Paraguay
- Boundary Delimitation
- Direct Democracy
- Electoral Management
- Electoral Systems
- Legislative Framework
- Media and Elections
- Parties and Candidates
- Vote Counting
- Voter Education
- Voting Operations
- Voter Registration
Boundary Delimitation
BD01 Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
b. No, existing regional/provincial/other boundaries are used
Comments: The existing political-administrative boundaries of the State, departments and municipalities are used.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:26:36 GMT
BD02 The authority responsible for final approval of the constituency boundaries is:
e. Not applicable
Comments: Boundaries are not delimited for election purposes.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay.
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 01:27:48 GMT
BD03 On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
h. Not applicable
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Articles 221 and 223.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:27:28 GMT
BD04 If population is a criterion, which population figure is used?
g. Not applicable
Comments: Population is not a criterion.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay.
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 01:33:34 GMT
Direct Democracy
DD01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
a. Name and Title: Hanna Berheim
b. Job Title: Research Assistant
c. Organisation: International IDEA
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
DD02 Which forms of direct democracy, if any, are currently possible at the national level?
Please check the glossary for the definition of the following terms:
a. Mandatory referendum
b. Optional referendum
c. Citizens' initiative
d. Agenda initiative
Comments: C:TII:ChX:121 "A legislative referendum, approved by law, can be either binding or nonbinding. A law will regulate this institution." C:TII:ChX:122 "The following matters cannot be submitted to a referendum: 1. International relations, treaties, conventions, or agreements; 2. Expropriations; 3. National defense; 4. Limitations to real estate property; 5. Tax, monetary, and banking systems; loan agreements; the national General Budget; and 6. National, departmental, and municipal elections." C:TII:ChX:123 "Voters are hereby given the right to propose draft laws to Congress through popular initiative. A law will establish the procedures as well as the number of voters who must sign such proposals." C:TIV:290 "[...] (3) If the amendment has been approved by the two chambers of Congress, the full text of it will be submitted to the Superior Electoral Court, which, within a period of 180 days will call a referendum. If the outcome of the referendum is in favor of the amendment, it will be considered that it has been approved and promulgated and considered part of the Constitution." EL:259 "The authorization for calling the voters for a legislative referendum, in any of its types, consultive or binding, is an exclusive duty of Congress…." EL:260 “The initiative for the consultation via referendum is exclusive duty of the Executive Power, five Senators or ten representatives. There shall be no referendum during the state of exception or within the 90 days subsequent to its removal. Also, it shall not be called within the previous 90 days and subsequent 90 days to the date of general elections or municipal elections or of another referendum." EL:261 (The referendum shall be decided by universal vote, free, direct, and secret by simple majority of the votes. The object of the consultation via referendum shall clearly state the question or questions that the voters will be asked to answer with a yes or a no.) EL:262 "Once the request of a referendum has been accepted, the President of the Congress shall send a copy to the Superior Court of Electoral Justice in order to call the voters." EL:263 (If the result of the referendum was not favorable to the approval of the issue being consulted, the initiative cannot be repeated until three years have passed. If it is rejected in legislative seat another one cannot be promoted about the same issue until two years have gone by.) EL:264 (The calling law for a referendum shall be spread through the newspapers which have more circulation in the country; it shall be published three times within the following 10 days after its promulgation. During the previous ten days to the voting, the entire or partial publication shall be forbidden as well as comments of the results of any survey or opinion consultation that are directly or indirectly related to the issue being submitted to referendum.) EL:265 "The consultation to the voters shall be for affirmative or negative towards the amendment passed by Congress.”
Source: The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, art. II:X:121-123, IV:290; the Electoral Law, art. 259-265
Last updated: 2006-12-31 15:15:01 UTC
DD03 What is the legal basis for mandatory referendums at the national level?
a. Constitutional
Comments: C:TIV:290 "[...] (3) If the amendment has been approved by the two chambers of Congress, the full text of it will be submitted to the Superior Electoral Court, which, within a period of 180 days will call a referendum. If the outcome of the referendum is in favor of the amendment, it will be considered that it has been approved and promulgated and considered part of the Constitution."
Source: The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, art. IV:290
Last updated: 2006-12-31 15:04:34 UTC
DD04 What is the legal basis for optional referendums at the national level?
a. Constitutional
b. Specific laws/legislation
Comments: C:TII:ChX:121 "A legislative referendum, approved by law, can be either binding or nonbinding. A law will regulate this institution." EL:260 “The initiative for the consultation via referendum is exclusive duty of the Executive Power, five Senators or ten representatives. There shall be no referendum during the state of exception or within the 90 days subsequent to its removal. Also, it shall not be called within the previous 90 days and subsequent 90 days to the date of general elections or municipal elections or of another referendum."
