ACE Electoral Knowledge Network

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Elecciones y Medios 141 materiales

Título	Descripción
Maroc: Constitution du 7 octobre (1996)	Ce document légal est une version française de la Constitution du 7 octobre 1996. Cette loi fut abrogée par la nouvelle Constitution de 2011.
Peru: Final Report, NDI/Carter Center Joint Election Monitoring Project (2000)	The Carter Center and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs promoted a comprehensive international monitoring effort to observe the 2000 elections in Peru. This joint project focused mostly on the pre-election period, the most delicate one. The two institutes identified some issues regarding the lack of media coverage, incidents of intimidation, and unlawful actions by the state security agencies.
Palestine: Election Law no.15 (1995)	This document is an English version of the 1995 Palestinian Electoral Law establishing the basis of the voting system in the Palestinian territories.
South Africa:Elections Regulations and Guidelines (2004)	Regulations relating to party election broadcast, political advertisments, the equitable treatment of political parties by broadcasting licenses and related matters in respect of the 2004 general elections.
Panamá: Mundo Electoral/Electoral World año 1-No. 1, Tribunal Electoral (2008)	Revista bilingüe de publicación cuatrimestral del Tribunal Electoral de Panamá; Four-month bilingual journal published by the Electoral Tribunal of Panama.
Afghanistan Media Law (2004 Dari)	Media Law 2004 Dari.
Armenia: Interim report from the CMI Caucasus Media Institute and Council of Europe on Media Monitoring (2007)	This is an Interim Report on Media Monitoring of Television and Radio Coverage of Political Actors in Armenia: 8-30 April 2007 Inclusive (Phase Three Campaign Period). The report is in English.
Azerbaijan: Distribution of Free Airtime to Presidential Candidates, CEC (2008)	The Central Electoral Commission of Azerbaijan (CEC) distributed through drawing lots free airtime for the Presidential Candidates for 15 October 2008 Presidential elections.
Philippines: The Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility Issues Report [2007]	The Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (CMFR) has issued a report on the May 14 elections for the bicameral legislature and local government officials in the Philippines. The report examines the orders given by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), failings in the election system, and citizens' opinions of the election process.
Iraq: Political Dynamics in Advance of Parliamentary Elections (2005)	The paper "Iraq: Political Dynamics in Advance of Parliamentary Elections" by Zaineb Naji and Daud Salman for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Iraq: Code for Media during Elections	This Code for Media during Elections (the “Code”) regulates specific activities by the Media during the Campaign Period, as such terms are defined herein. It supplements the Iraqi National Communications and Media Commission (NCMC) Interim Broadcasting Programme Code.
Australia: Electoral Advertising (2007)	This is the 15th edition of the "Electoral Backgrounder" published by the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC). The Electoral Backgrounders provide a basic introduction to electoral law, policy and procedures for the information and guidance of all interested parties. This Electoral Backgrounder provides a basic introduction to electoral advertising.
New Zealand: Media Kit for the Parliamentary Elections (2005)	A comprehensive "Media Kit" for the 2005 Parliamentary elections in New Zealand produced by "Elections New Zealand".
Associated Press Managing Editors: Ethics Code	These principles are a model against which news and editorial staff members can measure their performance. They have been formulated in the belief that newspapers and the people who produce them should adhere to the highest standards of ethical and professional conduct.
Standards for EMBs use of the Internet	Challenging the norms and standards of election administration: Standards for EMBs use of the Internet. Draft by Mr Steven Clift. IFES.
Handbook on Media Monitoring (Chapter 1-3, NDI)	The handbook for the Media Monitoring Project of the National Democratic Institute (NDI). This file contains the folowing chapters: 1)Introduction; 2)Initiating a Media Monitoring Project; 3)Planning and Organization.
Slovakia: Media Monitoring Report (1998)	A Sample Media Monitoring Report attached to "the Media Monitoring to Promote Democratic Elections", a handbook for the media monitoring project, published by National Democratic Institute (NDI)
Handbook on Media Monitoring (Chapter 4, NDI)	This is the file of Chapter 4 from the Handbook on Media Monitoring, published by National Democratic Institute (NDI). This Chapter discusses The Basics for Media Monitoring.
