulate the participation of candidates or party representatives in media debates?
Last updated: 2006-11-30 08:38:51 UTC
Parties and Candidates
PC01 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Signature requirement (specify requirement)
Comments: 0.5 % of voters of last elections
Source: Law of Political Parties, art. 18.603
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:10:12 GMT
PC02 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?
a. Signature requirement (specify requirement)
Comments: 0.5 % of voters last elections
Source: Law of Political Parties, art. 18.603
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:11:05 GMT
PC03 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
d. Residence
f. Registration
h. Minimum level of education
i. Minimum level of literacy
Comments: Senado de la República: a)40 years old b)Chilean citizenship d)3 years' residence in the region concerned h)Completion of secondary education or the equivalent
Source: Law of elections - Art. 45
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC04 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
d. Residence
f. Registration
h. Minimum level of education
i. Minimum level of literacy
Comments: Cámara de Disputados: a)Age: 21 years old b)Chilean citizenship d)Residence in the electoral district for at least two years prior to the election date h)Completion of secondary education or the equivalent
Source: Law of Elections, Art. 44
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC05 What are the legal qualifications for becoming a candidate at presidential elections?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
f. Registration
Comments: 40 years old
Source: Constitution, art. 25
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC06 What can disqualify a candidate at legislative elections?
a. Current criminal incarceration
b. Detention
c. Criminal record
g. Holding of government office
k. Mental health problems
l. Multiple Citizenship
Comments: Office of Minister of State, certain public or State-related posts, government contractor
Source: Electoral Law, art. 17 (18.700)
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC07 What can disqualify a candidate at presidential elections?
a. Current criminal incarceration
c. Criminal record
d. Naturalization
k. Mental health problems
l. Multiple Citizenship
Source: Electoral Law, art. 17 (18.700)
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:16:29 GMT
PC08 Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
b. In presidential elections
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
Source: Constitutionm, Art. 18
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC09 If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 1), what are the registration requirements?
a. Signature requirement (specify)
Comments: Independent candidates require support of electorate equalling at least 0.5% of the votes cast in their constituency at the previous elections
Source: Law of Elections 18.700
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC10 If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 2), what are the registration requirements?
a. Signature requirement (specify)
Comments: a) independent candidates require support of electorate equalling at least 0.5% of the votes cast in their constituency at the previous elections
Source: Law of Elections, 18.700
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC11 If independent candidates can compete in presidential elections, what are the registration requirements?
a. Signature requirement (specify)
Comments: 0,5 of the votes in the last election.
Source: Law of Elections, 18.700
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:19:31 GMT
PC12 Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
c. Indirect
Source: Law of Parties, 18.603
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC13 If political parties receive direct/indirect public funding, when do they receive this?
c. As related to the election period and between elections
Source: Law of Political Parties 18.603 Law of Elections 18.700
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC14 If political parties receive indirect public funding, identify the type of funding:
a. Free media access
b. Tax credits
Source: Art. 31, Law 18.700 and Art. 36, Law 18.603.
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC15 What is the basis of the public funding?
b. Based on result of previous election
Source: Art. 14, Law 19.884.
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC16 If political parties receive public funding, what is the specified purpose?
a. General party administration
b. Election campaign activities
Comments: Free access to television is only available during the 30 days previous to the election day. Tax credits apply to the party's general administration.
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, President, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Fri, 05 Jul 2002 15:32:02 GMT
PC17 Are political parties entitled to private funding?
a. Yes
Source: Law of Political Parties 18.603
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC18 If political parties are entitled to private funding, for what period?
c. As related to the election period and between elections
Source: Law of Political Parties 18.603
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
PC19 Which of the following party financing provisions are applicable?
a. Public disclosure of party contributions received
b. Public disclosure of party expenditure
c. Prohibition on party funding from foreign sources
h. Publication or public access to contribution and / or expenditure reports
Source: Law of Political Parties 18.603, art. 19
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:24:31 GMT
PC20 Which of the following candidate financing provisions are applicable?
a. Public disclosure of candidate contributions received
b. Public disclosure of candidate expenditure
c. Prohibition on candidate funding from foreign sources
d. Ceilings on how much money a candidate can raise
e. Ceilings on candidate election expenses
h. Publication or public access to contribution and / or expenditure reports
Comments: There are no financing provisions for candidates.
