Micronesia, Federated States of
- Boundary Delimitation
- Direct Democracy
- Electoral Management
- Electoral Systems
- Legislative Framework
- Media and Elections
- Parties and Candidates
- Vote Counting
- Voter Education
- Voting Operations
- Voter Registration
Boundary Delimitation
BD01 Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
a. Yes
Source: Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article 9 Section 8, 10, and 11.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 04:57:50 UTC
BD02 The authority responsible for final approval of the constituency boundaries is:
a. The legislature (national/subnational)
Comments: The State governments determine the boundaries
Source: Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article 9 Sections 10 and 11.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 04:58:15 UTC
BD03 On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
a. "Equality" of population
g. Other
Comments: A state is entitled to at least one member of Congress on the basis of population in addition to the member elected at large. Other: A state may provide that one of its seats is set aside for a traditional leader who shall be chosen as provided by statute for a 2-year term, in lieu of one representative elected on the basis of population.
Source: Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article 9 Sections 10 and 11.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 04:58:59 UTC
BD04 If population is a criterion, which population figure is used?
a. Total population
Source: Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article 9 Section 10
Last updated: 2005-02-17 04:59:20 UTC
BD05 The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is:
a. Legislature (specify chamber)
Comments: The state legislatures decided the boundaries.
Source: Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article 9 Section 10
Last updated: 2005-02-17 04:59:56 UTC
BD06 What statistical or other reasons trigger the redrawing of electoral constituency boundaries?
k. Boundaries redrawn every____period of years
Comments: Boundaries redrawn every 10 years.
Source: Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article 9 Section 10
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:00:20 UTC
Direct Democracy
DD01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
a. Name and Title: Johnathan John
b. Job Title: Director
c. Organisation: FSM Elections
d. Contact Address. PO Box 1685 Kol. Pni FM 96941
e. Telephone: (691) 320 4283
f. Facsimile: (691) 320 7534
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD02 Which forms of direct democracy, if any, are currently possible at the national level?
Please check the glossary for the definition of the following terms:
a. Mandatory referendum
b. Optional referendum
c. Citizens' initiative
d. Agenda initiative
e. Recall
Source: Title 9 FSM code
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:26:04 UTC
DD03 What is the legal basis for mandatory referendums at the national level?
b. Specific laws/legislation
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD04 What is the legal basis for optional referendums at the national level?
a. Constitutional
c. Regulations
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD06 What is the legal basis for agenda initiatives at the national level?
a. Constitutional
b. Specific laws/legislation
c. Regulations
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD07 What is the legal basis for recalls at the national level?
c. Regulations
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD08 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for mandatory referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
a. Constitutional
b. Specific laws/legislation
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD100 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for an agenda initiative?
f. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD103 What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a citizens' initiative?
d. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD106 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a referendum?
a. Agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD109 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a referendum?
a. Information booklets
b. Leaflets and pamphlets
c. Radio broadcasts
d. TV broadcasts
e. Press advertisements
f. Website
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD11 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for agenda initiatives at the national level?
Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
a. Constitutional
b. Specific laws/legislation
c. Regulations
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD112 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a referendum?
b. Expenditure limits
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD113 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in an initiative?
h. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD115 What is the period during which these controls apply for a referendum?
b. Other (specify)
Comments: In the months leading up to the election
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD116 What is the period during which these controls apply for an initiative?
c. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD118 Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a referendum? Specify in the “Comments” section below.
c. All campaign organisations
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:26:04 UTC
DD122 Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for an initiative?
Specify in the “Comments” section below.
g. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD124 If free media access is provided, what are the criteria for allocating broadcast time / printing space?
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD125 Is the government permitted to campaign either in favour of or against any specific outcome to a referendum, initiatives or recall vote?
b. No
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:26:04 UTC
DD126 What restrictions or controls, if any, are there on media coverage of the campaign and/or issue during the relevant period?
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD13 When were direct democracy mechanisms first introduced into the legal framework at the national level?
