ACE Electoral Knowledge Network

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Systèmes électoraux 142 materiales

Título	Descripción
Papua New Guinea: General Elections, Domestic Observation Report, The National Research Institute (2009)	This is an electoral observation report released by the National Research Institute of Papua New Guinea. In 2007, The seventh general elections were held in Papua New Guinea, and Sir Micheal Somare was re-elected Prime Minister. These elections were very important for the country because for the first time a new electoral system was introduced: the the new Limited Preferential Voting (LPV) system replaced the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system. For the first time domestic electoral observers were deployed in polling stations all around the country. The National Research Institute concluded that overall the 2007 elections were well-managed and peaceful, even though election fraud and malpractice continue to be an issue in some regions of the country.
Peru: Boletín INFOGOB- Observatorio para la Gobernalidad (2010)	Boletín INFOGOB
Peru: Boletín INFOGOB - Elecciones Regionales y Municipales (2009)	Boletín INFOGOB sobre elecciones regionales y municipales 2010
République Démocratique du Congo: Loi portant répartition des sièges par circonscription électorale pour les élections législatives et provinciales (2011)	Cette loi établit le nombre de sièges devant être attribué par circonscription électorale pour les élections législatives et provinciales.
Vanuatu: Municipal Council Elections Regulations (2006)	This document is the 2006 consolidated edition of the Municipal Council Elections Regulations of Vanuatu. The municipal electoral system is based on the proportional representation principal.
Argentina: Historia Electoral Argentina (1912-2007)	Publicación realizada por la Subsecretaria de Asuntos Políticos y Electorales del Ministerio del Interior de la República Argentina
South Africa: Electoral System Design and Conflict Management in Africa	The paper "Electoral System Design and Conflict Management in Africa" by Andrew Reynolds (1994)
Bolivia: Estudio del sistema electoral (2005).	Estudio del sistema electoral titulado "La Representación en la Asamblea Constituyente" realizado por Carlos Cordero Carraffa.
Canada: The Case for Electoral Reform in British Columbia	The Final Report on British Columbia Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform, which recommended the adoption of the single transferable vote system for this province.
Perú: Cuadernos para el diálogo N°4- La Arquitectura de la Democracia: ¿Presidencialismo o Semi-presidencialismo? (2007)	Publicación realizada por la Escuela Electoral y de Gobernabilidad del Jurado Nacional de Elecciones conjuntamente con el Instituto Universitario Ortega y Gasset de España. Autor: Antonio Garrido
Perú: Cuadernos para el diálogo N°12- "La importancia de la oposición política democrática" (2007)	Publicación realizada por la Escuela Electoral y de Gobernabilidad del Jurado Nacional de Elecciones conjuntamente con el Instituto Universitario Ortega y Gasset de España. Autor:Armando Román Zozaya
Perú:Cuadernos para el diálogo N°16- "Cultura política democrática en el Perú" (2007)	Publicación realizada por la Escuela Electoral y de Gobernabilidad del Jurado Nacional de Elecciones conjuntamente con el Instituto Universitario Ortega y Gasset de España. Autor: Martín Tanaka
Perú:"El Sistema Electoral Peruano" (2009)	Artículo escrito por el Presidente del Jurado Nacional de Elecciones de Perú, Dr. Hugo Sivina Hurtado, en el cual se describen las particularidades y características del actual sistema electoral en Perú.
United States: The Electoral College	The paper "Electoral College"by William C. Kimberling, Deputy Director of the FEC Office of Election Administration
Bangladesh: ‘Voting No Vote! Think again’ (2007)	The Election Commission (EC) of Bangladesh disclosed a draft proposal in June 2007 for introducing a system for casting ‘No Vote’ in parliamentary elections to express voters' lack of confidence in the contesting candidates in a constituency. This is an article written by Md. Golam Mostofa, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Indonesia: Questions about the Electoral System (2003)	The paper "Some Questions about the Electoral System for the 2004 Indonesian General Elections Answered" by Alan Wall (IFES) examines in depth perceived problems with Indonesia's electoral system.