Source: The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, art. II:X:121; the Electoral Law, art. 260
Last updated: 2006-12-31 15:15:01 UTC
DD05 What is the legal basis for citizens' initiatives at the national level?
a. Constitutional
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:55:38 UTC
DD06 What is the legal basis for agenda initiatives at the national level?
a. Constitutional
b. Specific laws/legislation
Comments: C:TII:ChX:123 "Voters are hereby given the right to propose draft laws to Congress through popular initiative. A law will establish the procedures as well as the number of voters who must sign such proposals."
Source: The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, art. II:X:123
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:57:39 UTC
DD07 What is the legal basis for recalls at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2006-12-31 15:05:48 UTC
DD08 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for mandatory referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
a. Constitutional
b. Specific laws/legislation
Comments: C:TIV:290 "[...] (3) If the amendment has been approved by the two chambers of Congress, the full text of it will be submitted to the Superior Electoral Court, which, within a period of 180 days will call a referendum. If the outcome of the referendum is in favor of the amendment, it will be considered that it has been approved and promulgated and considered part of the Constitution."
Source: The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, art. IV:290
Last updated: 2006-12-31 15:04:34 UTC
DD124 If free media access is provided, what are the criteria for allocating broadcast time / printing space?
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
DD126 What restrictions or controls, if any, are there on media coverage of the campaign and/or issue during the relevant period?
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
DD13 When were direct democracy mechanisms first introduced into the legal framework at the national level?
Date (yyyy)
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
DD14 When was an administrative framework for direct democracy mechanisms first introduced at the national level? Date (yyyy)
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
DD27 What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are mandatory at the national level?
a. Constitutional amendments
Comments: C:TIV:290 "[...] (3) If the amendment has been approved by the two chambers of Congress, the full text of it will be submitted to the Superior Electoral Court, which, within a period of 180 days will call a referendum. If the outcome of the referendum is in favor of the amendment, it will be considered that it has been approved and promulgated and considered part of the Constitution."
Source: The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, art. IV:290
Last updated: 2006-12-31 15:09:50 UTC
DD28 What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are optional at the national level?
c. Transfer of authority to international bodies
d. National sovereignty, national self-determination
e. Conflict between constitutional organs
f. Devolution
h. Taxes and public expenditure commitments
i. Other public policy issues
Comments: j) All issues except constitutional amendments that are subject to mandatory referendums, or excluded by the law. C:TII:ChX:122 "The following matters cannot be submitted to a referendum: 1. International relations, treaties, conventions, or agreements; 2. Expropriations; 3. National defense; 4. Limitations to real estate property; 5. Tax, monetary, and banking systems; loan agreements; the national General Budget; and 6. National, departmental, and municipal elections."
Source: The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, art. II:X:122 and IV:290
Last updated: 2006-12-31 15:15:01 UTC
DD29 Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level?
b. Adoption of international treaties
g. Civil service
h. Taxes and public expenditure commitments
j. Other (specify)
Comments: j) Expropriations, defense, banking systems and elections. C:TII:ChX:122 "The following matters cannot be submitted to a referendum: 1. International relations, treaties, conventions, or agreements; 2. Expropriations; 3. National defense; 4. Limitations to real estate property; 5. Tax, monetary, and banking systems; loan agreements; the national General Budget; and 6. National, departmental, and municipal elections."
Source: The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, art. II:X:122
Last updated: 2006-12-31 15:15:01 UTC
DD31 Who can initiate a referendum at the national level?
a. Government
c. President
d. Legislative majority
e. Registered electors
Comments: EL:259 "The authorization for calling the voters for a legislative referendum, in any of its types, consultive or binding, is an exclusive duty of Congress…." EL:260 “The initiative for the consultation via referendum is exclusive duty of the Executive Power, five Senators or ten representatives. There shall be no referendum during the state of exception or within the 90 days subsequent to its removal. Also, it shall not be called within the previous 90 days and subsequent 90 days to the date of general elections or municipal elections or of another referendum."
Source: The Electoral Law, art. 259-260
Last updated: 2006-12-31 15:15:01 UTC
DD38 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a mandatory referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
DD39 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a optional referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
DD43 When is the outcome of a mandatory referendum binding?
b. Under certain circumstances (specify below)
Comments: b) This is decided by Congress and regulated by law. C:TII:ChX:121 "A legislative referendum, approved by law, can be either binding or nonbinding. A law will regulate this institution." C:TIV:290 "[...] (3) If the amendment has been approved by the two chambers of Congress, the full text of it will be submitted to the Superior Electoral Court, which, within a period of 180 days will call a referendum. If the outcome of the referendum is in favor of the amendment, it will be considered that it has been approved and promulgated and considered part of the Constitution." EL:259 "The authorization for calling the voters for a legislative referendum, in any of its types, consultive or binding, is an exclusive duty of Congress…."