Date (yyyy)
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD14 When was an administrative framework for direct democracy mechanisms first introduced at the national level? Date (yyyy)
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD15 Who is responsible for managing the administration of direct democracy mechanisms at the national level?
a. Government (specify department)
c. President
d. Legislature
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD16 Does this agency/department also manage the administration of national elections?
a. Yes
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD17 Are mandatory referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD22 Are mandatory referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
a. Yes, in all municipalities/districts/communes
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD27 What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are mandatory at the national level?
a. Constitutional amendments
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD29 Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level?
b. Adoption of international treaties
c. Transfer of authority to international bodies
d. National sovereignty, national self-determination
e. Conflict between constitutional organs
f. Devolution
g. Civil service
h. Taxes and public expenditure commitments
i. Other public policy issues
Comments: Only constitutional change can be the subject of referendums
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD31 Who can initiate a referendum at the national level?
c. President
d. Legislative majority
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD32 Who is responsible for drafting the mandatory referendum question?
d. Legislature
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD34 Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the mandatory referendum question?
a. The title of the proposal
b. The numbers of the articles or paragraphs of the legal instruments to which changes are proposed
d. The full text of the proposal
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD36 Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for mandatory referendums?
b. Independent electoral commission
Comments: b) Governmental electoral commission
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD38 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a mandatory referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
b. Approval quorum X
Comments: Approval quorum
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:11:10 UTC
DD39 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a optional referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD40 What are the requirements for mandatory referendums to pass?
d. Other (specify below)
Comments: d) 3/4 of all votes
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD43 When is the outcome of a mandatory referendum binding?
a. Always
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD44 When is the outcome of an optional referendum binding?
b. Under certain circumstances (specify below)
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD45 Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the citizens' initiative process at the national level?
d. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD46 Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the agenda initiative process at the national level?
d. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD47 Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of a citizens' initiative at the national level?
l. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD48 Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of an agenda initiative at the national level?
l. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD49 Who may propose the registration of a citizens' initiative?
Please specify in the “Comments” section below.
d. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD50 Who may propose the registration of an agenda initiative?
Please specify in the “Comments” section below.
d. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD51 What material is necessary to accompany an application for registration?
a. Proposed title
b. General explanation of purpose
c. Full proposed text
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD52 Who determines the title of a citizens' initiative?
c. Both the proponents and the responsible agency following negotiation
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD53 Who determines the title of an agenda initiative?
f. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD54 Which, if any, of the following disqualify a proposed title of an initiative?
h. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD55 Which services are provided by the agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms before an initiative can be published?
a. Spelling/grammatical checks
b. Drafting actual text for legal measure
c. Translating the title and/or text into other languages
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD56 Under what circumstances is an initiative checked for constitutionality or legality?
a. An automatic check is part of the initiative process
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD57 If a check of the constitutionality or legality of an initiative takes place, who is responsible for undertaking it?
b. Independent electoral commission
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD58 If a check of the constitutionality or legality of an initiative takes place, when does this happen?
b. After its publication, during the collection of signatures
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD59 Which institutions, if any, are given an opportunity to propose an alternative to proposals contained in a citizens’ initiative?
c. President
d. Legislature
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD60 At which stage in the initiative process, if at all, can alternative proposals be made?
e. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD61 What happens when there is a valid alternative proposal?
e. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD62 When an initiative proposal and an alternative proposal are put to the vote on the same day, what choices does the voter have?
f. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD63 Who decides the final ballot text?
b. Agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD64 Once an initiative is qualified for the ballot, the vote on it takes place:
c. Other (specify)
Comments: The president decides
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD66 What are the grounds upon which a recall may be launched?
c. Conviction
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD67 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to the time period in which an individual/position can be recalled?
a. Upon conviction
Comments: Upon conviction
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD68 If a recall qualifies for the ballot, when is it put to the vote?
c. Other (specify)
Comments: The president decides
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD70 If a separate ballot to replace an individual who has been recalled takes place, how soon after the recall ballot is it held?