Japan: Examining the Process of the 1994 Japanese Electoral Reform	The paper "Examining the Process of the 1994 Japanese Electoral Reform" written by Jo K.Iwasaki (The London School of Economic and Political Science).
Japan: Description of the Electoral System	A description of Japan's electoral system, of elections and political funding and of the electoral districts
Japan: Electoral Reform	A case study on the Japan's electoral system written by Stephen Reed in 1997 for the "Admnistration and Cost of Elections" (ACE) Project - version 1.
Japan: Japanese Electoral Politics: Reform, Results, and Prospects for the Future	The paper "Japanese Electoral Politics: Reform, Results, and Prospects for the Future" by Joe Michael Sasanuma
Cambodia: Cambodia’s Electoral System: A Window of Opportunity for Reform"	The paper "Cambodia’s Electoral System: A Window of Opportunity for Reform" by Jeffrey Gallup (foreword by Kassie Neou) identifies and recommends possible areas for improvement in the Cambodian electoral system.
Malaysia:‘Managing’ Elections in a Plural Society	The paper "Electoral Politics in Malaysia:‘Managing’ Elections in a Plural Society" by Lim Hong Hai examines the electoral system in Malaysia, offering an historycal overview of the electoral process in this country.
Denmark: Information About Parliamentary Elections and Election Administration (1995)	This publication has two aims. First, to provide a brief description in English of the Danish electoral system of proportional representation (PR) for the Folketing, the Danish unicameral parliament; second, to give an account of the current national election administration system. Special emphasis is given to items which are considered particularly interesting in a comparative perspective, such as the establishment and updating of an electoral register, and the handling of advance voting.
Poland: Electoral system simulation (2006)	This thesis was written by Monika Szalek and it projects the difference in representation of the different parties in the Polish legislature after a simulated change of electoral system from List PR to FPTP. (In Polish)
Romania: The Political Background (1997)	This article gives a background of the political events that shaped the ensuing climate in Romania in the years following the fall of communism.
The effect of Electoral Rules on Distributive Voting: some evidence from the Russian State Duma (1994-2003)	The Paper "The effect of Electoral Rules on Distributive Voting: some evidence from the Russian State Duma (1994-2003)" written by Jana Kunicová (California Institute of Technology) and by Thomas F. Remington (Emory University).
Iraq: Increasing Women’s Representation in Iraq - What strategies would work best?	This paper by Pippa Norris (Harvard University, prepared for the National Endowment for Democracy) examines possible strategies for increasing women’s representation in Iraq (February 2004)
Iraq: An Electoral System for Iraq	This paper written by David Chapman for the Democracy Design Forum (Suffolk, U.K. June 2004) examines the electoral system adopted for the 2005 National Assembly elections in a divided society like Iraq.
Iraq: Country Report	A comprehensive Country Report on Iraq published in October 2004 by the Country Information & Policy Unit - Immigration & Nationality Directorate of the Home Office in the United Kingdom. Among other aspects, it covers the electoral and political systems in this country.
Iraq: Electoral Fact Sheet	This electoral fact sheet was prepared by the Electoral Assistance Division of the United Nations. It provides a wealth of useful information on the 2005 electoral process in this country.
Iraq: Iraq's Electoral System: A Misguided Strategy	A paper on Iraq's Electoral System by Michael Rubin for the Arab Reform Bulletin (September 2004). Middle East Forum.
Iraq: Considerations for Electoral System for Iraq's Transitional Period	This paper edited by Sama Hadad for the Iraqi Prospect Organization (IPO) examines the electoral system adopted for Iraq’s transition period, providing a set of recommendations.
Iraq: IDEA - Key Options in Iraq's Democratisation Process	The present document consists of three different policy briefings on constitution-building processes, electoral system design and political parties in divided societies from International IDEA.
Iraq: IDEA - Key Options in Iraq's Democratisation Process (Arabic)	The present document consists of three different policy briefings on constitution-building processes, electoral system design and political parties in divided societies from International IDEA.
Iraq: Women Quotas in Iraq	A brief document from the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) examining the quota system adopted for the 2005 National Assembly elections in Iraq.