Handbook on Media Monitoring (Chapter 5, NDI)	This file contains Chapter 5 of the Handbook on Media Monitoring by the National Democtratic Institute (NDI). This chapter introduces Monitoring Instructions.
Handbook on Media Monitoring (Chapter 6, NDI)	The file features Chapter 6 of the Handbook on Media Monitoring by the National Democtratic Institute (NDI). This chapter covers the sections "Reporting Your Results", "Conclusion" and the Appendices.
ACEEEO recommendation on media coverage of elections	Recommendation on media coverage of elections by the ASSOCIATION OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN ELECTION OFFICIALS (ACEEEO)
Afghanistan: Preliminary Media Monitoring Report, Parliamentary Election Campaign, The Media Commission (2005)	Media Monitoring Report by the Media Commission covering the first two weeks (17 August – 30 August 2005) of the official election campaign. The report includes statistics on media coverage of the various candidates and their campaigns. Coverage of the issues of the candidates is also measured.
Afghanistan: Media Monitoring Report, Parliamentary Election Campaign, The Media Commission (2005)	Media Monitoring Report of the Election Campaign, 17 August - 15 September 2005 by the Media Commission. The report includes statistics on media coverage of the various candidates and their campaigns. Coverage of the issues of the candidates is also measured.
Afghanistan: Media Monitoring Report, Parliamentary Elections, The Media Commission (2005)	Media Monitoring Report of The pre-electoral period (24 July – 16 August 2005) by the Media Commission. The report includes statistics on media coverage of the various candidates and their campaigns. Coverage of the issues of the candidates is also measured.
Bosnia: Specialist Media and Elections Regulator	Article describing the "Media Experts Commission" (MEC) established in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Written by Richard Carver
Bosnia: the Media Monitoring Centre	Article on the role of the Media Monitoring Centre in Bosnia, written by Richard Carver
Commonwealth Election Broadcasting Guidelines (2001)	The "Commonwealth Election Broadcasting Guidelines" published by the Commonwealth Broadcasting Association for the Commonwealth Secretariat (2001).
Commonwealth Press Union - Elections and Election Reporting (2005)	Statement by the Commonwealth Press Union (CPU) about its engagement in advocating and implementing election reporting courses for political and other journalists and providing media election monitoring.
Recommendation on Measures Concerning Media Coverage (Council of Europe, 1999)	This is a recommendation by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to Member States on measures concerning media coverage of election campaigns. It covers measures concerning both the print and broadcast media, and also measures to protect the media during election time. It was adapted by the Committee in 1999.
South Africa: Promoting Gender Equality in and through Media (2002)	This is the case study presented at the United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW) Expert Group Meeting on “Participation and access of women to the media, and the impact of media on, and its use as an instrument for the advancement and empowerment of women”, Beirut, Lebanon, 2002.
Ukraine: Excerpt from the Presidential Election Law on the Use of Media	This document features Article 32 on the "Use of Mass Media in Pre-Election Campaign Publicity" from the Presidential Election Law of Ukraine.
Moldova: Excerpt from Election Code on the Use of Media	This is the article 47 "Pre-election Campaigning" from Election Code in Moldova. This article deals with the use of media during the pre-election period.
Albania: Excerpt from Election Law on the Use of Media (1992, amended in 1997)
Nigeria: Electoral Act Articles Regulating the Use of Media (2002)	This is an excerpt from Electoral Act of Nigeria (from article 92 to article 96), which stipulates what constitutes the electoral offenses in the use of media during the election campaign.
Slovakia: Election Law Article 15 on Pre-Election Campaign
Media Preconditions for Free and Fair Elections (2002)	The article "What are the media preconditions for an election to qualify as being 'free and fair'?" by Guy Berger prepared as a discussion document for the "South African National Editor's Forum" (SANEF) in 2002. The article sets six conditions to be met by the media for free and fair elections.
Hungary: Code of Conduct for Internet Content Providers (2002)	The Code of Conduct formulated by the Hungarian Association of Content Providers (MTE) in cooperation with the National Election Committee sets forth the liability and duties of Content Providers, political advertisement using Internet, pre-election media blackout and opinion polls.
IDEA draft code of conduct on media and elections	This draft code of conduct covers obligations to individual journalists, editers and owners, political parties and candidates and election management bodies.
