Info

Russian Federation

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Boundary Delimitation

BD001

Delimitation of constituencies

Question:	Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:	In order to conduct the election of deputies of the State Duma in single-mandate electoral districts 225 single-mandate electoral districts shall be formed in the territory of the Russian Federation on the basis of the data submitted to the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation by the executive bodies of state power of Subjects of the Russian Federation concerning the number of voters registered in accordance with the requirements of Article 17 of the Federal Law "On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum" in the territories of the Subjects of the Russian Federation.
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, article 12(1).
Verified:	2002/08/28

BD003

Criteria for drawing boundaries

Question:	On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
Answer(s):	a. "Equality" of population c. Compactness of constituencies d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries g. Other
Comments:	Single-mandate electoral districts shall be formed in accordance with the following requirements: (a) single-mandate electoral districts shall be approximately equal in the number of voters registered in their territories, with a permissible deviation from the average voter representation quota within one Subject of the Russian Federation not exceeding 10 percent, and in hard-to reach and remote regions not exceeding 15 percent. The list of hard-to-reach and remote regions shall be established by a law of a Subject of the Russian Federation that came into force not later than the day of official publication of the decision to call the election; (b) formation of single-mandate electoral districts in non-adjacent territories within the territory of one Subject of the Russian Federation shall not be allowed unless a part of the territory of the given Subject of the Russian Federation is located within the territory of another Subject of the Russian Federation; (c) formation of a single-mandate electoral district in the territory of two and more Subjects of the Russian Federation shall not be allowed; (d) at least one single-mandate electoral district shall be formed in the territory of each Subject of the Russian Federation; (e) single-mandate electoral districts shall be distributed between Subjects of the Russian Federation so as to ensure as far as possible equal representation in the State Duma of the voters residing in different Subjects of the Russian Federation, with due consideration being given to Subclauses "c" and "d" above. 4. The requirements to the formation of single-mandate electoral districts set forth in Clause 2 of this Article shall be met with due regard to the administrative-territorial (division) of a Subject of the Russian Federation, boundaries of municipal units.
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, article 12(3-4).
Verified:	2002/08/28

BD005

Body responsible for drawing boundaries

Question:	The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is:
Answer(s):	d. Boundary Commission
Comments:	No later than 70 days prior to the voting day the appropriate election commission shall determine the layout of electoral districts, indicating their boundaries, the list of administrative-territorial units or municipal units comprised in each electoral district (if the electoral district includes a part of the territory of an administrative-territorial unit or a municipal unit or a populated center the layout shall indicate the boundaries of this part of the territory of the administrative-territorial unit or the municipal unit or the populated center), the number and center of each electoral district, the number of voters in each electoral district. The appropriate representative body of state power, body of local self-government shall approve the layout of electoral districts no later than 60 days prior to the voting day.
Source:	Law on Basis Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum, article 19(1).
Verified:	2002/08/28

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Electoral Systems

ES001

Head of State

Question:	How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s):	c. Directly elected in general elections (absolute majority with 2nd round if necessary)
Comments:	The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state. The President of the Russian Federation is elected for a term of four years by the citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of general, equal and direct vote by secret ballot. The Law on Presidential Elections requires that the winner receives more than 50 percent of the votes cast. If no candidate receives more than 50 percent of the vote, the top two vote-getters face each other in a runoff election. Once the results of the first round are known, the runoff election must be held within fifteen days. A candidate in a two-person runoff might win without attaining a majority. If the president dies in office, cannot exercise his powers because of ill health, is impeached, or resigns, the premier succeeds him; the premier serves as acting president until a new presidential election is held, which must be within three months; premier appointed by the president with the approval of the Duma.
Source:	Constitution, articles 80 and 81. Federal Law on the Election of the President of the Russian Federation, article 72(3)(December 31, 1999).
Verified:	2007/12/17

ES002

Head of Government

Question:	How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer:	e. Appointed
Comments:	The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation is appointed by the President of the Russian Federation with the consent of the House of Representatives [State Duma].
Source:	Constitution, article 111(1).
Verified:	2007/12/17

ES003

President

Question:	Does the country have a president?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:	1) The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state. 2) The President is the guarantor of the Constitution, and of human and civil rights and freedoms. In accordance with the procedure established by the Constitution, he takes measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity, and ensure concerted functioning and interaction of all bodies of state power. (3) The President of the Russian Federation defines the basic domestic and foreign policy guidelines of the state in accordance with the Constitution and federal laws. (4) The President of the Russian Federation as head of state represents the Russian Federation inside the country and in international relations."
Source:	Constitution, article 80.
Verified:	2007/12/17