Lebanese electoral system - Briefing Paper #1	IFES-Lebanon is compiling a series of briefing papers providing background information on the Lebanese electoral system and some of the key issues relating to the electoral process. The first of such papers delineates the distribution of parliamentary seats by confession and provides a break down of the confessional districts in Lebanon with special emphasis on those in Beirut. It also includes an example on the electoral system in practice and an overview of the Lebanese ballot papers and the electoral lists.
ٌقانون الانتخابات النيابية رقم 25	قانون الانتخابات النيابية اللبنانية
Australia: The Founders of Our Electoral System	The "Founders of Our Electoral System", from the Tasmanian Parliamentary Library, provides on overview of the origins of Australia's electoral system
Papua New Guinea: Poster on Limited Preferential Voting (LPV) System	This poster produced by the Electoral Commission of Papua New Guinea clarifies to voters how to mark a ballot under the Limited Preferential Voting (LPV) System and how the votes will be counted.
Papua New Guinea: Leaflet on Limited Preferential Voting System	This leaflet produced by the Electoral Commission of Papua New Guinea, explains different aspects and the advantages and disadvantages of the Limited Preferential Voting (LPV) System
Electoral Choices for Divided Societies: Moderation through constituency pooling and vote pooling	A paper by Matthijs Bogaards (Department of Politics, University of Southampton) prepared for Workshop on “Parties, Party Systems and Democratic Consolidation in the Third World” (2001).
Governance in Post-Conflict Situations: Electoral Systems and Processes (UNDP)	Chapter III of this paper by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) examines electoral systems and processes in post-conflict situations.
Electoral Systems and Conflict Management: Comparing STV and AV Systems	The paper "Electoral Systems and Conflict Management: Comparing STV and AV Systems" by Benjamin Reilly, Research Fellow at the National Centre for Development Studies, Australian National University Canberra.
Electoral Systems and the Management of Ethnic Conflict in Africa	The paper "Electoral Systems and the Management of Ethnic Conflict in Africa" was written by Timothy Murithi from the Keele University
Fact Sheet on the Citizen's Assembly's recommended STV model (2004)
Canada: British Columbia - Empowered Citizen Participation	This case study presents the unique experiment undertaken by the Canadian province of British Columbia, a process on electoral reform: the government gave a randomly selected group of citizens - the "Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform" - the opportunity and responsibility to independently review the electoral system and have its recommendations submitted to the public for approval at a referendum.
The Role of Electoral Systems in the Resolution of Ethnic Conflict	This paper by David Chapman for the "Democracy Design Forum" explores the role of electoral systems in the resoution of ethnic conflicts.
China: Village Committee Elections: First Steps on a Long March?	Case study on the role of Village Commitees in China, written by Dong Lisheng and Jørgen Elklit
Counting under STV
Canada: British Columbia Citizen's Assembly's final report recommending STV (Punjabi) (2004)	This report presents the recommedations of the "Citizen's Assembly on Electoral Reform" of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is based on the government's experiment to let a group of randomly selected citizens - the "Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform" - independently review the electoral system and have its recommendations submitted to the public for approval at a referendum.
Canada: British Columbia Citizen's Assembly's final report recommending STV (Chinese) (2004)	This report presents the recommedations of the "Citizen's Assembly on Electoral Reform" of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is based on the government's experiment to let a group of randomly selected citizens - the "Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform" - independently review the electoral system and have its recommendations submitted to the public for approval at a referendum.
Canada: British Columbia Citizen's Assembly's final report recommending STV (French) (2004)	This report presents the recommedations of the "Citizen's Assembly on Electoral Reform" of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is based on the government's experiment to let a group of randomly selected citizens - the "Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform" - independently review the electoral system and have its recommendations submitted to the public for approval at a referendum.
Canada: British Columbia Citizen's Assembly's final report recommending STV (English) (2004)	This report presents the recommedations of the "Citizen's Assembly on Electoral Reform" of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is based on the government's experiment to let a group of randomly selected citizens - the "Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform" - independently review the electoral system and have its recommendations submitted to the public for approval at a referendum.
