Indonesia
- Boundary Delimitation
- Direct Democracy
- Electoral Management
- Electoral Systems
- Legislative Framework
- Media and Elections
- Parties and Candidates
- Vote Counting
- Voter Education
- Voting Operations
- Voter Registration
Boundary Delimitation
BD01 Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
a. Yes
Source: International IDEA research, February 2007
Last updated: 2007-02-13 15:14:54 UTC
BD03 On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
a. "Equality" of population
c. Compactness of constituencies
g. Other
Comments: g) - Good transportation and telecommunication links. - Taking into consideration communities of interest and socio-cultural aspects, such as ethnical/tribal backgrounds, history, customs, language, religion and/or social-economic status.
Source: International IDEA research, February 2007
Last updated: 2007-02-13 15:14:54 UTC
Direct Democracy
DD01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
a. Name and Title: Hadar N Gumay
c. Organisation: CETRO (Centre for Electoral Reform)
g. Email: hadar@dnet.net.id, hgumay@cetro.or.id
Last updated: 2007-01-02 10:44:02 UTC
DD02 Which forms of direct democracy, if any, are currently possible at the national level?
Please check the glossary for the definition of the following terms:
f. None
Comments: There is no direct democracy mechanism in the Indonesian legal framework. The legislation that contained stipulations on referendum as one of tools of direct democracy was revoked by law number 6/1999
Source: Law no. 6/1999 : revoke law number 5 / 1985 about referendum
Last updated: 2007-01-02 10:42:56 UTC
DD03 What is the legal basis for mandatory referendums at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD04 What is the legal basis for optional referendums at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD05 What is the legal basis for citizens' initiatives at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD06 What is the legal basis for agenda initiatives at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD07 What is the legal basis for recalls at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD124 If free media access is provided, what are the criteria for allocating broadcast time / printing space?
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD126 What restrictions or controls, if any, are there on media coverage of the campaign and/or issue during the relevant period?
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD13 When were direct democracy mechanisms first introduced into the legal framework at the national level?
Date (yyyy)
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD14 When was an administrative framework for direct democracy mechanisms first introduced at the national level? Date (yyyy)
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD38 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a mandatory referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD39 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a optional referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD67 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to the time period in which an individual/position can be recalled?
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD70 If a separate ballot to replace an individual who has been recalled takes place, how soon after the recall ballot is it held?
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD72 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD73 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD74 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a citizens' initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
DD75 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an agenda initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2006-12-22 17:49:26 UTC
Electoral Management
EM01 Please provide the following contact information for the national electoral management body:
a. Name of Institution General Elections Commission
b. Full Address Jl. Imam Bonjol No. 29, Jakarta 103 10
c. Telephone 00 62 21-31937223
d. Facsimile 00 62 21-3157759
f. Website Address http://www.kpu.go.id/kontakkpu/index.php
Last updated: 2006-11-30 16:13:48 UTC
EM02 Does this national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
e. Not applicable
Comments: The General Elections Commission (KPU) has the task to form the Indonesian Electoral Committee (PPI). PPI manages elections to the House of Representatives. PPI is also tasked with forming PPD 1, a committe that manages the elections to the First Level Region House of Representatives. PPD 1 is also tasked to form the committee PPI 2. PPI 2 manages elections to the Second Level Region House of Representatives. PPD 1 and PPI 2 are also tasked with managing elections to the House of Representatives in their regions.
Source: Law on General Elections of 1999, article 10-13
Last updated: 2006-11-30 16:27:51 UTC
EM04 The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
d. A national government department
Comments: d) The Ministry of Finance. Substantial financial independence was given to the KPU after the amendments of Law 03/1999. The funding now is channelled directly from the Ministry of Finance and the yearly budget proposal is submitted by the KPU directly to parliament.
Source: EU election observation mission report, 2004: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/indonesia/final_report_en.pdf
Last updated: 2007-02-08 14:20:12 UTC
EM06 The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
b. For a term of _________ years
Comments: b) For a term of five years.