Source: The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, art. II:X:121, IV:290; the Electoral Law, art. 259
Last updated: 2006-12-31 15:15:01 UTC
DD44 When is the outcome of an optional referendum binding?
b. Under certain circumstances (specify below)
Comments: b) This is decided by Congress and regulated by law. C:TII:ChX:121 "A legislative referendum, approved by law, can be either binding or nonbinding. A law will regulate this institution." C:TIV:290 "[...] (3) If the amendment has been approved by the two chambers of Congress, the full text of it will be submitted to the Superior Electoral Court, which, within a period of 180 days will call a referendum. If the outcome of the referendum is in favor of the amendment, it will be considered that it has been approved and promulgated and considered part of the Constitution." EL:259 "The authorization for calling the voters for a legislative referendum, in any of its types, consultive or binding, is an exclusive duty of Congress…."
Source: The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, art. II:X:121, IV:290; the Electoral Law, art. 259
Last updated: 2006-12-31 15:15:01 UTC
DD46 Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the agenda initiative process at the national level?
b. Legislative proposals
Comments: C:TII:ChX:123 "Voters are hereby given the right to propose draft laws to Congress through popular initiative. A law will establish the procedures as well as the number of voters who must sign such proposals."
Source: The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, art. II:X:123
Last updated: 2006-12-31 15:01:28 UTC
DD67 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to the time period in which an individual/position can be recalled?
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
DD70 If a separate ballot to replace an individual who has been recalled takes place, how soon after the recall ballot is it held?
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
DD72 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
DD73 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
DD74 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a citizens' initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
DD75 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an agenda initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2006-12-31 14:43:58 UTC
Electoral Management
EM01 Please provide the following contact information for the national electoral management body:
a. Name of Institution Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral
b. Full Address Av. Eusebio Ayala y Santa Crux de la Sierra, Asunción, Paraguay
c. Telephone (595 21) 618 0000
e. Email info(a)tsje.gov.py
f. Website Address www.tsje.gov.py
g. Name and Title of Chairperson/President DR. Alberto Ramírez Zambonini
h. Information Officer Irina Vologdina de Goiburu
i. Official language of the electoral law governing national elections Spanish
Source: Website anf Official Publications of Electoral Justice. Laws N. 635 about Electoral Justice and N. 834 Paraguayan Electoral Code.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:00:08 GMT
EM02 Does this national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
a. National level
b. Regional level
c. Local level
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay and Laws N.635 and N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:00:39 GMT
EM03 The national electoral management body reports to:
f. Other
Comments: The Electoral Justice has administrative autarchy and jurisdictional autonomy within the limits of Law N.635. The National Constitution establishes it as part of the Judicial Power.
Source: Law N.635, Articles 1 and 2.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:02:18 GMT
EM04 The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
a. The President
c. The legislature
Comments: It is part of the National General Budget, presented by the President to consideration of the Congress.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 238 and Law N.635. Article 5.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:20:50 GMT
EM05 The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
e. Another organ within the national government
Comments: The "Contraloría General de la República", who reports to the Congress.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 238 and Law N.635, Article 78.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:21:47 GMT
EM06 The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
d. Other
Comments: The members of the Superior Court of Electoral Justice can be removed only by political trial. They leave their positions at 75 years of age.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Articles 275 and 261 and Law N.635.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:25:36 GMT
EM07 The national electoral management body chairperson, or equivalent, is chosen in the following way:
g. Other
Comments: The Superior Court of Electoral Justice designates annually within their members a president and a vicepresident.
Source: Law N.635, Article 4.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:23:12 GMT
EM08 According to official sources, what was the estimated overall cost (in US dollars if available) of the most recent national elections?
a. estimated total: USD 6.000.000.- (exchange rate used 7.000Gs)
Comments: 6 000 000 USD (exchange rate used 7.000Gs) Main items are: -Voter Registration and preparation of voters lists: 8% -Electoral organism administration: 9.7% -Staff/equipment/supplies: 40% -Security: 5% -Public financing of candidates and parties: 12.5% -Voters education: 8% -Material/systems and operations of polling stations and vote counting: 5% -Costs of settle appeals and controversies: 3% -Election Logistics: 7% -Votes tabbing (statistics, recording, etc): 1.8%
Source: TribunalSuperior de Justicia Electoral. (Jul 2003)
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:45:15 UTC
EM09 What was the total number of registered voters or, where there was no voter roll, the estimated number of eligible voters?
a. Total number: 2.405.108 registered voters
Source: Website and Official Publications of the Electoral Justice.