Ukraine: IMI Article 19, Election Monitoring Newsletter (2005)	IMI A 19 Newsletter, NO. 11, 28. Sept 2005. The newsletter highlights some of the trends in the Ukrainian persidential candidates' access to media, and media coverage of the campaign period of August to November 2005.
Communications Planning (IMPACS)	An article that examines the communications planning strategies for non-profit organisations. This is written by the "Institute for Media, Policy and Civil Society" (IMPACS)
Media Communications Toolkit (IMPACS)	This Toolkit developed by the "Institute for Media, Policy and Civil Society" (IMPACS) examines various media tools used in election coverage, suc as: ads, news release, media conference, and more.
Effective Media Communications Skills (IMPACS)	This article written by the Institute for Media, Policy and Civil Society (IMPACS) discusses what needs to be taken into consideration when organisations are planning to issue news releases, conduct interviews, and so on. Some checklists and sample formats are also included.
Iraq: A Reporter's Guide to Election Coverage (2005)	Journalists Manual published by several organisations, such as UNESCO, INSI, Index on Censorship and many individuals. This manual contains the first edition of documents covering the election process in Iraq.
Italy: An Existing Regulatory Body	article on different procedures for the public and private media (written by Richard Carver)
Malawi: Electoral Commission as Media Regulator (1994)	The electoral commission's roles as a media regulator in the 1994 presidential and parliamentary elections in Malawi (written by Richard Carver)
South Africa: Media and Election Reporting in South Africa (2004)	Seminar Report by the German Foundation Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung
Elections Reporting Handbook (IMPACS 2004)	The handbook "Elections Reporting Handbook" by the Institute for Media, Policy and Civil Society (IMPACS)
Media and Elections Case Studies	A comprehensive analysis on media and elections edited by Christophoros Christophorou, commissioned by the European Institute for the Media. Case studies are mostly from Europe.
Report on the Proceeding: Media and Elections (IMPACS 2001)	The file "Report on the Proceedings: Media and elections - The IMPACS 2001 roundtable" by the Institute for Media, Policy and Civil Society (IMPACS), Vancouver, B.C. by Ross Howard
Zimbabwe: A Report on Press Practices and Ethics (2002)	The report "Free and Fair: an Ambition for Press Reporting" prepared by the media observation team and submitted to the Commonwealth Press Union (CPU). The primary mandate of the observation team was to monitor Zimbabwe newspapers.
Mediate the Conflict (IMPACS 2002)	This is a keynote address by Ross Howard, a project manager for the Institute for Media, Policy and Civil Society (IMPACS), to a seminar on the role of the media in peacebuilding. It discusses the neutrality and impartiality of the media and the media's potential roles in peacebuilding.
Methodology of Monitoring Broadcast and Print Media (2003)	Paper by MEMO98, a slovakian NGO, outlining a methodology to monitor the media broadcast and the print media reporting about political parties and candidates.
Barbados: Law on Election Broadcasting (1990)	This is the general election regulation in Barbados that sets the allocation of time for political broadcast.
Bosnia: Media Monitoring Methodology	Document describing the methodology used by the Media Monitoring Center (MMC) in Bosnia Herzegovina
Cambodia: Media and Elections Guidelines (UNTAC 1992)	Media guidelines for Cambodia, drafted by the Information/Education Division of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) in 1992
Indonesia: sample press materials from election authority (1998)	This is a copy of the list of contents from Media Information Kits for the Indonesia's General Election in 1998.
International Federation of Journalists: Election Reporting Handbook	a media for democracy handbook
Malawi: Election Reporting Guidelines - Election Commission (1994)	Procedures for media coverage of Parliamentary and Presidential Elections
Serbia and Montenegro: Law on State Election Broadcasting (1998)	Resolution on rules for political parties' presentation in public media founded by state during the election campaign in Montenegro
South Africa: IBA Guidelines on election coverage (1999)	guidelines published by the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) on election coverage
South Africa: IBA Guidelines for broadcast licensees (1999)	This is the guideline provided by South Africa's Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) that determines how Party Election Broadcasts on national and regional radio stations should be allocated.