Source: International IDEA (2006) "Electoral Management Design"
Last updated: 2006-12-01 10:24:01 UTC
EM08 According to official sources, what was the estimated overall cost (in US dollars if available) of the most recent national elections?
Last updated: 2006-11-30 16:13:48 UTC
EM09 What was the total number of registered voters or, where there was no voter roll, the estimated number of eligible voters?
Last updated: 2006-11-30 16:13:48 UTC
Electoral Systems
ES05 What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
g. List Proportional Representation
Source: International IDEA Handbook of Electoral Design
Last updated: Wed, 16 Aug 2000 13:00:27 GMT
Legislative Framework
LF01 What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
Source: EU election observation mission, 2004: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/indonesia/final_report_en.pdf
Last updated: 2007-02-08 14:24:31 UTC
LF03 The national electoral law covers:
a. National elections
b. Regional elections
Comments: Electoral law of 1999, article 1: "General Elections are held to elect the members of the House of Representatives, the First Level Region House of Representatives, the Second Level Region House of Representatives, henceforth called DPR, DPRD I and DPRD I I except for the DPR, DPRD I, and DPRD II members from the Armed Forces (ABRI)."
Source: Law on General Elections of 1999, article 1
Last updated: 2007-02-08 14:24:31 UTC
LF04 Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
a. Voting is voluntary
Source: International IDEA Voter Turnout Website (http://www.idea.int/vt/)
Last updated: 2006-11-21 19:30:00 UTC
LF07 What are the agency(ies) responsible for first level of formal electoral disputes?
c. Specially Appointed/Elected Electoral Tribunal
Comments: A Supervisory Committee is established in the framework of holding general elections.
Source: Law on General Elections of 1999, article 25, 26
Last updated: 2007-02-08 14:24:31 UTC
Media and Elections
ME01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
ME11 What laws, if any, guarantee freedom of access to public information for representatives of the media?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
ME13 What are the laws, if any, which govern the operations of the public broadcaster?
Specify the date of the latest version (including latest amendments)
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
ME18 What are the laws, if any, that provide for the safeguards for editorial autonomy in relation to the public broadcaster(s)?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
ME19 What are the laws, if any, which govern the granting of broadcasting licenses/frequencies to private broadcasters?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
ME22 What are the legal conditions, if any, under which the activities of a media outlet may be suspended?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
ME37 What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
Source: EU election observation mission, 2004: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/indonesia/final_report_en.pdf
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
ME38 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
b. The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising X
Comments: b) Even though there is no specific monetary limit, the law sets a cap on the duration and number of political advertisements.
Source: EU election observation mission, 2004: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/indonesia/final_report_en.pdf
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
ME55 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a presidential candidate is permitted to spend on paid advertising?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
ME56 What are the laws, if any, which govern the disclosure of campaign advertising expenditures by political parties and candidates?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
ME57 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a media outlet can charge parties/candidates for advertising during the campaign?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
ME58 How does this maximum amount (identified in question C.15.1) affect the political participation of smaller or newly formed parties?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
ME59 Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
a. Yes, in presidential elections
Source: EU election observation mission, 2004: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/indonesia/final_report_en.pdf
Last updated: 2007-02-08 15:13:16 UTC
Parties and Candidates
PC01 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
c. Regional distribution requirement
f. Other