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:45:15 UTC
EM10 What was the spending (in USD) per registered voter (NOT actual voters) or, where there was no voter roll, the estimated number of eligible voters at the last general elections?
a. USD/registered voter 2.44
b. Exchange rate used 7.000Gs
Source: Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral
Last updated: Thu, 31 Jul 2003 22:57:10 GMT
Electoral Systems
ES01 How is the Head of State selected?
a. Head of State is the Head of Government
Comments: It is a duty for whom performs the presidency to represent the state and direct the general administration of the country.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Articles 226 and 238.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:51:13 GMT
ES02 How is the Head of Government selected?
a. Directly elected in general elections (simple majority)
Comments: The president and vice-president are elected directly and altogether by the people, by simple majority in general elections.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 230.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:53:48 GMT
ES03 Does the country have a president?
a. Yes
Comments: The executive power is exercised by the president.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 226.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:54:04 GMT
ES04 The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
b. Two chambers
Comments: The legislative power is exercised by the Congress, composed by two chambers, one of "Diputados" and one of "Senadores".
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 182.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:54:19 GMT
ES05 What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
g. List Proportional Representation
Comments: The deputies are elected in direct elections by the system of closed list proportional representation.
Source: Law N. 834, Article 258.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:54:36 GMT
ES06 What is the electoral system for Chamber 2 of the national legislature?
g. List Proportional Representation
Comments: Senators are elected in direct elections by the system of closed list proportional representation.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 247 and 258.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:54:53 GMT
ES07 If List PR is used, is a highest average formula used?
a. d'Hondt Formula
Source: Law N.834, Article 258.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:55:12 GMT
ES08 What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 1?
c. Regional/provincial level
Comments: Chamber 1 has a department representation; deputies are elected directly by the people in electoral department colleges.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 221.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:55:29 GMT
ES09 What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 2?
a. National level
Comments: Senators are elected directly by the people in one national constituency.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 223.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:55:48 GMT
ES10 Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 1 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
b. No
Source: Law N. 834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:56:10 GMT
ES11 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 1, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved for:
e. Not applicable Not applicable
Comments: There are not special constituencies or seats reserved for any interest groups.
Source: Law N. 834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:56:28 GMT
ES12 Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 2 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
b. No
Comments: There are no special constituencies or seats reserved for specific groups. But ex-presidents will be Senators for life, without being counted in the quorum and just with voice right.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Articles 189 and Law N. 834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:56:43 GMT
ES13 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 2, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved:
e. Not applicable Not applicable
Comments: There are not special constituencies or seats reserved for any interest groups.
Source: Law N. 834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:57:05 GMT
ES14 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 1?
a. No minimum
Comments: The no obtention of at least 1% of valid votes in the last two pluripersonal general elections is cause of extintion for political parties or movements.
Source: Law N. 834, Article 78.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:57:22 GMT
ES15 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 2?
a. No minimum
Comments: The no obtention of at least 1% of valid votes in the last two pluripersonal general elections is cause of extintion for political parties or movements.
Source: Law N.834, Article 78.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:57:37 GMT
ES16 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 1?
a. No minimum
Source: Law N. 834, Articles 247 and 258.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:57:51 GMT
ES17 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 2?
a. No minimum
Source: Law N.834, Articles 247 and 258.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:58:09 GMT
ES18 Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 1, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
a. At fixed intervals (specify length)
Comments: General elections take place the month of April or May of the respective year, every five years.
Source: Articles 187 and 229 National Constituction of Paraguay and 154 Law N¼ 834.
Last updated: Mon, 14 Jul 2003 22:39:04 GMT
ES19 Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 2, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
a. At fixed intervals (specify length)
Comments: General elections take place the month of April or May of the respective year, every five years.
Source: Articles 187 and 229 National Constituction of Paraguay and 154 Law N¹ 834.
Last updated: Mon, 14 Jul 2003 22:40:42 GMT
ES20 Regarding Chamber 1 elections (excluding advance voting, postal voting, etc):
a. Voting takes place on one day
Comments: Parliamentary and Presidential elections take place simultaneously on a specific day.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 187 and Law N. 834, Article 153.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:58:41 GMT
ES21 Regarding Chamber 2 elections (excluding advance voting, postal voting, etc):
a. Voting takes place on one day
Comments: Parliamentary and Presidential elections take place simultaneously on a specific day.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 187 and Law N. 834, Article 153.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:59:02 GMT
Legislative Framework
LF01 What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
b. Separate legislation
Comments: Law N1/4 834/96 Electoral Paraguayan Law
Source: Law N. 834/96.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:48:56 GMT
LF02 What is the date of the latest version of the national electoral law (including latest amendments)?
a. January 2000 or later
Source: Official Publication Electoral Justice February 2003.