South Africa: IBA Formula for allocating party broadcasting (1999)	guideline published by the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) on party broadcasting
United Kingdom: BBC guidelines on election coverage	BBC producer's guidlines 1993 - selected extracts ("Broadcasting during the Elections" and "Opinion Polls")
UN Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression: Report 1999	Report from the 55th session's meeting of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, covering civil and political rights. The report also covers of freedom of expression (Report of the Special Rapporteur on the protection and promotion of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, by Mr. Abid Hussain)
International Treaties on Media and Elections
Mongolia: Media and Election Laws	This is an excerpt from election laws in Mongolia. This English version was made available in the website of Globe International NGO.
Namibia: Code of Ethics for Media	The "Code of Ethics" for the Namibian Media covers a number of subjects, such as accurate reporting, corrections, right of reply, the definition of public interests, the protection of privacy, and more.
New Zealand: Media Kit (2005)	General Information for the media for the 2005 general elections in New Zealand, compiled by the Chief Electoral Office. This information kit contains key dates, statistics and information.
United States: Questionnaire for Voters on Presidential Primary (2004)	This questionnaire was distributed to the voters in New Hampshire during the Democratic Party's primaries for the Presidential elections in 2004, voters were asked to complete it after casting a vote. The survey was conducted by Edison Media Research/Mitofsky International and used by National Election Pool.
Coverage of Opinion Polls	This is an article on the use of opinion polls (written by Richard Carver).
Questions to Ask About Opinion Polling	This is an article written by Richard Carver regarding how to read and use the opinion poll results. It includes the questions that journalists need to ask when they use the results of opinion polls (who conducted the poll and how, etc.).
Sri Lanka: Report of the Election Media Monitoring Team (CPU, 2000)	This is a report of the Election Media Monitoring Team of the Commonwealth Press Union (CPU) in Sri Lanka during elections in October 2000.
An Example of SWOT analysis	An example of "Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats" (SWOT) Analysis, a technique commonly used in communication planning, that can be also used for EMB's communication planning, by Richard Carver.
SWOT table	An example of SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats - A technique commonly used in communication planning, that can be also used for EMB's communication planning) (written by Richard Carver)
Gambia: Timeline to communicate the key messages of communications plan (2004)	Table containing information put together by the EMB in Gambia on timing, messages and techniques to create a specific plan to communicate the key messages of the communications plan stating what needed to be done when and by whom.
United Kingdom: Self-Regulation for election broadcasting	An article on UK's long operating system of self-regulation for election broadcasting and criticisms toward it (written by Richard Carver)
United Kingdom: Voluntary Guidelines on Reporting Opinion Polls	This is an article on BBC's internal guidelines on opinion polls (written by Richard Carver).
United Kingdom: Wokingham District Council - Election Fact Pack (2005)	Sample of an election fact pack for journalists by the Wokingham District Council
Media and Elections Project - Central and Eastern European Countries	This preparatory study on the regulatory framework for media coverage of elections in Central and Eastern Europe is commissioned by the Association of Central and Eastern European Election Officials (ACEEEO). It consists of three parts: (i) an explanatory report to the questionnaire on the legal framework in relation to media coverage of elections in Central and Eastern Europe, (ii) the draft questionnaire itself and (iii) a bibliography.
Bosnia: The Operations of the Regulator on Hate Speech	(written by Richard Carver)
Canada: Paid Political Advertising	(written by Richard Carver)
ARTICLE19 Election Reporting Guidelines	Guidelines for broadcast coverage of election campaigns in transitional democracies
Brazil: Law on Election Broadcasting	The document presents the Law on Election Broadcasting of Brazil (note: the size of this file is very big: 46MB)
United Kingdom: Decision of Broadcasting Standards Commission (1)	complaint case against British National Party Election Broadcast
Rwanda: Hate Speech	article on Radio television libre des mille collines (RTLM)'s hate speech in Rwanda conflict (written by Richard Carver)
South Africa: A Formula for Allocating Direct Access Slots	(written by Richard Carver)
United Kingdom: The Operations of the Regulator on Hate Speech	(written by Richard Carver)
Tanzania: Media Code of Conduct (2000)	media code of conduct for election reporting 2000
Nigeria: Final Report, State and Federal Elections, Commonwealth Secretariat (2007)	This report, released by the Commonwealth Observer Group, is the result of an electoral observation mission in Nigeria. The mission observed the State and Federal elections held on the 14 and 21 of April in 2007. The Observer Group first presents the political background of Nigeria, and then focuses on key issues regarding the framework and the preparations for the elections. The Group takes a closer look at the role of the media, and at certain issues of the election campaign, like the role of women. In presenting the final results, the report make a number of important reccomendations.
