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Eritrea
- Boundary Delimitation
- Direct Democracy
- Electoral Management
- Electoral Systems
- Legislative Framework
- Media and Elections
- Parties and Candidates
- Vote Counting
- Voter Education
- Voting Operations
- Voter Registration
Boundary Delimitation
BD01 Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
a. Yes
Source: chapter 4 article 13 Eritrea Electoral Laws
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:26:06 UTC
BD03 On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
Comments: Every constituency shall consist of 25,000 dwellers or 12,000 eligible voters; Every constituency designated for the reserved female Assembly seats shall consist of 50,000 dwellers or 24,000 eligible voters; When designating constituencies, the Commission shall take into consideration the balance of ethnic participation and representation;
Source: chapter 4 article 14 Eritrea Electoral Laws
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:26:06 UTC
Direct Democracy
DD01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
a. Name and Title: Dr Chweya
b. Job Title: Research Associate
c. Organisation: African Center For Economic Growth (ACEG)
d. Contact Address. p.o. box 1559-00606 Nairobi
e. Telephone: +254 20 3746909; 3754540; +254 721 421 866
f. Facsimile: +254 20 3754541
g. Email: [email protected]
Last updated: 2005-04-06 07:51:57 UTC
DD02 Which forms of direct democracy, if any, are currently possible at the national level?
Please check the glossary for the definition of the following terms:
a. Mandatory referendum
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-08-26 12:34:09 UTC
DD03 What is the legal basis for mandatory referendums at the national level?
b. Specific laws/legislation
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 07:54:04 UTC
DD04 What is the legal basis for optional referendums at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 07:54:30 UTC
DD05 What is the legal basis for citizens' initiatives at the national level?
b. Specific laws/legislation
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 07:55:03 UTC
DD06 What is the legal basis for agenda initiatives at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 07:55:38 UTC
DD07 What is the legal basis for recalls at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 07:55:59 UTC
DD08 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for mandatory referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
b. Specific laws/legislation
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 07:56:35 UTC
DD09 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for optional referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
e. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 07:57:08 UTC
DD10 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for citizens' initiatives at the national level?
Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
b. Specific laws/legislation
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 07:57:32 UTC
DD100 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for an agenda initiative?
f. Not applicable
Comments: Agenda initiatives are not provided for in law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:09:53 UTC
DD101 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for a recall?
f. Not applicable
Comments: Recalls are not provided for by law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:07:00 UTC
DD103 What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a citizens' initiative?
d. Not applicable
Comments: Citizen's initiatives are not provided for by law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:05:08 UTC
DD104 What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a recall?
d. Not applicable
Comments: Recalls are not provided for by law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:03:20 UTC
DD106 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a referendum?
a. Agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:15:09 UTC
DD107 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in an initiative?
a. Agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:17:13 UTC
DD108 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a recall?
a. Agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:24:47 UTC
DD109 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a referendum?
a. Information booklets
b. Leaflets and pamphlets
c. Radio broadcasts
d. TV broadcasts
e. Press advertisements
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:27:08 UTC
DD11 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for agenda initiatives at the national level?
Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
e. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 07:57:57 UTC
DD110 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for an initiative?
a. Information booklets
b. Leaflets and pamphlets
c. Radio broadcasts
d. TV broadcasts
e. Press advertisements
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:28:26 UTC
DD111 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a recall?
i. Not applicable
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:29:22 UTC
DD112 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a referendum?
a. Compulsory registration of campaigners and campaign groups
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:30:27 UTC
DD113 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in an initiative?
a. Compulsory registration of campaigners and campaign groups
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:31:17 UTC
DD114 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a recall?
h. Not applicable
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:33:11 UTC
DD115 What is the period during which these controls apply for a referendum?
a. Fixed time period (specify)
Comments: within referndum period
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:34:37 UTC
DD116 What is the period during which these controls apply for an initiative?
a. Fixed time period (specify)
Comments: within referndum period
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:39:11 UTC
DD117 What is the period during which these controls apply for a recall?
c. Not applicable
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:41:37 UTC
DD118 Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a referendum? Specify in the “Comments” section below.
b. Selected campaign organisations
Source: http://africanelections.tripod.com/er.html
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:46:33 UTC
DD119 Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for an initiative? Specify in the “Comments” section below.
f. Not applicable
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:22:12 UTC
DD12 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for recalls at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
e. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 07:58:43 UTC
DD120 Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a recall? Specify in the “Comments” section below.
f. Not applicable
Comments: no recall practiced
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:23:56 UTC
DD121 Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a referendum?