Comments: 50 days after notification received from the speaker of congress
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD71 Can an individual who is the subject of a recall stand on the ballot for his/her own replacement?
b. No
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 18:24:42 UTC
DD72 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD73 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD74 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a citizens' initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable X
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD75 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an agenda initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable X
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD78 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for a citizens' initiative has been published?
c. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD79 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for an agenda initiative has been published?
c. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD82 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
e. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD83 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for an agenda initiative?
e. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD84 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a recall?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD89 Where can proposals for a citizens' initiative be signed?
g. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD90 Where can proposals for an agenda initiative be signed?
g. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
DD94 What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
e. Not applicable
Source: Johnathan John, Director, FSM Elections
Last updated: 2007-01-08 13:26:33 UTC
Electoral Management
EM01 Please provide the following contact information for the national electoral management body:
a. Name of Institution Office of the National Election Commissioner
b. Full Address PO Box PS 355, Palikir Pohnpei 96941, Federated States of Micronesia
c. Telephone (+691) 320 4283
d. Facsimile (+691) 320 7534
e. Email ned@mail.fm
g. Name and Title of Chairperson/President Mr Johnathan John (National Election Director
i. Official language of the electoral law governing national elections English
Source: Johnathan John, National Election Director, Federated States of Micronesia Elections
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:55:27 UTC
EM02 Does this national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
a. National level
Comments: There is National Election Director who has overall supervision of a National Election Commission in each of the 4 States. There is also a State Election Commission for each of the 4 states.
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National Elections, Chapter 3, Section 301(2) and also PIANZEA Secretary.
Last updated: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 05:17:56 GMT
EM03 The national electoral management body reports to:
a. The President
Source: Johnathan John, National Election Director, Federated States of Micronesia Elections
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:55:27 UTC
EM04 The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
c. The legislature
Source: Johnathan John, National Election Director, Federated States of Micronesia Elections
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:55:27 UTC
EM05 The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
g. Other
Comments: Once the budget is approved by Congress and the President it is at the discretion of the EMB.
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 04:53:48 UTC
EM06 The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
d. Other
Comments: National Election Director serves his/her term until resignation. National Election Commissioners (one/State) serve a 4 year term. Unless of course they are removed from office by the President.
Source: FSMC, Title 9 National Elections, Chapter 3 Sections (1) and (2)
Last updated: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 06:37:24 GMT
EM08 According to official sources, what was the estimated overall cost (in US dollars if available) of the most recent national elections?
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:55:27 UTC
EM09 What was the total number of registered voters or, where there was no voter roll, the estimated number of eligible voters?
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:55:27 UTC
Electoral Systems
ES01 How is the Head of State selected?
a. Head of State is the Head of Government
d. Indirectly elected by legislature
Comments: President of the Federated States of Micronesia is the Head of State and also the Head of Government
Source: Constitution Article 10, Section 1
Last updated: Fri, 31 Oct 2003 04:28:51 GMT
ES02 How is the Head of Government selected?
c. Indirectly elected by legislature/chosen by parliament
Comments: Head of Government is also Head of State (ie President of the Federated States of Micronesia
Source: Constitution Article 10, Section 1
Last updated: Fri, 31 Oct 2003 04:27:48 GMT
ES03 Does the country have a president?
a. Yes
Source: Constitution Article 10, Section 1
Last updated: Fri, 31 Oct 2003 04:29:46 GMT
ES04 The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
a. One chamber
Comments: The national legislature is called Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, also known as Congress.
Source: Constitution Article 9, Section 1
Last updated: Fri, 31 Oct 2003 04:33:26 GMT
ES05 What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
a. Plurality (FPTP)
Comments: A plurality system in single member constituencies is used in parliamentary elections. Article 9, Section 11 of the Constitution also provides for States to set aside one of its seats for a traditional leader, in lieu of one representative elected on the basis of population. The number of congressional districts would then be reduced and reapportioned accordingly.
Source: Somoza in Elections in Asia and the Pacific, p,637. Constitution Article 9 Sections 8 and 11
Last updated: 2005-01-13 11:47:00 UTC
ES06 What is the electoral system for Chamber 2 of the national legislature?
k. The national legislature consists of one chamber only
Comments: not applicable. there is only one chamber.
Last updated: Fri, 31 Oct 2003 05:40:19 GMT
ES07 If List PR is used, is a highest average formula used?
h. Not applicable
Last updated: Fri, 31 Oct 2003 06:00:05 GMT
ES08 What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 1?
b. Specially delimited constituencies
Source: Constitution Article 9, Section 8
Last updated: Fri, 31 Oct 2003 06:02:26 GMT
ES09 What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 2?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: Mon, 03 Nov 2003 00:28:51 GMT
ES10 Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 1 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
a. Yes
Comments: "A State may provide that one of its seats is set aside for a traditional leader who shall be chosen as provided by statute for a 2 year term, in lieu of one representative elected on the basis of population. The number of congressional districts shall be reduced and reapportioned accordingly."