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 01:14:18 GMT
LF03 The national electoral law covers:
a. National elections
b. Regional elections
c. Local elections
d. Referendums
Source: Law N. 834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:49:21 GMT
LF04 Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
b. Voting is compulsory and regulated in the electoral law
c. Voting is compulsory and regulated in the constitution
Comments: b) Voting is compulsory, as well as it is being on the voter's register, and is regulated in both the Consitution and the electoral law.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay and Law N. 834, Articles 4 and 113.
Last updated: 2006-11-21 20:52:20 UTC
LF05 Are there provisions in the law which permit or require regional and/ or local election (s) to be held on the same day as national elections?
a. National elections are not held on the same day as regional or local elections
Source: Law N. 834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:50:00 GMT
LF06 Are there provisions in the law which permit or require presidential election (s) to be held on the same day as national legislative elections?
b. Presidential elections are held on the same day as national legislative elections
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 187.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:50:16 GMT
LF07 What are the agency(ies) responsible for first level of formal electoral disputes?
b. EMB
c. Specially Appointed/Elected Electoral Tribunal
Comments: With regard to national and departamental elections it is responsability of the Electoral Courts, and to municipal elections, of the Electoral Tribunals.
Source: Law N. 834, Article 165.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:50:31 GMT
LF08 If the agency(ies) which settles formal disputes is/are specially appointed/elected; by whom?
a. President
c. Judiciary
d. Legislature
Comments: The Superior Court of Electoral Justice is composed by three members elected by the Senate with the agreement of Executive Power, from a list of three candidates presented by the Magistracy Council.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Articles 275 and 276 and Law N. 635, Article 4.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:43:58 GMT
LF09 Who has the right to submit cases to the person or agency(ies)which settles formal disputes?
a. Candidates
b. Parties
Comments: The parties, movements and alliances agents will have active legitimacy. Also will the candidates, for internal elections.
Source: Law N. 635, Article 41.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 15:45:55 GMT
Media and Elections
ME01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
Last updated: 2007-01-17 09:17:56 UTC
ME11 What laws, if any, guarantee freedom of access to public information for representatives of the media?
Last updated: 2007-01-17 09:17:56 UTC
ME13 What are the laws, if any, which govern the operations of the public broadcaster?
Specify the date of the latest version (including latest amendments)
Last updated: 2007-01-17 09:17:56 UTC
ME18 What are the laws, if any, that provide for the safeguards for editorial autonomy in relation to the public broadcaster(s)?
Last updated: 2007-01-17 09:17:56 UTC
ME19 What are the laws, if any, which govern the granting of broadcasting licenses/frequencies to private broadcasters?
Last updated: 2007-01-17 09:17:56 UTC
ME22 What are the legal conditions, if any, under which the activities of a media outlet may be suspended?
Last updated: 2007-01-17 09:17:56 UTC
ME37 What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
Comments: Only during the ten days before the closing of the electoral campaign, that is, two days before voting day.
Source: International IDEA (2003) "Funding of Political Parties and Election Campaigns"
Last updated: 2007-01-17 09:17:56 UTC
ME38 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
a. Amount (Euros) X
Comments: a) There is no financial limit. But the amount of broadcast advertisement time that can be bought is limited.
Source: International IDEA research, February 2007
Last updated: 2007-02-13 14:16:49 UTC
ME55 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a presidential candidate is permitted to spend on paid advertising?
Last updated: 2007-01-17 09:17:56 UTC
ME56 What are the laws, if any, which govern the disclosure of campaign advertising expenditures by political parties and candidates?
Last updated: 2007-01-17 09:17:56 UTC
ME57 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a media outlet can charge parties/candidates for advertising during the campaign?
Last updated: 2007-01-17 09:17:56 UTC
ME58 How does this maximum amount (identified in question C.15.1) affect the political participation of smaller or newly formed parties?
Last updated: 2007-01-17 09:17:56 UTC
Parties and Candidates
PC01 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
f. Other
Comments: It requires that their candidates were elected in internal elections of the parties or political movements that presents them.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 153 and 154.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:47:51 GMT
PC02 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?
f. Other
Comments: It requires that their candidates were elected in the internal elections of the party or political movement that present them.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 155 and 157.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:49:02 GMT
PC03 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
f. Registration
j. Other
Comments: 25 years old, Paraguayan nationality and must enjoy all civic and political rights.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Articles 120, 221 and 146 and Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:50:57 GMT
PC04 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
f. Registration
j. Other
Comments: 35 years old, natural Paraguayan nationality and must enjoy all civic and political rights.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Articles 120, 223, 146, 248 and Law N. 834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:52:36 GMT
PC05 What are the legal qualifications for becoming a candidate at presidential elections?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
f. Registration
j. Other
Comments: 35 years old, Paraguayan nationality and must enjoy all civic and political rights.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Articles 120, 228, 146 and Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:54:08 GMT
PC06 What can disqualify a candidate at legislative elections?