Government Structure and Electoral Systems (2003)	With this paper, Benjamin Reilly sets out options for structuring a system of government and choosing an electoral system, focusing on the comparative experience of transitional democracies in choosing amongst available options, examining choices made by countries emerged from a period of protracted conflict.
Electoral Systems and their Goals:a Primer for Decision-Makers	The paper "Electoral Systems and their Goals:a Primer for Decision-Makers" by Donald L. Horowitz, Professor of Law and Political Science, at the Duke University (January 2003)
Albania: Ballot Paper (1997)	Ballot Sample for MMP Systems
Antigua and Barbuda: Ballot Paper (1975)
Australia: Ballot Paper for Elections of House of Representatives	Sample for Ballot Paper for Alternative Vote System
Australia: Ballot Paper for Elections of Senates	A Sample of Ballot Paper for AV Systems
Bangladesh: Ballot Paper	A Sample of Ballot Paper for the First Past The Post (FPTP) System
Brasil: Boleta electoral parlamentaria.	Muestra de la boleta electoral para la elección de diputado federal y estatal.
Brasil: Boleta Electoral (2002).	Boleta electoral para la elección de presidente, gobernador y senadores.
Burkina Faso: Ballot Paper (1997)	Sample for Ballot Paper for Legislative Elections in List PR System
Denmark: Ballot Paper	Sample of Ballot Paper for List PR System
Ethiopia: Ballot Paper	Sample for Ballot Paper in First Past the Post (FPTP) System
Germany: Ballot Paper for Parliamentary Elections (1990)	Sample of Ballot Paper for Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) System
Ghana: Ballot Paper for Presidential Elections (1996)	Sample of Ballot Paper for Presidential Elections
Moldova: Ballot Paper for Presidential Elections (1996)	Sample of Ballot Paper for Presidential Elections
Philippines: Ballot Paper (1996)	Sample of ballot paper for a Parallel System, used in the 1996 elections for the Autonomous region of Muslim Mindanao in the Philippines.
Map of the Electoral Systems of the World (2005)	Map of the Electoral Systems of the World produced by International IDEA (www.idea.int) for its handbook on Eletoral System Design.
Poster of the Electoral Systems of the World (2005)	Poster of the Electoral Systems of the World produced by International IDEA (www.idea.int) for its handbook on Eletoral System Design
European Parliament: Elections to a Supranational Body	Background and historical description of the elections to the European Parliament. Written by Andrew Ellis and Stina Larserud
Evolution of Electoral Systems, a brief introduction (1998)	A brief introduction to the evolution of electoral systems.
How Votes Become Seats (1998)
India: First Past the Post on a Grand Scale	Case study of the world's largest democracy. Historical background and current situation described by Vijay Patidar
Indonesia: Continuity, Deals and Consensus	Description of the Electoral system of Indonesia. The case study describes the transition to democracy and the latest elections. Written by Andrew Ellis
Kyrgyzstan: Electoral Manipulation in Central Asia	The electoral system in an ex Soviet authoritarian system. Case study written by Eugene Huskey.
Lesotho: Africa’s First MMP Electoral System	Description of the difficulties met in an a FPTP electoral system and the establishment of an Interim Political Authority. Written by Jørgen Elklit
Negotiations About a New Electoral System (1997)	Article by Michael Coppedge published 1998 in ACE1
New Zealand: Learning to Live with Proportional Representation	The reasons behind the change of electoral system in New Zealand. written by Nigel S. Roberts
Palestinian Territory: Political Realities Shape the System	A description of the creation of the Palestinian electoral system, written by Andrew Ellis.
Parliamentary Size (1997)
Electoral Systems Briefing Paper	The "Electoral Systems Briefing Paper" is a handy and useful tool created by Alan Wall to understand different aspects of the various electoral systems and to consider advantages and disadvantages of each.