Source: Constitution Article 9, S.11
Last updated: Mon, 03 Nov 2003 00:38:45 GMT
ES11 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 1, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved for:
e. Not applicable X
Comments: The option for a traditional leader is provided for. The wording reads: "A State may provide that one of its seats is set aside for a traditional leader who shall be chosen as provided by statute for a 2 year term, in lieu of one representative elected on the basis of population. The number of congressional districts shall be reduced and reapportioned accordingly."
Source: Constitution Article 9 S.11
Last updated: Mon, 03 Nov 2003 00:42:34 GMT
ES12 Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 2 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
c. The national legislature consists of one chamber only
Last updated: Mon, 03 Nov 2003 00:43:30 GMT
ES13 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 2, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved:
e. Not applicable X
Last updated: Mon, 03 Nov 2003 00:44:27 GMT
ES14 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 1?
a. No minimum
Comments: simple majority
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop April 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 04:50:31 UTC
ES15 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 2?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: Mon, 03 Nov 2003 03:26:08 GMT
ES16 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 1?
a. No minimum
Comments: simple majority
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop April 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 04:51:16 UTC
ES17 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 2?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: Mon, 03 Nov 2003 03:30:02 GMT
ES18 Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 1, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
a. At fixed intervals (specify length)
Comments: The Congress consists of 1 member from each State (Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae and Yap) who serve a 4 year term and 10 Senators representing 10 single member constituencies of aproximately equal population size who serve 2 year terms. Therefore, elections are held biennially in each odd numbered year.
Source: Consitution Article 9, S.8 and FSMC, Title 9. National Elections, S.104
Last updated: Sun, 09 Nov 2003 23:03:28 GMT
ES19 Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 2, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
e. Not applicable
Last updated: Sun, 09 Nov 2003 22:54:00 GMT
Legislative Framework
LF01 What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
b. Separate legislation
Source: Johnathan John, Director, Federated States of Micronesia Elections
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:48:48 UTC
LF02 What is the date of the latest version of the national electoral law (including latest amendments)?
b. January 1990- December 1999
Source: www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/ode/1997.intro.htm
Last updated: Mon, 10 Nov 2003 00:27:37 GMT
LF03 The national electoral law covers:
a. National elections
Source: Johnathan John, Director, Federated States of Micronesia Electionsion
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:48:48 UTC
LF04 Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
a. Voting is voluntary
Comments: a) The law does not specify that the voting is voluntary, but voluntary voting is practiced in FSM.
Source: Constitution Article 6, S.1; FSMC Title 9, S.102; Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop April 2002
Last updated: 2006-11-21 19:54:54 UTC
LF07 What are the agency(ies) responsible for first level of formal electoral disputes?
b. EMB
Comments: Filed first with the National Election Director
Source: FSMC Title 9. National Elections, Chapter 9, Section 901(1)
Last updated: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 01:05:01 GMT
LF08 If the agency(ies) which settles formal disputes is/are specially appointed/elected; by whom?
a. President
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National Elections, Chapter 3, Section 301(1)
Last updated: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 01:08:25 GMT
LF09 Who has the right to submit cases to the person or agency(ies)which settles formal disputes?
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
e. Other
Comments: Election code states "Any person may file an oral or written complaint of any election irregularity with a member of the board of election present at the polling place." Petitions are to be filed with the National Election Director.
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National Elections, Chapter 8, Section 807
Last updated: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 01:18:09 GMT
LF10 What body(ies) is the final appellate authority for formal electoral disputes?
c. Superior Court
Comments: Supreme Court
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National Elections, Chapter 9, Section 903(1)
Last updated: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 01:22:01 GMT
LF11 Which body(ies) proposes electoral reforms?
a. Election Management Body
e. Legislature
Comments: Proposals need to be ratified by the President. This seems to be a convention as there seems to be nothing in the law which legislates this.