Sudan: National Elections Act (2008)	This document is an unofficial English translation of the Sudan Electoral Law of 2008. The text regulates the activities and institutions related to electoral processes.
Ecuador: Resolución de publicidad electoral para la Consulta Popular 2011 (2011)	Documento legal donde se plantean los lineamientos que el Estado seguirá para brindar igualitariamente espacios comunicacionales en medios de difusión masiva.
An Election Handbook for Caribbean Journalists (2009)	A handbook designed by journalists to improve and enhance media coverage of elections in the English-speaking Caribbean. It is intended as a supplement to other information available on the topic
Election Resources, The Communication Initiative Network	Links to resources available through the Communication Initiative Network. Menus allow you to filter publications by topic area.
Guyana: Analysis of the Media, 2001 Elections, GECOM	The report of the Media Monitoring Unit (MMU) established within the Guyana Elections Commission (GECOM) with the assistance of external donors. Its purpose was to monitor and analyse the capacity of Guyana’s newspapers, radio and television stations. Using the voluntarily agreed Media Code of Conduct as the objective basis for analysis, the MMU assessments were made available to other monitoring bodies, the media, political parties, special interest organisations and the public at large. The assessments analysed the extent to which media fulfilled their agreed obligations to cover and report on the election period in a free, fair and balanced manner.
République Démocratique du Congo: Directives du Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel et de la Communication pour la campagne électorale à travers les médias (2011)	Ces directives établissent les codes de bonne conduite pour les médias lors de la campagne électorale de 2011.
République Démocratique du Congo: Loi organique no 11/001 portant composition, attribution et fonctionnement du Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel et de la Communication (2011)	Cette loi institue l'organe devant régir les médias en République Démocratique du Congo. Le texte inclut des provisions traitant du rôle et des responsabilités des médias lors des périodes électorales.
البحرين: المجموعة التشريعية لانتخابات 2010 ، هيئة التشريع والافتاء القانوني (2010)	يضم هذا الكتيب كافة التشريعات الخاصة بالانتخابات النيابية والبلدية لعام 2010 اضافة الى التشريعان الخصة بالاعلانات والدعاية الانتخابية .
Iraq: Regulations for the Kurdistan region elections (2009)	This document contains the English versions of ten regulations passed for the 2009 Kurdistan regional elections.
Tunisie: Arrêté du 03 septembre 2011 fixant les conditions de production, de programmation et de diffusion des émissions radiophoniques et télévisées relatives à la campagne électorale (2011)	Ce document est une traduction officielle publiée par l’Instance supérieure Indépendante pour les Élections de la Tunisie.
Tunisie: Arrêté du 03 septembre 2011 fixant les règles auxquelles les médias audiovisuels doivent se conformer pendant la campagne électorale (2011)	Ce document est une traduction officielle publiée par l’Instance supérieure Indépendante pour les Élections de la Tunisie.
Iraq: Regulations for the elections (2008)	This document contains all the regulations passed for the 2008 elections in Iraq.
Iraq: Regulation no. 19, Media Campaign (2009)	This legal document regulates the media coverage of the elections and the activities during the electoral campaing in Iraq.
Iraq: Regulation no. 20, The system of Iraqi OCV of the Iraqi COR (2010)	This regulation establishes the different procedures for the out-of-country voting, the media coverage, the electoral campaing and the application of the Law in foreign countries.
Moldova: Electoral Campaign picture, April 2009	Vote! On the 5th April 2009
Moldova: Electoral Campaign picture, April 2009	Vote! 5th April 2009
Guyana: Media Code of Conduct (2001)	This code of conduct is addressed to the media covering the 2001 Guyana General and Regional Elections. The stakeholders are expected to respect the laws in order to assure the fairness of the elections.
Ballot Update by Zimbabwe Election Support Network (ZESN), (2011)	An update by Zimbabwe Election Support Network (ZESN) on the latest developments in Zimbanwe. Its cover the period, May - June 2011.
Niue: Laws, Volume 4, Subsidiary Legislation, Legislations as at December (2006)	This document contains the fourth volume of the Niue Laws compilation including the Subsidiary Legislation. The legislative texts were compiled by Professor AH Angelo with the assistance of Nicola Scott.