South Africa: Electoral Systems, Conflict Management and Inclusion	A historical description of the electoral system of South Africa, from the elections in 1994 until today. Written by Andrew Reynolds
Thailand: Combating Corruption through Electoral Reform	This file features a Case Study written by Allen Hicken on the consequence of the Constitution of on Thailand adopted in 1997.
Electoral systems and the protection and participation of minorities (2006)	This is a report from Minority Group International, written in 2006 by Andrew Reynolds. The report outlines the effect of electoral systems on minority representation and gives guidelines on how to design electoral systems in transitional and post-conflict situations that promote cooperation rather than ongoing tension between groups.
Designing for Equality: Best-fit, medium-fit and non-favourable combinations of electoral systems and gender quotas (2007)	This 2007 International IDEA publication provides an overview of the fit of various electoral systems with different kinds of quotas. It assesses how increased women's representation can be achieved under different combinations of electoral systems and quotas, serving as a reference tool for all those who work to increase women's representation in politics.
Designing for Equality: Interactive table showing combinations of electoral systems and gender quotas (2007)	This poster was developed for the International IDEA publication "Designing for Equality: Best-fit, medium-fit and non-favourable combinations of electoral systems and gender quotas" and provides an overview of the institutional design measures that can be taken to improve the representation of women in elected assemblies.
Online calculator for d'Hondt system	An online calculator for allocation of seats according to the modified d'Hondt system
Ticket-Splitting and Strategic Voting in Mixed Electoral Systems (2003)	Working paper by Thomas Gschwend, Mannheimer Zentrum fuer Europäische Sozialforschung
New Zealand:Mixed Member Proportional (1996)	A poster with a short explanation of the Mixed Member Proportial Electoral System
Colombia: Kit de Análisis Electoral, Elecciones Presidenciales y Legislativas 2010 (2011)
United Kingdom: Don't waste your best asset	Article by ACE Practitioners' Network member Bernard Owen and Guy Lardeyret, arguing for the benefits of United Kingdom's electoral system (First Past the Post).
Lebanon: Lebanon’s Sunni Islamists: A Growing Force (2008)
Vanuatu: Parliamentary Handbook, Part 1 (1999)	This handbook is addressed to the Vanuatu parliamentarians. The document explains how elections are held and how the legal and political institutions work in Vanuatu.
Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon: Circulaire, Déroulement des opérations électorales lors des élections au suffrage universel direct (2007)	Ce circulaire indique les mesures à prendre pour organiser les élections de 2007 à Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon.
Croatia: Law on Constituencies for the Election of Representatives to the House of Representatives of Croatian National Parliament No. 116/99 (1999)	The Law on Constituencies for the Election of Representatives to the House of Representatives of Croatian National Parliament (“Narodne novine” No. 116/99).
ُEgypt: The road to Parliament, Al-Ahram Weekly (2010)	In this collection of analysis and articles, Al-Ahram Weekly offers a comprehensive guide to the elections, mapping the political landscape, profiling parties and their candidates, providing views and assessments including a brief history of parliament and the Higher Elections Committee, coverage of what are expected to be the most closely fought constituency battles, concerns over human rights violations and the challenges facing civil and international monitors alongside opinion articles by leading political commentators.
System Simulation: Botswana elections results	This is an electoral system simulation tool. The 2004 and 2009 elections in Botswana are analyzed and studied according to the different electoral system adopted: the same results can turn into very different outcomes.
Tunisie: Note d'information, le système électoral pour l'élection de l'Assemblée Nationale Constituante, Democracy Reporting International (2011)
Perú: Revista de Derecho Electoral Año 1 N°0, JNE (2007)	Revista de Derecho electoral elaborada por la Escuela Electoral y de Gobernabilidad del Jurado Nacional de Elecciones de Perú
The Electoral System for South Sudan: Apportioning Immediate to Long-term Needs	Robert Gerenge discusses the tradeoffs of electoral system design for the new state of South Sudan.
Burma (Myanmar): Region Hluttaw or the State Hlttawa Election Law (2010)	This document is an English version of the Myanmar regional parlements electoral law.
Burma (Myanmar): Amyotha Hluttaw Election Law (2010)	This document is an English version of the Election Law for the House of Nationalities of the Myanmar Parliament. This is one of the two laws regulating the elections for the Myanmar Union Parliament.