Comments: f) Submitting the party's name and logo. Law on General Elections of 1999, Article 39: "(1) A Political Party can participate in the General Election whenever it meets the following requirements: a. the party is recognized under the Law on Political Parties; b. having a committee in more,than one half of the number of provinces in Indonesia; c. having a committee in more than one half of the number of districts/regencies in the province as meant by letter b; d. submitting the name and logo of the political party. Political Parties having registered, but failing to meet the requirements as meant by article (l), can not participate in the General Election, although they are still recognized as long as they abide by their duties as stipulated by the Law on Political Parties. To be able to participate in the next General Election, a Political Party should have as much as 2% (two percent) of the number of DPR seats or have at least 3% (three per cent) of the number of the seats of DPRD I or DPRD ll which are spread at least over 112 (one half) the number of pvinces and 112 (one half) the number of districts/regencies throughout Indonesia based on the result of General Elections. Political Parties participating in the General Eledion which do not meet the requirements meant by article (3) may not participate in the next General Election, except by joining another political party." In order to found a political party, a number of requisits must be met. Law on Political Parties, article 2: (1) At least 50 (fifty) citizens of the Republic of Indonesia aged 21 (twenty one) years is able to form a Political Party; (2) Political Parties which are founded and ruled by clause (1) shall meet the following requirements: a. Include Pancasila as basis and ideology of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in the Party Statutes; b. the principles or characteristics, aspirations and programs of Political Parties must not be contrary to Pancasila; c. membership of Political Parties should be open for all citizens of the Republic of Indonesia with the right to vote; d. Political Parties are prohibited from using the same name or symbol or flag of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia or that of a foreign country or a person's picture or the name and symbol of an existing party.
Source: Law on General Elections of 1999, article 39 Law on Political Parties, article 2
Last updated: 2007-02-08 14:59:52 UTC
PC03 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
d. Residence
h. Minimum level of education
i. Minimum level of literacy
j. Other
Comments: j) - Not being member of the armed forces - Devoted to God Almighty - In possession of an identity card - Loyal to the Pancasila philosophy as the basis of the state - Registered in the list of voters Article 42 The members of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia do not exetcise their right to be elected. Article 43 (1) A candidate for membership of DPR (chamber 1), DPRD I, and DPRD II should meet the following requirements: a. Citizens having reached theage of 21 years and devoted to God Almighty; b. Living in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia and in possession of a Population Identity Cad or testimonial of the LurahlHead of Village concerning their permanent address; c. Speak the Indonesian language and able to write and read Latin characters; d. At least having graduated from senior high school or having a comparable education or experience in the field of society; e. Loyal to Pancasila as the philosophical basis of the State, the 1945 Constitution, and the ideals of the August 17, 1945 Prodamation ; f: No ex-member of the prohibited Indonesian Communist Party and its mass-organizations and not having been directly or indirectly involved in the "Counter Revolutionary September Movement/lndonesian Communist Party" her prohibited organizations; g: Not having his/her voting rights revoked by virtue of a court sentence which is final; h: Not serwing jail by virtue of a court sentence having with a final verdict, for having committed a crime liable to 5 (five)years imprisonment or more; i: Not visibly suffering from mental disturbance/insanity; j. Registered in the List of Voters. 2. Children and offspring of persons meant by article (1) letter f can be candidates for membership of DPR, DPRD I, and DPRD II except when stipulated otherwise by prevailing regulations.
Source: Law on General Elections of 1999, article 42 and 43
Last updated: 2007-02-08 14:59:52 UTC
PC08 Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
Source: EU election observation mission, 2004: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/indonesia/final_report_en.pdf
Last updated: 2007-02-08 14:59:52 UTC
PC12 Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
b. Direct
Comments: Law on Political Parties, article 12: "(2) Political Parties receive an annual donation from the state budget based on the number of votes in the past general election. (3) Determining the annual donation as mentioned in Article (2) is decreed by Government regulation."
Source: Law on Political Parties, article 12
Last updated: 2007-02-08 14:59:52 UTC
PC15 What is the basis of the public funding?
b. Based on result of previous election
Source: Law on Political Parties, article 12
Last updated: 2006-12-01 10:09:40 UTC
Vote Counting
VC04 Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
a. At the polling stations
Source: Law on General Elections of 1999, article 56
Last updated: 2006-12-01 09:17:48 UTC
VC11 Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
d. By request
Comments: d) For instance, a recount can be requested if a person that, according the law, is entitled to witness the initial count is prevented from doing this. Also, during the 2004 election, recounts were sometimes performed at higher levels to ensure the validity of the initial counts at the lower level. In a certain case, a recount was made as a response to allegations of election fraud.