Source: Law 19.884
Last updated: 2007-01-04 15:09:47 UTC
Vote Counting
VC01 What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties listed)
f. Same ballot papers used nationwide
i. Party symbols in black and white
l. No photos or logos, only party and/or candidate names
n. Random listing (lottery)
o. Ballots signed or otherwise authenticated by polling station official
Source: Electoral law, 18.700
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:58:41 UTC
VC02 What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties listed)
f. Same ballot papers used nationwide
i. Party symbols in black and white
l. No photos or logos, only party and/or candidate names
n. Random listing (lottery)
Source: Electoral law, 18.700
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:58:41 UTC
VC03 What are the characteristics of ballots used at presidential elections?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties/candidates listed)
f. Same ballot papers used nation-wide
n. Random listing (lottery)
o. Ballots signed or otherwise authenticated by polling station officials
Source: Electoral Law, 18.700
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:58:41 UTC
VC04 Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
a. At the polling stations
Source: Electoral law 18.700, art. 69
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:58:41 UTC
VC05 What procedures are used in the initial count?
a. Separate ballots for different elections
b. Preliminary count of all ballots in ballot box
c. Tally of voters who voted
d. Number of ballots in box reconciled against number of voters
e. Number of ballots reconciled against ballots initially received (minus spoilt and unused)
f. Each ballot paper held up for public scrutiny, with name of party/candidate called out loud
g. Single tallying as voters are being called out
h. Double tallying as voters are being called out
i. Tallying by party representative and/or observers as votes are being called out
j. Sorted into piles according to individual party/candidate
l. Counted by hand
m. Sorted by party list
o. Data fed into computer for calculation
p. Copies of results of the count are publicly posted at the counting site immediately on the completion of the count
q. Copies of results are provided to observers
r. Observers and party agents are permitted to take their own copies of the results
Source: Electoral Law 18.700, art. 69
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:58:41 UTC
VC06 Following the sorting and counting, to where are the results first transmitted for consolidation?
e. National level
Source: Electoral Law, 18.700
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:58:41 UTC
VC07 At what levels are seats allocated?
c. Regional level (specify whether it is constituency/ province/ state/ department/other)
Comments: Specially delimited constituencies
Source: Law of the Tribunal Calificador, 18.460
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:58:41 UTC
VC08 How are the initial/preliminary polling results transmitted and communicated to the different levels?
a. Physically transported
f. By computer
g. Internet
Comments: There are different stages. The preliminary is done by computer
Source: Ruling of the Ministry of Interior
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:34:58 GMT
VC09 If the polling results are physically transported, what is transported?
a. Ballots
b. Unused and spoiled ballots
c. Counterfoils of used ballots
f. Certificate of result
Comments: The Tribunal calificado receives this material.
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García
Last updated: Mon, 20 Aug 2001 09:39:15 GMT
VC10 If the polling results are physically transported, what security measures are used?
b. Tamper proof bags
d. Transported in boxes sealed with numbered seals
h. Accompanied by police or other security personnel
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, Director, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:36:47 GMT
VC11 Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
d. By request
e. Court order
Source: Electoral Law, 18.700 art. 96 and 104
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:58:41 UTC
VC12 If automatically recounted, what is the trigger?
e. Not applicable
Comments: Ballots are not automatically recounted.
Source: Electoral Law, 18.700 art. 96 and 104
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:58:41 UTC
VC13 If ballots are recounted by request, who can make the request?
a. Political parties
b. An individual candidate
Source: Electoral law, 18.700
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:58:41 UTC
VC14 If recounted, who conducts the recount?
h. Courts
Comments: Electoral Court
Source: Electoral Law, art. 104
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:43:02 GMT
VC15 Are preliminary results announced?
a. Yes
Comments: By the Interior Ministry
Source: Electoral Law 18.700, art. 175
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:44:26 GMT
VC16 If preliminary results are announced, how long after the close of polls is this done?
a. hours: 4
Comments: 3 to 4 hours. It varies but always within the day of elections.