Specify in the “Comments” section below.
b. Free media access
c. Free publication space in information document
d. Free mailshot
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:25:49 UTC
DD122 Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for an initiative?
Specify in the “Comments” section below.
b. Free media access
c. Free publication space in information document
d. Free mailshot
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:27:58 UTC
DD123 Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a recall?
Specify in the “Comments” section below.
g. Not applicable
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:28:57 UTC
DD124 If free media access is provided, what are the criteria for allocating broadcast time / printing space?
a. no clear regulation
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:22:47 UTC
DD125 Is the government permitted to campaign either in favour of or against any specific outcome to a referendum, initiatives or recall vote?
a. Yes
Comments: to referendum
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:24:31 UTC
DD126 What restrictions or controls, if any, are there on media coverage of the campaign and/or issue during the relevant period?
a. it must be free and fair to all
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-29 08:26:38 UTC
DD127 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign for a recall?
e. Not applicable
Source: referendum proclammatiom 1993
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:17:28 UTC
DD13 When were direct democracy mechanisms first introduced into the legal framework at the national level?
Date (yyyy)
a. Mandatory referendum 1992
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 07:59:53 UTC
DD14 When was an administrative framework for direct democracy mechanisms first introduced at the national level? Date (yyyy)
a. Mandatory referendum 1992
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:00:30 UTC
DD15 Who is responsible for managing the administration of direct democracy mechanisms at the national level?
b. Independent electoral commission
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:01:06 UTC
DD16 Does this agency/department also manage the administration of national elections?
a. Yes
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:01:37 UTC
DD17 Are mandatory referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:02:15 UTC
DD18 Are optional referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:03:23 UTC
DD19 Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:04:00 UTC
DD20 Are agenda initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:04:40 UTC
DD21 Are recalls currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:05:21 UTC
DD22 Are mandatory referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
a. Yes, in all municipalities/districts/communes
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-08-26 12:44:58 UTC
DD23 Are optional referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:06:10 UTC
DD24 Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
a. Yes, in all municipalities/districts/communes
Source: Eritrean International News Portal
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:07:50 UTC
DD25 Are agenda initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:08:12 UTC
DD26 Are recalls currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
d. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:08:32 UTC
DD27 What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are mandatory at the national level?
d. National sovereignity, national self-determination
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:09:02 UTC
DD28 What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are optional at the national level?
k. None
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:10:43 UTC
DD29 Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level?
j. Other (specify)
Comments: Approval of sovereignty i.e citizens' votes for/against Eritrea becoming an independent and sovereign state
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:12:22 UTC
DD30 Which issues, if any, maybe the subject of sub-national referendums regulated at the national level?
e. None
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:12:54 UTC
DD31 Who can initiate a referendum at the national level?
a. Government
b. EMB
c. President
d. Legislative majority
e. Registered electors
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:42:38 UTC
DD32 Who is responsible for drafting the mandatory referendum question?
b. Independent electoral commission
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992 chapter III article 4(a)
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:43:34 UTC
DD33 Who is responsible for drafting the optional referendum question?
g. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:44:29 UTC
DD34 Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the mandatory referendum question?
a. The title of the proposal
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:45:26 UTC
DD35 Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the optional referendum question?
f. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:46:11 UTC
DD36 Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for mandatory referendums?
b. Independent electoral commission
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992 chapter III article 4(1)(a)
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:47:12 UTC
DD37 Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for optional referendums?
f. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:48:09 UTC
DD38 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a mandatory referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
c. No quorum required X
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:49:40 UTC
DD39 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a optional referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
d. Not applicable X
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:50:26 UTC
DD40 What are the requirements for mandatory referendums to pass?
d. Other (specify below)
Comments: It is not specified
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:51:19 UTC
DD41 What are the requirements for optional referendums to pass?
e. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 08:54:15 UTC
DD43 When is the outcome of a mandatory referendum binding?
b. Under certain circumstances (specify below)
Comments: Whenever no complaints have been recieved within 72 hours after announcing preliminary results
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 09:00:06 UTC
DD45 Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the citizens' initiative process at the national level?
a. Constitutional amendments
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 09:01:56 UTC
DD46 Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the agenda initiative process at the national level?
d. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 09:02:43 UTC
DD49 Who may propose the registration of a citizens' initiative?