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop April 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 04:52:19 UTC
Media and Elections
ME01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
a. Name and Title: Johnathan John
b. Job Title: National Election Director
c. Organisation: Federated States of Micronesia Elections
d. Contact Address: PO Box 1685 Kol. Pni FM
e. Telephone: (691) 320 4283
f. Facsimile: (691) 320 7534
g. Email: ned@mail.fm
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME11 What laws, if any, guarantee freedom of access to public information for representatives of the media?
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME13 What are the laws, if any, which govern the operations of the public broadcaster?
Specify the date of the latest version (including latest amendments)
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME18 What are the laws, if any, that provide for the safeguards for editorial autonomy in relation to the public broadcaster(s)?
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME19 What are the laws, if any, which govern the granting of broadcasting licenses/frequencies to private broadcasters?
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME22 What are the legal conditions, if any, under which the activities of a media outlet may be suspended?
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME37 What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
Source: Johnathan John, National Election Director, Federated States of Micronesia Elections
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME38 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
b. The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising X
Comments: The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising
Source: Johnathan John, National Election Director, Federated States of Micronesia Elections
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME55 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a presidential candidate is permitted to spend on paid advertising?
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME56 What are the laws, if any, which govern the disclosure of campaign advertising expenditures by political parties and candidates?
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME57 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a media outlet can charge parties/candidates for advertising during the campaign?
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME58 How does this maximum amount (identified in question C.15.1) affect the political participation of smaller or newly formed parties?
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME59 Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
b. Yes, in legislative elections
Source: Johnathan John, National Election Director, Federated States of Micronesia Elections
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
ME60 What legal requirements, if any, regulate the participation of candidates or party representatives in media debates?
Last updated: 2006-12-18 16:58:59 UTC
Parties and Candidates
PC01 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
g. Not applicable
Comments: There are no parties in the FSM
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:30:11 UTC
PC02 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:30:33 UTC
PC03 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
d. Residence
f. Registration
Comments: A candidate for Congress will be 30 years of age at the time of the election, have been a citizen of the FSM for 15 years, have resided in the state they are to be elected to for 5 years.
Source: Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article 9 Section 9. FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 2 Section 201.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:31:13 UTC
PC04 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
k. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:31:28 UTC
PC05 What are the legal qualifications for becoming a candidate at presidential elections?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
d. Residence
f. Registration
j. Other
Comments: The president must be a member of congress for a 4 year term, be a citizen of the Federated States of Micronesia by birth, and a resident of the Federated States of Micronesia for at least 15 years.
Source: Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article 10 Section 4.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:32:11 UTC
PC06 What can disqualify a candidate at legislative elections?
a. Current criminal incarceration
b. Detention
k. Mental health problems
Comments: A and B refer only to Felony level crimes.
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 2 Section 201.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:33:07 UTC
PC07 What can disqualify a candidate at presidential elections?
a. Current criminal incarceration
b. Detention
k. Mental health problems
Comments: A and B refer only to Felony level crimes
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 2 Section 201.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:33:38 UTC
PC08 Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:35:36 UTC
PC09 If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 1), what are the registration requirements?
a. Signature requirement (specify)
b. Deposit requirement (specify)
Comments: There are no political parties in FSM. A. 25 qualified voters of the State or single-member congressional district wherein they seeks election, as the case may be. B. The Deposit ranges from $25 for a petition candidate to $100 for a write in candidate.
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 2 Section 202.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:37:05 UTC
PC10 If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 2), what are the registration requirements?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:37:20 UTC
PC11 If independent candidates can compete in presidential elections, what are the registration requirements?
e. Not Applicable
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:37:40 UTC
PC12 Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
a. No
Comments: Refers to candidates, as there are no parties.
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:38:27 UTC
PC13 If political parties receive direct/indirect public funding, when do they receive this?
d. Not Applicable
Comments: Refers to candidates, as there are no parties.
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:39:09 UTC
PC14 If political parties receive indirect public funding, identify the type of funding:
e. Not Applicable
Comments: Refers to candidates, as there are no parties.
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:40:11 UTC
PC15 What is the basis of the public funding?
f. Not applicable
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:40:34 UTC
PC16 If political parties receive public funding, what is the specified purpose?
e. Not Applicable
Comments: Refers to candidates, as there are no parties
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:41:05 UTC
PC17 Are political parties entitled to private funding?
b. No
Comments: There are no parties.
