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Media and Elections

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What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties? Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted? What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public? Is there a maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?

Parties receive free broadcast time based on

What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?

What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?

total countries: 187

Answers	# Countries	% Countries	Country List
a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance	81	43.3%	Andorra, Armenia, Angola, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Belarus, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), Cote d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Colombia, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Finland, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Micronesia, Federated States of, Georgia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Croatia, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Republic of, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Mongolia, Mauritius, Malawi, Mexico, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Pakistan, Paraguay, Romania, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Senegal, Sao Tome and Principe, El Salvador, Chad, Thailand, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Taiwan, Ukraine, Uganda, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia,
b. Based on number of candidates put forward in present elections	9	4.8%	Djibouti, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Japan, Mauritania, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Singapore, Uganda, South Africa,
c. Based on result of previous election	14	7.4%	Albania, Argentina, Chile, Germany, Spain, Finland, Greece, Malta, Mexico, Namibia, Seychelles, Senegal, Uganda, South Africa,
d. Based on mixture of principles (specify)	15	8.0%	Australia, Canada, France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Reunion, Seychelles, Slovenia, Tunisia, Turkey, Wallis and Futuna, Mayotte,
e. As agreed by special committee	15	8.0%	Cuba, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Greece, Morocco, Mali, Martinique, New Caledonia, Niger, French Polynesia, Reunion, Wallis and Futuna, Mayotte,
f. Based on size of legislative caucus	0	0.0%
g. Other (specify)	17	9.0%	Andorra, Brazil, Colombia, Cape Verde, Estonia, Eritrea, India, Lesotho, Latvia, Madagascar, Malta, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, San Marino, Togo, Turkmenistan,
h. No information available	61	32.6%	United Arab Emirates, Antigua and Barbuda, American Samoa, Aruba, Barbados, Bulgaria, Bahamas, Botswana, Switzerland, Cook Islands, China, Costa Rica, Dominica, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Western Sahara, Fiji, Grenada, Guatemala, Guam, Guyana, Hong Kong, Honduras, Iraq, Jamaica, Kiribati, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Korea, Republic of, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Marshall Islands, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Malaysia, Norway, Nepal, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Palestine, Palau, Solomon Islands, Sudan, Sweden, Saint Helena, Slovakia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela, Virgin Islands, British, Virgin Islands, U.S., Viet Nam, Samoa, Zimbabwe,
i. Not applicable	7	3.7%	Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bangladesh, Bahrain, Belize, Trinidad and Tobago, Vanuatu,