Please specify in the “Comments” section below.
a. A number of individuals
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 09:06:03 UTC
DD50 Who may propose the registration of an agenda initiative?
Please specify in the “Comments” section below.
d. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 09:06:49 UTC
DD52 Who determines the title of a citizens' initiative?
e. Other (specify)
Comments: It is provided for in chapter II explaining how the tittle shall be worded
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992 chapter II section 3(2)
Last updated: 2005-04-06 09:09:52 UTC
DD53 Who determines the title of an agenda initiative?
f. Not applicable
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 09:10:44 UTC
DD55 Which services are provided by the agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms before an initiative can be published?
a. Spelling/grammatical checks
b. Drafting actual text for legal measure
c. Translating the title and/or text into other languages
d. Other (specify)
Comments: Administration Publicity Registration of voters
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 09:13:30 UTC
DD56 Under what circumstances is an initiative checked for constitutionality or legality?
a. An automatic check is part of the initiative process
Source: http://www.hafash.org/electorallawdraft.htm
Last updated: 2005-08-26 12:47:46 UTC
DD57 If a check of the constitutionality or legality of an initiative takes place, who is responsible for undertaking it?
b. Independent electoral commission
Source: http://www.hafash.org/electorallawdraft.htm
Last updated: 2005-08-26 12:50:09 UTC
DD58 If a check of the constitutionality or legality of an initiative takes place, when does this happen?
b. After its publication, during the collection of signatures
Source: http://www.hafash.org/electorallawdraft.htm
Last updated: 2005-08-26 12:52:09 UTC
DD59 Which institutions, if any, are given an opportunity to propose an alternative to proposals contained in a citizens’ initiative?
g. Not applicable
Source: http://www.hafash.org/electorallawdraft.htm
Last updated: 2005-08-26 12:53:04 UTC
DD60 At which stage in the initiative process, if at all, can alternative proposals be made?
e. Not applicable
Source: http://www.hafash.org/electorallawdraft.htm
Last updated: 2005-08-26 12:54:35 UTC
DD61 What happens when there is a valid alternative proposal?
a. Only the alternative proposal is qualified for the ballot
Source: http://www.hafash.org/electorallawdraft.htm
Last updated: 2005-08-26 12:55:36 UTC
DD62 When an initiative proposal and an alternative proposal are put to the vote on the same day, what choices does the voter have?
f. Not applicable
Source: : http://election.salaam.co.uk/eritrea.html
Last updated: 2005-08-26 12:59:46 UTC
DD63 Who decides the final ballot text?
b. Agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms
Source: http://election.salaam.co.uk/eritrea.html
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:01:27 UTC
DD64 Once an initiative is qualified for the ballot, the vote on it takes place:
a. Within a certain time limit (specify)
Source: Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
Last updated: 2005-04-06 09:14:40 UTC
DD65 Which of the following individuals/positions may be subject to the recall mechanism?
k. Not applicable
Source: : http://election.salaam.co.uk/eritrea.html
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:03:54 UTC
DD66 What are the grounds upon which a recall may be launched?
g. Not applicable
Source: : http://election.salaam.co.uk/eritrea.html
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:04:44 UTC
DD67 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to the time period in which an individual/position can be recalled?
b. Not applicable x
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:06:33 UTC
DD68 If a recall qualifies for the ballot, when is it put to the vote?
d. Not applicable
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:09:18 UTC
DD69 When does the election to replace an individual who has been recalled take place?
c. Not applicable
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:10:14 UTC
DD70 If a separate ballot to replace an individual who has been recalled takes place, how soon after the recall ballot is it held?
b. Not applicable x
Source: referendum proclammation 1993
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:11:35 UTC
DD71 Can an individual who is the subject of a recall stand on the ballot for his/her own replacement?
c. Not applicable
Comments: Recalls are not provided for by law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:01:32 UTC
DD72 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable x
Source: eritrean election handbook 2001
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:12:56 UTC
DD73 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable x
Source: referendum proclammation 1993
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:14:44 UTC
DD74 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a citizens' initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable X
Comments: Citizen's initiatives are not provided for by law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:03:47 UTC
DD75 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an agenda initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable X
Comments: Agenda initiatives are not provided for by law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:04:36 UTC
DD78 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for a citizens' initiative has been published?
c. Not applicable
Comments: Citizen's initiatives are not provided for by law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:06:41 UTC
DD79 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for an agenda initiative has been published?