Palestine: Decree of September 2 on Election Law (2007)	This document is the English version of the Decree of 2 September 2007 pertaining the general elections. This Law established the regulations for the general elections in the Palestinian territories.
Palestine: Local Elections Law no.10 (2005)	This document is an English version of the Palestinian Local Elections Law. Under this law, the Central Elections Commission is also in charge of administrating the elections on a local level.
Tunisie: Recueil des textes juridiques relatifs aux élections de l’assemblée nationale constituante (2011)	Ce document est un recueil de textes juridiques en français et en arabe. Les lois mentionnées étaient en vigueur lors des élections de l’Assemblée Nationale Constituante de la Tunisie en 2011. Le recueil comprend 15 lois portant sur les pouvoirs publics, l’Instance Supérieure Indépendante pour les Élections, les dépenses électorales, les partis politiques, les médias ainsi que les opérations de vote.
Iraq: Factsheets, IHEC and UNAMI Office of Electoral Assistance (2009-2010)	This document contains 26 factsheets about the Iraqi electoral system and voting procedures. The numerous documents give information about specific subjects such as: election and security, the nomination of candidates, the eligibility to vote, the fraud mitigation measures, out-of-country voting, the legal framework, voter education, ballots and also the pooling and counting procedures.
Shadowy campaign financing will mire Iraq's democratic elections, Open Democracy (2010)	This article focuses on the resources of financing and propaganda campaigns in the Iraqi elections 2010.
The Communication Initiative Network:Elections	The Communication Initiative Network is an online forum for people and organizations involved in supporting communication as a strategy for economic and social development. This page includes links to resources related to the role of journalists and media more generally, in elections. The resources refer to a number of regions and countries and concern issues including the representation of women and conflict and election reporting.
A Touchpad to our Future: An Election Resource for Journalists (2009)	An information guide for journalists from the print, broadcast or online media published by the Open Society Foundation for South Africa. It was produced with aim of building journalists' capacity to prepare for and report on the 2009 elections in South Africa.
Election Campaigns, Balance, and the Mass Media (2008)	A paper published for a conference on “The Role of the News Media in the Governance Reform Agenda", it discusses the role of media in four democracies in transition:Mexico, Turkey, Russia, and Kenya. It discusses the role of media in creating political bias or affecting voter turnout. It confronts the problem of balance in reporting, especially in transitional situations.
Afghanistan: Electoral Law (2005)	This document is an unofficial English translation of the Afghanistan Electoral Law of 2005. The text regulates the activities related to electoral processes and has special provisions regarding the country’s transitional period.
Somaliland: Code of Conduct for Political Parties (2005)	This document is the English version of the Somaliland Code of Conduct for Political Parties. The legal text, developed by the electoral commission and the three Somaliland parties, aims to prevent political parties from adopting practices which could undermine democracy and the fairness of the electoral processes.
Timor-Leste: News Media Observation Mission Report, Overview, New Zealand Elections Commission Delegation (2007)	This is an overview, prepared beforehand, of the specialist news media focused election observation fielded by New Zealand at the 2007 Timor-Leste elections.
Timor-Leste: New Zealand Delegation Media Observation Mission Stage One Report, Presidential Elections (2007)	This is a first-stage bilingual report issued ahead of the presidential run-off election, from the specialist news media focused election observation fielded by New Zealand at the 2007 Timor-Leste elections.
Timor-Leste: New Zealand Delegation Media Observation Mission Report, Elections Stage Two (2007)	This is the second-stage report from the specialist news media focused election observation fielded by New Zealand at the 2007 Timor-Leste elections. It includes a parliamentary election-eve communiqué, along with detailed methodology, exposition and analysis.
Croatia: Act on the Financing of Political Parties, Independent Lists and Candidates, 15 December (2006)	The Act on the Financing of Political Parties, Independent Lists and Candidates (No.: 006-01/06-02/01, Zagreb, 15 December 2006)
Fiji: Media Accreditation (2006)	This document gives information on the different steps that has to be followed in order to be accredited as a medium. The second page contains the accreditation form.
Maroc: Loi 64-02 modifiant et complétant la Loi 9-97 formant code électoral (2003)	Ce document est une version française de la Loi 64-02 changeant et complétant certains articles du code électoral marocain.