Kiribati: Act to Amend the Elections Ordinance (2002)	This document amends the Elections Act of Kiribati.
Argentina: Un nuevo universo partidario (2010)	Artículo escrito por Hugo Passarello Luna acerca de la reciente reforma electoral en Argentina.
Nauru: Referendum Procedures Act (2009)	This act provides the legal framework for referendum procedures in the Republic of Nauru.
Nauru: Electoral Act 1965 (2011)	This document is a version of the 1965 Electoral Act as amended on 15 April 2011.
Kiribati: Act to Amend the Election of the Beretitenti Act (2002)	This document amends the law regulating the election of the president (Beretitenti) in Kiribati. The law establishes a two round voting system.
Pitcairn Islands: Local Government Ordinance (2010)	This legal document establishes the Pitcairn Islands electoral system. The 2010 Local Government Ordinance repeals the previous 2004 law.
We changed the Laws - Electoral practice and malpractice in Sudan since 1953, African Affairs (2010)	This article explores the history of elections by secret ballot in Sudan since the 1950s, and considers what lessons this history may offer in the run-up to the national elections planned under the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. The article locates the repeated use of the secret ballot in Sudan in the context of a wider state-directed project of modernity, for which the secret ballot offers a performative enactment of the relationship between an efficient state and a disciplined citizenry. The article therefore focuses on the actual procedure of elections, rather than on high politics, and it argues that despite a formal insistence on consistent procedure, practice often deviated from the supposed rules.
Jamaica: Interim Report on Electoral Reform 13th July (1994)	This report produced by the Electoral Commission of Jamaica aims to underline the major reforms that have to be done in the electoral system in order to tackle the problems of administration ineffectivness and widespread malpractice.
Kiribati: Laws Election of the Beretitenti (1980)	This document is the revised version of the law regulating the election of the president (Beretitenti) in Kiribati.
Argentina: Información General sobre el sistema electoral argentino (2011)
Côte d'Ivoire: Loi no 2000-514 du 1er août Portant Code électoral (2000)	Ce document est la loi établissant les bases du système électoral de la Côte d'Ivoire.
Côte d'Ivoire: Nomination des Superviseurs Régionaux de la Commission Électorale Indépendante (2011)	Cet arrêté contient la liste des superviseurs régionaux nommés par la Commission Électorale Indépendante pour les élections de l'Assemblée Nationale de 2011.
Côte d'Ivoire: Loi Portant Composition, Attribution et Fonctionnement de la Commission Électorale Indépendante (2001)	Cette loi institut la Commission Électorale Indépendante ayant le rôle d'organiser les élections en Côte d'Ivoire.
Burma (Myanmar): Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law (2010)	This document is an English version of the Election Law for the House of Representatives of the Myanmar Parliament. This is one of the two laws regulating the elections for the Myanmar Union Parliament.
Guyana: Election Law Amendment Act no 15 of 24 November (2000)	This act amends the Guyana Electoral Laws and repeals the 1996 and 1997 Electoral Laws amendments.
Guyana: Election Laws Act (1996)	This document is the 1996 Election Laws Act instituting the Electoral Commission and establishing the foundations of the Guyanese electoral system.
Guyana: Elections Commission Activity Report, 3-5 Year Development Plan (2003)	The 2003 Guyana Elections Commission Activity Report contains a development plan which aims to increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of the electoral administration over the next 3-5 years.
Guyana: Elections Commission Activity Report (2005)	This report treats the major activities undertaken by the Guyana Electoral Commission (GECOM) in 2005. The GECOM has received the needs assessment report from the Commonwealth Secretariat and is currently issuing temporary identity card to process to the voters registration. The Elections commission has also signed an agreement with the Government of Guyana and several donors in order to obtain support for the next elections. The GECOM is preparing a report supporting legal reforms that aims to reinforce electoral transparency. Certain deficiencies in the Election Laws were underlined by a USAID report.