c. Not applicable
Comments: Agenda initiatives are not provided for by law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:08:02 UTC
DD82 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
e. Not applicable
Comments: Citizen's initiative is not provided for in law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:13:21 UTC
DD83 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for an agenda initiative?
e. Not applicable
Comments: Agenda initiatives are not provided for by law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:14:36 UTC
DD84 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a recall?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable X
Comments: Recalls are not provided for by law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:16:53 UTC
DD94 What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
e. Not applicable
Comments: Citizen's initiatives are not provided for by law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:18:15 UTC
DD95 What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for an agenda initiative?
e. Not applicable
Comments: Agenda initiatives are not provided for by law
Last updated: 2005-08-26 13:17:17 UTC
Electoral Management
EM01 Please provide the following contact information for the national electoral management body:
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:06:35 UTC
EM02 Does this national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
a. National level
b. Regional level
c. Local level
Comments: Election means electing a person for the National Assembly or the regional assembly;
Source: Eritrean Electoral Law
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:06:35 UTC
EM04 The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
c. The legislature
g. Other
Comments: The Commission shall have a budget approved by the National Assembly. The budget shall be disbursed according to the financial regulations of the Government of Eritrea.
Source: Article 66 of the Eritrea Electoral Law
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:06:35 UTC
EM05 The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
c. The legislature
g. Other
Comments: controller of auditor general and parliamentary accounts committees
Source: Eritrea Electoral Law
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:06:35 UTC
EM06 The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
b. For a term of _________ years
Comments: 5 years
Source: article 58 Eritrea constitution
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:06:35 UTC
EM08 According to official sources, what was the estimated overall cost (in US dollars if available) of the most recent national elections?
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:06:35 UTC
EM09 What was the total number of registered voters or, where there was no voter roll, the estimated number of eligible voters?
a. Total number: none
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:06:35 UTC
Electoral Systems
ES01 How is the Head of State selected?
d. Indirectly elected by legislature
Comments: 1) The National Assembly elects the president directly.
Source: article 41(1) Eritrea constitution
Last updated: 2007-09-28 08:22:36 UTC
ES02 How is the Head of Government selected?
c. Indirectly elected by legislature/chosen by parliament
Source: article 39(1) Eritrea Constitution.
Last updated: 2007-09-28 07:24:56 UTC
ES03 Does the country have a president?
a. Yes
Source: article 39(1) Eritrea constitution.
Last updated: 2007-09-28 07:24:56 UTC
ES04 The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
a. One chamber
Source: Eritrea constitution.
Last updated: 2007-09-28 07:24:56 UTC
ES05 What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
a. Plurality (FPTP)
Source: article 31(3) Eritrea constitution
Last updated: 2007-09-28 08:26:45 UTC
ES11 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 1, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved for:
e. Not applicable x
Last updated: 2007-09-28 07:24:56 UTC
Legislative Framework
LF01 What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
Source: Eritrea constitution.
Last updated: 2007-09-28 12:51:49 UTC
LF03 The national electoral law covers:
a. National elections
b. Regional elections
c. Local elections
d. Referendums
Source: Eritrea constitution. Eritrean Electoral Law
Last updated: 2007-09-28 12:51:49 UTC
LF04 Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
a. Voting is voluntary
Source: article 30(1) Eritrea constitution.
Last updated: 2007-09-28 12:14:00 UTC
Media and Elections
ME01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
a. Name and Title: Dr ludeki chweya
b. Job Title: research associate
c. Organisation: aceg-African Center For Economic Growth
d. Contact Address: p.o. box 1559-00606 Nairobi
e. Telephone: +254 20 3746909; 3754540; +254 721 421 866
f. Facsimile: +254 20 3754541
g. Email: [email protected]
Last updated: 2005-08-26 12:32:00 UTC
ME11 What laws, if any, guarantee freedom of access to public information for representatives of the media?
a. a
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:46:07 UTC
ME13 What are the laws, if any, which govern the operations of the public broadcaster?
Specify the date of the latest version (including latest amendments)
a. The press law proclamation of 1996, commonly called Proclamation 90/98
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:46:07 UTC
ME18 What are the laws, if any, that provide for the safeguards for editorial autonomy in relation to the public broadcaster(s)?
a. a
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:46:07 UTC
ME19 What are the laws, if any, which govern the granting of broadcasting licenses/frequencies to private broadcasters?
a. The press law proclamation of 1996, commonly called Proclamation 90/98
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:46:07 UTC
ME22 What are the legal conditions, if any, under which the activities of a media outlet may be suspended?
a. a
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:46:07 UTC
ME37 What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
g. Other (specify)
Comments: All candidates shall have the right to equally and free-of-charge access and use government owned mass media
Source: Eritrea Electoral law Article 43
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:46:07 UTC
ME38 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
b. The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising x
Comments: The Commission shall cover all expenses related to campaigning for the elections. No private funds shall be allowed for campaigning.