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:41:45 UTC
PC18 If political parties are entitled to private funding, for what period?
d. Not Applicable
Comments: Refers to candidates, as there are no parties
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:42:56 UTC
PC19 Which of the following party financing provisions are applicable?
j. Not applicable
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:43:12 UTC
Vote Counting
VC01 What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties listed)
d. Categorical (only one mark allowed)
e. Ability to vote for candidates within parties (personal vote)
g. Different ballots used in different constituencies
j. Candidate photos in color
m. Organized alphabetically
p. Bilingual
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 8. Pacific Election Administration Compared: Andrew Ellis (International IDEA)and Alistair Legge (PIANZEA), 2005.
Last updated: 2005-08-12 14:09:07 UTC
VC02 What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
s. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:45:28 UTC
VC03 What are the characteristics of ballots used at presidential elections?
r. Other
Comments: R. Other. The president is elected indirectly by majority vote through Congress
Source: Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article 10, section 1
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:46:02 UTC
VC04 Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
c. At special counting centres
Comments: . If access and time permit at the Central counting place. If it is deemed to be too impractical to transport the votes to the central counting place the votes are counted at a local Special Counting Committee
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 8 sections 808, 809, and 812.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:46:32 UTC
VC05 What procedures are used in the initial count?
d. Number of ballots in box reconciled against number of voters
e. Number of ballots reconciled against ballots initially received (minus spoilt and unused)
f. Each ballot paper held up for public scrutiny, with name of party/candidate called out loud
h. Double tallying as voters are being called out
j. Sorted into piles according to individual party/candidate
l. Counted by hand
o. Data fed into computer for calculation
s. Copies of results are provided to party agents
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 8 section 809
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:47:10 UTC
VC06 Following the sorting and counting, to where are the results first transmitted for consolidation?
e. National level
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 8 section 809
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:47:41 UTC
VC07 At what levels are seats allocated?
c. Regional level (specify whether it is constituency/ province/ state/ department/other)
Comments: C. constituency
Source: Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article 9 Section 8
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:48:10 UTC
VC08 How are the initial/preliminary polling results transmitted and communicated to the different levels?
c. By fax
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 8 section 809
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:48:38 UTC
VC09 If the polling results are physically transported, what is transported?
a. Ballots
b. Unused and spoiled ballots
c. Counterfoils of used ballots
d. Voter rolls
e. Tendered ballots
f. Certificate of result
g. Ballot boxes
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 8 section 808
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:49:06 UTC
VC10 If the polling results are physically transported, what security measures are used?
h. Accompanied by police or other security personnel
j. Other
Comments: J. Other Two locks are placed on the ballot box
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 8 section 808
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:49:43 UTC
VC11 Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
c. Automatically (triggered) recounted under certain conditions
d. By request
Comments: A petition for recount may be filed by any candidate in an election who believes that there was fraud or error committed in the casting, canvassing, or return of the votes cast at said election.
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 9 section 901
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:50:08 UTC
VC12 If automatically recounted, what is the trigger?
a. Closeness of results
Comments: A petition for a recount must be granted if the difference between the number of votes cast for the winning candidate and the next highest candidate is one-half of one percent or less of the total votes cast for all of the candidates for that particular seat.
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 9 section 901
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:50:36 UTC
VC13 If ballots are recounted by request, who can make the request?
b. An individual candidate
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 9 section 901
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:51:01 UTC
VC14 If recounted, who conducts the recount?
a. National Election Management body
Comments: The court will issue instructions on how to proceed with the count. The Counting and Tabulating committee conducts the count.
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 9 section 905
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:51:37 UTC
VC15 Are preliminary results announced?
a. Yes
Comments: The radio is used to notify voters and candidates
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 8 section 809
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:52:01 UTC
VC16 If preliminary results are announced, how long after the close of polls is this done?
a. hours: Same evening
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 8 section 809
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:52:28 UTC
VC17 Is there a legal requirement for the declaration of the officially certified results?
a. Yes
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 8 section 810
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:52:53 UTC
VC18 How long after the close of polls is the certified results publicly announced? (if there is no legal requirement enter the average time)
b. days:
Comments: Results must be announced no later than 3 days after the certification of results have been received by the National Election Director
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 8 section 810
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:53:33 UTC
Voter Education
VE01 Who conducts voter education and information campaigns at the national elections (informing where, when and how to register and vote)?
a. National Electoral Management Body
b. Regional Electoral Management Bodies
Comments: The regional EMB do not undertake campaigns in regards to referendums.