a. Current criminal incarceration
e. Offences against electoral law
f. Holding of military office
g. Holding of government office
n. Holding of other public offices (police etc.)
o. Other
Comments: As well as disqualification penalties for excercise of public function, members of the Judicial Power, ministers or members of any religious order, representatives or agents of enterprises related with the Estate, candidates for president or vicepresident. Also the constitutional reasons for suspension of citizenship rights.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Articles 153, 197, 198 and Law N.834, 96 and 97.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:55:10 GMT
PC07 What can disqualify a candidate at presidential elections?
a. Current criminal incarceration
f. Holding of military office
g. Holding of government office
n. Holding of other public offices (police etc.)
p. Other
Comments: As well as disqualification penalties for excercise of public function, members of the Judicial Power, ministers or members of any religious order, representatives or agents of enterprises related with the Estate, mayors, governors, close relatives of the president. Also the constitutional reasons for suspension of citizenship rights. And there is special disqualification for attempt against the Constitution.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Articles 153, 235, 236 and Law N. 834, Articles 96 and 97.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:56:39 GMT
PC08 Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
Comments: Any citizen has the right for running as candidate of political movements for national, departamental or municipal elective office, nominal or pluripersonal.
Source: Article 85 Law N¼ 834
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 03:06:47 GMT
PC09 If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 1), what are the registration requirements?
a. Signature requirement (specify)
d. Other
Comments: Independent candidates need the support of the electorate equal to at least 0,50% of the votes cast at the previous elections. Besides, they require an oathed declaration of the funding received for their electoral campaigns.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 85 and 86.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:58:58 GMT
PC10 If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 2), what are the registration requirements?
a. Signature requirement (specify)
d. Other
Comments: Independent candidates need the support of the electorate equal to at least 0,50% of the votes cast at the previous elections. Besides, they require an oathed declaration of the funding received for their electoral campaigns.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 85 and 86.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:59:41 GMT
PC11 If independent candidates can compete in presidential elections, what are the registration requirements?
a. Signature requirement (specify)
d. Other
Comments: Independent candidates need the support of the electorate equal to at least 0,50% of the votes cast at the previous elections. Besides, they require an oathed declaration of the funding received for their electoral campaigns.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 85 and 86.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:00:11 GMT
PC12 Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
b. Direct
c. Indirect
Comments: They receive state contributions, electoral subsidies, tributary exemptions and a percentage of free media access.
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:00:40 GMT
PC13 If political parties receive direct/indirect public funding, when do they receive this?
c. As related to the election period and between elections
Comments: The parties receive an annual contribution, besides subsidies and other benefits related to electoral activities.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 71 and 276.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:01:21 GMT
PC14 If political parties receive indirect public funding, identify the type of funding:
a. Free media access
b. Tax credits
Comments: The media assign free access equivalent to 3% of their daily spaces during the 10 days previous to the closing of the electoral campaign. Besides they enjoy permanent tributary exemptions.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 73, 74, 75 and 302.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:02:13 GMT
PC15 What is the basis of the public funding?
a. Equal funding, regardless of size and previous performance
b. Based on result of previous election
e. Other
Comments: Egalitarian in the matter of indirect funding. The annual contributions depend on the latest election results, and the electoral subsidies depend on the seats obtained in the current election.
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:03:18 GMT
PC16 If political parties receive public funding, what is the specified purpose?
a. General party administration
b. Election campaign activities
d. Other
Comments: The funding with regard to free media access has the objective of contributing to the democratization process and to the civic education of Paraguayan people.
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:04:34 GMT
PC17 Are political parties entitled to private funding?
a. Yes
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:05:03 GMT
PC18 If political parties are entitled to private funding, for what period?
c. As related to the election period and between elections
Source: Law N.834, Article 67-.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:05:34 GMT
PC19 Which of the following party financing provisions are applicable?
c. Prohibition on party funding from foreign sources
d. Ceilings on how much money a party can raise
i. Other
Comments: For individual contributions from persons or legal entities there is a limit of 5000 minimum wages. Contributions from governmental entities, enterprises related with the Estate, multinationals, trade-unions, employers` organizations or business organizations are prohibited.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 68 and 282.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:08:12 GMT
PC20 Which of the following candidate financing provisions are applicable?
j. Not applicable
Comments: The Law refers to the funding of parties, political movements and electoral alliances only.