Source: Eritrea Electoral law Article 44
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:46:07 UTC
ME55 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a presidential candidate is permitted to spend on paid advertising?
b. The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising x
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:46:07 UTC
ME56 What are the laws, if any, which govern the disclosure of campaign advertising expenditures by political parties and candidates?
b. There are no laws in this regard x
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:46:07 UTC
ME57 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a media outlet can charge parties/candidates for advertising during the campaign?
b. The law does not specify any limits x
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:46:07 UTC
ME58 How does this maximum amount (identified in question C.15.1) affect the political participation of smaller or newly formed parties?
b. None x
Last updated: 2005-05-12 13:08:44 UTC
ME59 Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
a. Yes, in presidential elections
Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1070813.stm
Last updated: 2005-05-12 12:51:41 UTC
ME60 What legal requirements, if any, regulate the participation of candidates or party representatives in media debates?
a. ......... none
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:46:07 UTC
ME62 What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public?
b. 2-3 days
Comments: Based on directives that the Commission issues, all contestant candidates shall cease election campaign activities three days before Election Day
Source: Eritrea Electoral law Article 45
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:46:07 UTC
Parties and Candidates
PC01 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
g. Not applicable
Comments: Eritrea is a one-party state
Source: http://www.factbites.com/topics/Elections-in-Eritrea
Last updated: 2005-08-26 11:15:12 UTC
PC02 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?
g. Not applicable
Comments: The Eritrean National Assembly has decided not to allow political parties to be created, at least for the near future.
Source: BBC News 2002 available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1796706.stm
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:36:45 UTC
PC03 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
d. Residence
f. Registration
j. Other
Comments: the person has not worked actively with the enemy to perpetrate crimes against the Eritrean people during the independence struggle, or has not collaborated with foreign forces against the sovereignty and unity of Eritrea after independence.
Source: Article 34 of the Eritrea Electoral law
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:36:45 UTC
PC04 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
k. Not applicable
Comments: Unicameral chamber
Source: Chapter IV of constitution
Last updated: 2005-08-26 11:30:26 UTC
PC08 Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
Source: Eritrean Electoral Law Article 35
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:36:45 UTC
Vote Counting
VC04 Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
a. At the polling stations
Source: Article 56 Eritrean electoral law.
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:40:26 UTC
VC11 Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
c. Automatically (triggered) recounted under certain conditions
Source: Eritrea Electoral law Article 56(4).
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:40:26 UTC
Voter Education
VE01 Who conducts voter education and information campaigns at the national elections (informing where, when and how to register and vote)?
a. National Electoral Management Body
Source: article 5 (n) Eritrea electoral law.
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:31:47 UTC
VE02 At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
b. Election time only
Source: Eritrea electoral Law
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:31:47 UTC
Voting Operations
VO03 Where can electors vote?
a. At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections
Source: Article 48 (4) of the Eritrea electoral law
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:26:21 UTC
VO04 Who can vote from outside the country?
b. Citizens residing outside the country
c. Citizens outside the country (including those on vacation)
d. Members of the armed forces
Source: Article 52 of the Eritrea electoral law
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:26:21 UTC
VO05 If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
Source: Article 52 of the Eritrea electoral law
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:26:21 UTC
VO10 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:26:21 UTC
VO11 How do electors cast their votes?
a. By manually marking the ballot
Source: Article 50 Eritrea electoral law
Last updated: 2007-10-02 08:26:21 UTC
Voter Registration
VR01 What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
c. 18
Source: Eritrea constitution article 30(1)
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:42:49 UTC
VR02 Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
a. Citizenship
e. Other
Comments: resident of the constituency, an employee in the constituency area, or assigned in the constituency area to perform his duties; not serving a sentence by a court of law;
Source: Article 18 Eritrea electoral Law
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:42:49 UTC
VR04 Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
d. Election Management Body (specify)
Source: Eritrea Electoral Law
Last updated: 2007-09-28 13:37:21 UTC
May 20, 2008 08:18 AM