Source: FSCM, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 3, Sections 302 and 303.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:01:03 UTC
VE02 At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
b. Election time only
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:01:25 UTC
VE03 Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
l. Other
Comments: Other The campaign is undertake by the preliminary schools in 7th grade.
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:02:23 UTC
VE04 What types of voter education activities were carried out at the most recent national elections?
a. Poster/ Billboard campaigns
b. Media advertisement
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:02:40 UTC
Voting Operations
VO02 Is there a code of conduct for election officials?
a. Yes
Comments: Election officials should be impartial
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:10:30 UTC
VO03 Where can electors vote?
a. At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections
e. At mobile polling stations
f. By mail
h. By proxy
i. By tendered ballot
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 4 Section 402 (9), Chapter 7
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:22:11 UTC
VO04 Who can vote from outside the country?
b. Citizens residing outside the country
Source: Pacific Election Administration Compared: Andrew Ellis (International IDEA)and Alistair Legge (PIANZEA), 2005.
Last updated: 2005-08-12 15:19:43 UTC
VO05 If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
c. Special polling stations
Source: Pacific Election Administration Compared: Andrew Ellis (International IDEA)and Alistair Legge (PIANZEA), 2005.
Last updated: 2005-08-12 15:20:06 UTC
VO06 Can people vote in advance of the designated national election day(s)?
b. Yes
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 7 Section 703
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:23:16 UTC
VO07 If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), how may they do so?
a. At special advance polling centers
Source: Pacific Election Administration Compared: Andrew Ellis (International IDEA)and Alistair Legge (PIANZEA), 2005.
Last updated: 2005-08-12 15:18:20 UTC
VO08 If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), specify who:
b. Disabled persons
c. People in remote areas
d. People in hospitals
Comments: c.) People at sea, absent from his or her State of registration, or obstructed by national barrier making voting in person highly impractical.
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 7 Section 701-703 Pacific Election Administration Compared: Andrew Ellis (International IDEA)and Alistair Legge (PIANZEA), 2005.
Last updated: 2005-08-12 15:17:17 UTC
VO09 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
b. No
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:26:04 UTC
VO10 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
b. No X
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:26:29 UTC
VO11 How do electors cast their votes?
a. By manually marking the ballot
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:27:24 UTC
VO12 How many staff are assigned to each polling station?
a. The smallest polling station: 2
b. The largest polling station: 2
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:28:18 UTC
VO13 Approximately how many hours of training were provided to the presiding polling officer for the most recent national elections?
Comments: A workshop before each election about their responsibilities is held.
Source: Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop July 2002.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:28:49 UTC
Voter Registration
VR01 What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
c. 18
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 1 Section 102. Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article 6 Suffrage.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:18:44 UTC
VR02 Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
Comments: B. Period of residence must be 30 days before the election in the district that the voter is to be registered.
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 1 Section 102.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:19:10 UTC
VR03 What restrictions on registering to vote and voting exist in the country?
a. Criminal Incarceration
b. Previous Conviction
d. Mental disability
Comments: A. An elector can not be currently under parole, probation, or sentence for any felony for which he or she has been convicted by any court of the Federated States of Micronesia, the Trust Territory, or any court within the jurisdiction of the United States
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 1 Section 102.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:19:35 UTC
VR04 Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
a. Central Government Department (specify)
Comments: Both state and national EMB are responsible for registration of voters.
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 5 Section 504 and Chapter 3 Section 303.
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:19:47 UTC
VR05 What is the registration method for national elections?
b. Voters register
Comments: General state register.
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 5, Section 504
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:20:19 UTC
VR06 How frequently is the voters register updated?
a. Continuously
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 5 Section 504
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:21:04 UTC
VR07 What methods are used to compile and update the voters register?
e. Appearance by voter at registration office
f. Door-to-door registration campaign
Comments: Roll closes 30 days before the election.
Source: FSMC, Title 9. National elections, Chapter 5 Section 504
Last updated: 2005-02-17 05:21:26 UTC
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