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:09:00 GMT
PC21 Who is responsible for administering and enforcing party income/funding regulations at national level?
a. National Electoral Management body
d. Other
Comments: The Superior Court of Electoral Justice, the Electoral Courts and depending upon circumstances, the criminal justice.
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:23:16 GMT
Vote Counting
VC01 What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties listed)
d. Categorical (only one mark allowed)
f. Same ballot papers used nationwide
h. Party symbols in color
o. Ballots signed or otherwise authenticated by polling station official
Source: Articles 150 and follow on Law N¼ 834
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 04:43:41 GMT
VC02 What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties listed)
d. Categorical (only one mark allowed)
f. Same ballot papers used nationwide
h. Party symbols in color
o. Ballots signed or otherwise authenticated by polling station official
Source: Articles 150 and follow on Law N¹ 834
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 04:45:09 GMT
VC03 What are the characteristics of ballots used at presidential elections?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties/candidates listed)
d. Categorical (only possible to make one mark)
f. Same ballot papers used nation-wide
h. Party symbols in color
k. Candidate photos in black and white
Source: Law N.834, Articles 170-.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:11:03 GMT
VC04 Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
a. At the polling stations
Source: Law N.834, Articles 221-.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:11:38 GMT
VC05 What procedures are used in the initial count?
a. Separate ballots for different elections
b. Preliminary count of all ballots in ballot box
d. Number of ballots in box reconciled against number of voters
f. Each ballot paper held up for public scrutiny, with name of party/candidate called out loud
g. Single tallying as voters are being called out
h. Double tallying as voters are being called out
i. Tallying by party representative and/or observers as votes are being called out
j. Sorted into piles according to individual party/candidate
l. Counted by hand
m. Sorted by party list
s. Copies of results are provided to party agents
Source: Law N.834, Articles 221-.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:13:17 GMT
VC06 Following the sorting and counting, to where are the results first transmitted for consolidation?
d. Regional level (specify whether it is constituency/ province/ state/ department/other)
Comments: They are transmitted to the Electoral Courts for a provisional calculation elevating the results for the definitive calculation and judgement. In municipal elections the Electoral Courts make the definitive calculation.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 230-.
Last updated: Mon, 19 Jan 2004 13:54:38 GMT
VC07 At what levels are seats allocated?
c. Regional level (specify whether it is constituency/ province/ state/ department/other)
d. National level
Comments: For the lower chamber at department level and for the Senate at the national level.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Articles 221 and 223.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:15:42 GMT
VC08 How are the initial/preliminary polling results transmitted and communicated to the different levels?
a. Physically transported
Source: Law N.834, Articles 230-.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:16:18 GMT
VC09 If the polling results are physically transported, what is transported?
d. Voter rolls
f. Certificate of result
h. Other
Comments: h.) Complaints and incidents.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 230-.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:19:42 GMT
VC10 If the polling results are physically transported, what security measures are used?
b. Tamper proof bags
c. Signatures on sealed envelopes
e. Accompanied by election officials
Source: Law N.834, Articles 230-.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:18:16 GMT
VC11 Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
a. Never recounted
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:20:11 GMT
VC12 If automatically recounted, what is the trigger?
e. Not applicable
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:20:39 GMT
VC13 If ballots are recounted by request, who can make the request?
g. Not applicable
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:20:56 GMT
VC14 If recounted, who conducts the recount?
j. Not applicable
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:21:14 GMT
VC15 Are preliminary results announced?
a. Yes
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:21:29 GMT
VC16 If preliminary results are announced, how long after the close of polls is this done?
a. hours: 4 - 5
Source: Electoral Justice
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 05:15:06 GMT
VC17 Is there a legal requirement for the declaration of the officially certified results?
a. Yes
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:22:00 GMT
VC18 How long after the close of polls is the certified results publicly announced? (if there is no legal requirement enter the average time)
c. weeks:
Comments: Three weeks.
Source: Resolution N.75 of the Supreme Court of Electoral Law in agreement with Law N.635.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 17:22:37 GMT
Voter Education
VE01 Who conducts voter education and information campaigns at the national elections (informing where, when and how to register and vote)?
a. National Electoral Management Body
b. Regional Electoral Management Bodies
c. Local/County Electoral Management Bodies
h. Political parties/ candidates
i. Media
Source: CIDEE (Centro de Información, Documentación y Educación Electoral)
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 02:12:30 GMT
VE02 At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
a. Continuously
Source: CIDEE (Centro de Información, Documentación y Educación Electoral)
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 02:13:59 GMT
VE03 Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
b. Yes, conducted by the National Electoral Management Body
Source: CIDEE (Centro de Información, Documentación y Educación Electoral)
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 02:16:03 GMT
VE04 What types of voter education activities were carried out at the most recent national elections?
a. Poster/ Billboard campaigns
b. Media advertisement
c. Simulation exercises
d. Music and theater
e. Public meetings
g. Internet
h. Other
Comments: One of the spots was made by an artistic group (AbOvo). There were incentives for simulation exercises of electronic vote by tosses.