Mauritanie: Constitution (2006)	Ce document est une version en français de la Constitution de la République Islamique de Mauritanie. Le document inclut les amendements ayant été proposés pour la révision de la Constitution en 2006.
Maroc: Loi 9-97 du 2 avril formant code électoral (1997)	Cette loi définit les particularités du système électoral marocain. La loi 9-97 visait à réformer les institutions marocaines et s'inscrit dans le processus de révision de la constitution entamé en 1996.
How to improve the state of Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa	This study, spanning the entire region as well as several theoretical areas, includes case studies and practical considerations and presumes to exhaust the topic of the state of democracy in MENA. It summarizes the reforms in the region, but talk of the challenges ahead, both from the society’s and the state’s standpoint. It covers the entire region and covers a multiple of countries in a comparative manner.
Circulation and Politicization of the Print Media in Kosovo (OSCE, 2010)	A report made by the “Kosovar Institute for Policy Research and Development (KIPRED)” as the implementing partner of the OSCE Mission in Kosovo project, "Technical Assistance to the Press Council of Kosovo”.
Palestine: Elections Law no.9 (2005)	This document is an English version of the Palestinian Electoral Law no.9 of 2005. The legislation establishes women quotas within electoral lists. Certain prepositions mention that the electoral system is mixed and therefore based equally on the principles of relative majority and proportional representation.
Somaliland: Press Code of Conduct for Coverage of the Somaliland Elections (2005)	This document is the English version of the Somaliland code of conduct for the press coverage of the 2005 elections. The text recognizes the importance of the media coverage for voter education and public information purposes. The code aims to introduce good practices which would guaranty a fair and impartial coverage of the election while advocating for the principle of editorial freedom.
Uganda: Final Report, Presidential and Parliamentary Elections, Commonwealth Secretariat (2006)	This report was published by the Commonwealth Observer Group after the 2006 elections. The report describes the preparations for the elections, and focuses in particular on the political campaign and the role of the media. Even though the observers were able to find some serious irregularities and shortcomings, the Electoral Commission worked efficiently and successfully. Furthermore, the newly established multi-party system was hardly tested: the opposition parties were handicapped by the lack of public funding and of media coverage. However, these elections represent a fundamental moment in Uganda's democratic transition.
New Zealand: Broadcasting Act (2010)	This is the 1989 Broadcasting Act with its amendments until 2010.
New Zealand: Media Handbook (2011)	This handbook gives information on the media's obligations and responsabilities during the 2011 general elections period.
Maldives: Final Report, Parliamentary Elections, Commonwealth Secretariat (2005)	This is a report published by the Commonwealth Expert team following the 2005 electoral observation mission in Maldives. The report briefly presents the political system of the country, and the pre-election events. The elections organization and management were marginally effected by the Tsunami, even though the reconstruction was not completed: it was a period of socio-economic change. The observation mission realized that freedom of expression and press was not respected. Great challenges undermined the success of these elections, like the lack of a multi-party system and a strong dominance of the government bodies. These elections were actually a part of a broader and ongoing institutional reforms process.
Palestine: Media Guidebook (2006)	This document is a media guidebook giving information about the media services and the codes of conduct during the Palestinian electoral campaigns.
Jamaica: Domestic Election Observers Workshop, Comonwealth Secretariat (1999)	This document is the report of a workshop organized by the Commonwealth Secretariat in Jamaica. The meeting aimed to share knowledge on domestic election observation.
République Démocratique du Congo: Code de déontologie et d'éthique du journaliste congolais (2006)	Cette loi établit le code de bonne conduite pour les journalistes congolais. Le texte accorde une attention particulière au rôle que les journalistes ont d'informer la population.
Marshall Islands: Revised Code, Political Broadcast Access Act (2004)	This revised version of the Political Broadcast Access Act regulates the access to communication channels for political parties and candidates in the Marshall Islands.
Yemen: Law no 25 on Press and Publications (1990)	This document is an English version of the 1990 Press and Publications Law establishing the rules, regulations and obligations for foreign and local journalists working in Yemen.
Tunisie: Code de conduite des journalistes (2011)	Ce document est une traduction officielle publiée par l’Instance Supérieure Indépendante pour les Élections de la Tunisie.
Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) Regulations on municipal elections broadcasting (2011)	The document contains regulations by the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) Regulations on municipal elections broadcasting.