Source: EU election observation mission, 2004: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/indonesia/final_report_en.pdf
Last updated: 2007-02-08 14:54:27 UTC
Voter Education
VE01 Who conducts voter education and information campaigns at the national elections (informing where, when and how to register and vote)?
a. National Electoral Management Body
g. NGOs/ Civic Organizations
h. Political parties/ candidates
i. Media
Source: EU election observation mission, 2004: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/indonesia/final_report_en.pdf
Last updated: 2007-02-08 14:28:22 UTC
Voting Operations
VO04 Who can vote from outside the country?
b. Citizens residing outside the country
Source: Legislative Election Law No.10 / 2008, Chapter X, Article 159
Last updated: 2006-12-01 09:13:27 UTC
VO05 If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
Source: Legislative Election Law No.10 / 2008, Chapter X, Article 157, verse 2
Last updated: 2007-02-08 14:41:14 UTC
VO10 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
a. Yes, the maximum capacity is: 500
Source: Legislative Election Law No.10 / 2008, Chapter X, Article 150, verse 1.
Last updated: 2006-12-01 09:13:27 UTC
VO11 How do electors cast their votes?
a. By manually marking the ballot
Source: Legislative Election Law No.10 / 2008, Chapter X, Article 153, verse 1-3. Comments: Further regulations on the method of voting are regulated in Electoral Management Body (KPU) regulations
Last updated: 2007-02-08 14:41:14 UTC
VO12 How many staff are assigned to each polling station?
Source: Law No 22 / 2007, Chapter III, Part 8, Article 48, verse 1
Last updated: 2006-12-01 09:13:27 UTC
Voter Registration
VR01 What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
b. 17
Comments: Voting age is 17. A citizen is also allowed to vote if she/he is married. See below Law on General Elections of 1999, article 28: "Citizens of the Republic of Indonesia, who at the time of the voting for General Election am 17 (seventeen) years old or already m a w have the right to vote."
Source: Law on General Elections of 1999, article 28
Last updated: 2006-12-01 08:36:33 UTC
VR02 Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
a. Citizenship
e. Other
Comments: e) To be registered to vote. Law on General Elections of 1999, article 28: (1)To exercise their right to vote a citizen should be registered as a voter. (2) To be registered as a voter, he/she should meet the following requirements: a. Not visibly suffering from mental disorderfinsaoity; b. Not serving a jail sentence or in custody following a court verdict for committing a crime liable to imptisonment of five years or more; c. Not having lost his voting tights by virtue of a court sentence after a final verdict; (3) A citizen who has been registered in the list of voters but who no longer meets the requirements as meant by artide (2), can not use his/her right to vote.
Source: Law on General Elections of 1999, article 28
Last updated: 2006-12-01 08:36:33 UTC
VR04 Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
e. Other
Comments: The voters register themselves. The General Election Commission determines the schedule of the voter registration. Article 92 Voting is the right of every citizen who has the right to vote. The registration of voters in the designated place is actively carried out by the voters by showing a Population Identity Card (UP) or other valid personal identity. For villages/KelurahanWPls which are geographically difficult to reach by the voters and or the condition of the community does not allow them to register by themselves, the Voting Committee (PPS) is obliged to actively register the voters. The schedule of voter registration is determined by the General Election Commission (KPU).
Source: Law No 22 / 2007, Chapter III, Part 3, Article 8, verse 1, point e
Last updated: 2006-12-01 08:36:33 UTC
VR06 How frequently is the voters register updated?
c. Periodically (or before each election)
Source: Maria Gratschew, Voter turnout project, International IDEA
Last updated: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 12:55:43 GMT
May 20, 2008 07:19 AM