Source: CIDEE (Centro de Información, Documentación y Educación Electoral)
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 02:21:34 GMT
VE05 What types of civic education activities were carried out at the most recent national elections?
a. Poster/ Billboard campaigns
b. Media advertisement
c. Simulation exercises
e. Public meetings
g. Internet
h. Handouts (printed material)
Source: CIDEE (Centro de Información, Documentación y Educación Electoral)
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 02:24:16 GMT
VE06 Special voter education programs were developed at the most recent national elections for:
a. Disabled
b. Young people/ first time voters
d. Ethnic minorities
e. Indigenous groups
f. Illiterates
Comments: For deaf-mutes a triptych was elaborated.
Source: CIDEE (Centro de Información, Documentación y Educación Electoral)
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:29:54 GMT
Voting Operations
VO02 Is there a code of conduct for election officials?
a. Yes
Comments: The Electoral Code indicates duties and obligations.
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:42:25 GMT
VO03 Where can electors vote?
a. At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections
Source: Law N.834, Article 89.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:42:52 GMT
VO04 Who can vote from outside the country?
a. Outside the country voting is not permitted
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:43:17 GMT
VO05 If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
g. Not applicable
Comments: Voting outside the country is not permitted.
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:43:39 GMT
VO06 Can people vote in advance of the designated national election day(s)?
a. No
Source: Law N. 834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:43:59 GMT
VO07 If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), how may they do so?
f. Not applicable
Comments: Voting in advance of the designated national election day is not permitted.
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:44:25 GMT
VO08 If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), specify who:
g. Not applicable
Comments: Voting in advance of the designated national election day is not permitted.
Source: Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:44:49 GMT
VO09 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
a. Yes
Comments: The electoral district is divided into series of 200 voters. The fraction above 100 forms a new serie and the equal or smaller is added to the last serie.
Source: Law N. 834, Articles 118 and 120.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:45:52 GMT
VO10 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
a. Yes, the maximum capacity is: 300
Source: Articles 118 and 120 Law N¼ 834
Last updated: Wed, 16 Jul 2003 04:28:19 GMT
VO11 How do electors cast their votes?
a. By manually marking the ballot
d. By electronic voting machine
Comments: The Electoral Code regulates manually voting, but with legal autorization was prepare a pilot plan for the last general elections for the use of electronic voting machines in a determinated number of districts.
Source: Article 211 Law N¹ 834 and Resolution N¹ 77/02 of the Superior Court of Electoral Justice.
Last updated: Wed, 30 Jul 2003 14:31:16 GMT
VO12 How many staff are assigned to each polling station?
a. The smallest polling station: 03
b. The largest polling station: 03
Comments: Polling stations are integrated by three members, one president and two vocals.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 176 and 177.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:46:59 GMT
Voter Registration
VR01 What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
c. 18
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Articles 120 and Law N.834, Article 132.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:31:03 GMT
VR02 Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
Comments: e.) Being enroled in the Permanent Civic Register.
Source: National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 120 and Law N.834, Articles 90, 110, 111 and 132.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:32:43 GMT
VR03 What restrictions on registering to vote and voting exist in the country?
a. Criminal Incarceration
c. Detention
d. Mental disability
e. Military Service
h. Other
Comments: Besides, deaf-mutes who cannot make themselves understood, those condemned to electoral disqualification, and those declared in contempt as a result of a criminal cause.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 114 and 217.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:35:57 GMT
VR04 Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
d. Election Management Body (specify)
Comments: Electoral Register Office.
Source: Law N.635, Articles 1 and 26.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:37:05 GMT
VR05 What is the registration method for national elections?
a. National citizens register
Comments: The Permanent Civic Register is composed of two registers, one for residents and one for those living abroad.
Source: Law N.834, Articles 106-.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:39:03 GMT
VR06 How frequently is the voters register updated?
a. Continuously
Comments: Updating is permanent, except in the period betwen 90 days before and 30 days after the elections.
Source: Law N. 834, Article 147.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:39:53 GMT
VR07 What methods are used to compile and update the voters register?
e. Appearance by voter at registration office
g. Data matching with other agencies information
j. Other
Comments: Besides, the communication of judicial resolutions by the courts, data transference by the Identification Department of the National Police and the Civil Register.
Source: Law N.635 and Law N.834.
Last updated: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:40:34 GMT
20/05/2008 07:19