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, Director, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:50:15 GMT
Voter Education
VE01 Who conducts voter education and information campaigns at the national elections (informing where, when and how to register and vote)?
a. National Electoral Management Body
b. Regional Electoral Management Bodies
Source: Electoral Law, art. 18.700
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:05:28 GMT
VE02 At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
a. Continuously
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, Director, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:06:19 GMT
VE03 Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
e. Yes, conducted by the Government
Comments: Through programmes directed by the Education Ministry
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, Director, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:06:58 GMT
VE04 What types of voter education activities were carried out at the most recent national elections?
a. Poster/ Billboard campaigns
b. Media advertisement
g. Internet
h. Other
Comments: h. information on the phone
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, Director, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:07:39 GMT
Voting Operations
VO01 Approximately what percentage (on the basis of cost) of election day supplies and equipment are obtained or produced within the country?
a. 91-100%
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, Director, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:31:38 GMT
VO02 Is there a code of conduct for election officials?
a. Yes
Source: The Elections Law 18.700 indicates duties and obligations. Mr. Juan Ignacio García
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:55:40 UTC
VO03 Where can electors vote?
a. At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections
Source: Law of Elections 18.700
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:55:40 UTC
VO04 Who can vote from outside the country?
a. Outside the country voting is not permitted
Comments: Currently there is a new law being processed to allow voting from abroad.
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, President, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Fri, 05 Jul 2002 15:03:11 GMT
VO05 If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
g. Not applicable
Comments: Voting outside the country is not permitted.
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:34:16 GMT
VO06 Can people vote in advance of the designated national election day(s)?
a. No
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, President, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Fri, 05 Jul 2002 15:04:15 GMT
VO07 If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), how may they do so?
f. Not applicable
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García, President, Servicio Electoral
Last updated: Fri, 05 Jul 2002 15:05:17 GMT
VO08 If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), specify who:
g. Not applicable
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García
Last updated: Mon, 20 Aug 2001 09:08:43 GMT
VO09 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
a. Yes
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García
Last updated: Mon, 20 Aug 2001 09:10:03 GMT
VO10 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
a. Yes, the maximum capacity is: 350 voters
Source: Law 18.700
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:55:40 UTC
VO11 How do electors cast their votes?
a. By manually marking the ballot
Source: Elections Law 18.700
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:55:40 UTC
VO12 How many staff are assigned to each polling station?
Comments: Five (5) people are assigned for every voting station
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García
Last updated: Mon, 20 Aug 2001 09:12:53 GMT
VO13 Approximately how many hours of training were provided to the presiding polling officer for the most recent national elections?
Comments: Written instructions in the form of leaflets are given by the EMB (Servicio Electoral)
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García
Last updated: Mon, 20 Aug 2001 09:14:59 GMT
VO14 Approximately how many hours of training were provided to the other polling officials for the most recent national elections?
Comments: Written instructions in the form of leaflets are given by the EMB (Servicio Electoral)
Source: Mr. Juan Ignacio García
Last updated: Mon, 20 Aug 2001 09:15:56 GMT
Voter Registration
VR01 What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
c. 18
Comments: 18 years
Source: Constitution, Art.13
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:35:00 UTC
VR02 Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
Comments: Foreigners with five years or residence may also vote.
Source: Constitution, art.13 and 14
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:56:35 GMT
VR03 What restrictions on registering to vote and voting exist in the country?
a. Criminal Incarceration
b. Previous Conviction
d. Mental disability
f. Multiple Citizenship
Source: Constitution, art 13-16
Last updated: 2007-01-04 08:35:00 UTC
VR04 Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
d. Election Management Body (specify)
Source: Electoral Service Law, 18.556
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:58:20 GMT
VR05 What is the registration method for national elections?
a. National citizens register
Source: Electoral Law, 18.556
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 15:58:58 GMT
VR06 How frequently is the voters register updated?
a. Continuously
Source: Electoral Law of Registration, 18.556
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:01:21 GMT
VR07 What methods are used to compile and update the voters register?
c. Links for applications for government services
e. Appearance by voter at registration office
Source: Electoral Law of Registration, 18.556
Last updated: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 16:02:04 GMT
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