New Zealand: Parliamentary Service Amendment Act (2010)	This law amends the 2000 Parliamentary Service Act and specifies certain provisions regarding electoral fundings and advertisements.
Colombia: Acto Legislativo 1 de 2003	Por el cual se adopta una Reforma Política Constitucional y se dictan otras disposiciones.
Palestinian Elections, University of North Texas (2006)	The Congressional Research Service has published a report on Palestinian Election, issued on 26 Feb 2006
Switzerland: Overview of the Electoral System (1997)	Author: Steiner, Jurg
EC-UNDP Partnership on Electoral Assistance	The EC and UNDP have been collaborating in the field of electoral assistance since 1997 but it is since 2004, with the implementation of the project in support of the electoral processes in the Democratic Republic of Congo that the collaboration was strongly intensified, leading to the signature, in 2006, of the "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of Electoral Assistance Programmes and Projects". This website contains links and references to the formulation and implementation of Electoral Assistance projects of the EC and the UNDP.
Engineering Electoral Systems: Possibilities and Pitfalls Handbook, The Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy (2007)	This publication provides an introduction to the different electoral systems which exist around the world, some brief case studies of recent electoral systems reforms, and some practical tips to those political parties involved in development or reform of electoral systems.
Electoral Systems, Constitutionalism and Conflict Management in Southern Africa	The paper "Electoral Systems, Constitutionalism and Conflict Management in Southern Africa" by Dr. Khabele Matlosa (Senior Lecturer in the Department of Political and Administrative Studies at the National University of Lesotho) attempts to discover the possible linkages between elections, electoral systems, constitutionalism and conflict management and show precisely how these phenomena then either enhance or undermine democratic governance.
SADC Region: Survey of Electoral Systems and Reform Imperatives	The "Survey of Electoral Systems and Reform Imperatives in the SADC Region" by Khabele Matlosa of EISA
Peru: Information INFOGOB Newsletter - Puno Region (2009)	INFOGOB Newsletter about Puno local and regional elections
The elimination of preference voting for the election of the Congress and strengthening the party system in Peru	This article describes how a possible elimination of the preferential voting would affect the electoral and party system in Peru (article in Spanish)
New Zealand: Local Electoral Act (2010)	This document is the 2001 Local Electoral Act including all the amendments made until 2010.
New Zealand: Local Electoral Regulations SR 2001-145 (2010)	This document is the 2001 Local Electoral Regulations SR 2001-145 including all the amendments made until 2010.
New Zealand: Parliamentary Service Act (2010)	This document is the 2000 Parliamentary Service Act including all the amendments made until 2010.
St. Lucia's Electoral Process 1951-1982	A documentation and analysis of elections in St. Lucia from 1951 to 1982, written by Douglas Midgett, Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa.
Northern Mariana Islands: Election Law (2010)	This document is an updated version of the Northern Mariana Islands Election Law.
Guam: Code Annoted (2011)	This code establishes the foundations of the Guam institutions. Title number 3 of the code regulates the elections in Guam.
Guyana: Local Authorities Elections Act (1990)	This law establishes the legal framework for the elections of the local authorities in Guyana.
Kiribati: Act to Amend the Elections Ordinance to Minimise the Abuse of the Costom as a Defence to election Offences and for Connected Purpose (2009)	This act aims to stop electoral abuse and offences. An explanatory memorandum attached to the law explains that voters take advantage of the electoral period to obtain favors and material goods from candidates.
République Démocratique du Congo: Loi n°11/003 du 25 juin 2011 modifiant la loi n° 06/006 du 9 mars 2006 portant organisation de élections présidentielle, législatives, provinciales, urbaines, municipales et locales (2011)	Cette loi a été introduite à la suite des révisions constitutionnelles de 2011 afin de modifier la loi n° 06/006 du 9 mars 2006 portant organisation de élections présidentielle, législatives, provinciales, urbaines, municipales et locales.
Guyana: Audit and System Review of Elections, Guyana Elections Commission and International IDEA (2001)	The Guyana Elections Commission called for this audit before the 2001 elections in order to reinforce the transparency of the election administration.