ES004

Number of Chambers

Question:	The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer:	b. Two chambers
Comments:	1) The Federal Assembly consists of two chambers: the Federation Council and the House of Representatives [State Duma]. 2) Two deputies from each subject of the Federation are members of Federation Council: one from the representative and one from the executive bodies of state authority. 3) The House of Representatives [State Duma] consists of 450 deputies
Source:	Constitution, article 95.
Verified:	2007/12/17

ES005

Electoral System (Chamber 1)

Question:	What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):	e. Parallel (Segmented) (PR Lists and Majoritarian constituencies)
Comments:	The Russian electoral system can be characterized as a classic example of a parallel electoral system. Both party-list Proportional Representation (PR) and First Past the Post (FPTP) voting are used for choosing deputies in the Duma, but there is no adjustment of the party-list representatives to reflect disparities in the overall seat-vote share, as there is in Germany and New Zealand. The total number of deputies is 450, with half selected by PR and half chosen in single-member plurality constituencies. The PR system operates in effect as one constituency, since the votes for political parties are tallied across the entire country. Nevertheless, parties compete regionally on closed lists, in accord with the June 1995 law adopted by the Federal Assembly. A nominee for a national party list of 12 members may also seek election from an FPTP single-member district in the region. Consequently, this can result in another seat for a political party, which wins on the PR ballot. Upon achieving the threshold of at least five percent of the PR votes, seats are distributed according to the largest remainder formula. A 25% voter turnout is required to validate the poll. Each voter thus casts two separate ballots. Vacancies arising between general elections are filled either through by-elections (majority system) or by "next-in-line" candidates of the same party list (proportional representation system).
Source:	Constitution, article 95. Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma, Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation Art.3
Verified:	2007/12/17

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Legislative Framework

LF001

Status of Electoral Law

Question:	What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
Answer(s):	a. Part of Constitution b. Separate legislation
Comments:	Legislation on the election of deputies of the State Duma shall comprise the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum", this federal Law and other federal laws.
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, article 2.
Verified:	2006/11/21

LF003

Electoral Law covers

Question:	The national electoral law covers:
Answer(s):	a. National elections d. Referendums
Comments:
Source:	Electoral Acts
Verified:	2002/07/20

LF004

Compulsory/voluntary voting

Question:	Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
Answer(s):	a. Voting is voluntary
Comments:	a) Participation of a citizen of the Russian Federation in the election shall be free and voluntary. Nobody shall exert any influence on a citizen of the Russian Federation in order to compel him/her to participate or not to participate in the election and on a free expression of a citizen's will.
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, article 4.
Verified:	2006/11/21

LF007

Electoral Disputes Agency(ies)

Question:	What are the agency(ies) responsible for the first level of formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s):	a. Judiciary b. EMB
Comments:	b) Electoral commissions at different levels.
Source:	Mr. Evgeny I. Kolushin- Member of the Central Election Commission. Tel.:+373-2-232-597
Verified:	2006/11/21

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Electoral Management

EM001

Please provide the following contact information for the national electoral management body:

Name of Institution: Central Election Commission 
Website Address: www.cikrf.ru

Source

No Source

Verified

2009/11/12

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

EM002

Responsibility of national EMB

Question:	Does the national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
Answer(s):	a. National level b. Regional level c. Local level
Comments:	At Regional and Local elections only partly.
Source:	Law on Basis Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum, Chapter IV. Federal Law ont he Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Chapter IV.
Verified:	2008/01/21

EM004

EMB budget determined by

Question:	The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
Answer(s):	c. The legislature
Comments:	Activities of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation shall be funded from the federal budget; activities of election commissions of Subjects of the Russian Federation shall be funded from the federal budget and the budgets of Subjects of the Russian Federation; activities of territorial election commissions that is acting on a permanent basis - from local budgets and in the cases stipulated by federal law and laws of Subjects of the Russian Federation from federal budget or the budget of Subjects of the Russian Federation respectively.
Source:	Law on Basis Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum, article 21(14).
Verified:	2008/01/21

EM005

EMB expenditures controlled by

Question:	The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
Answer(s):	c. The legislature g. Other
Comments:	Every year, the Central Election Commission shall submit a report on the expenditure of the funds allocated from the federal budget for its activity and the conduct of elections in accordance with a procedure and format established by federal laws. Every year, the Election Commission of s Subject of the Russian Federation shall submit a report on the expenditure of the funds allocated from the budget of the Subject of the Russian Federation for its activity and the conduct of elections in accordance with a procedure and format established by federal laws, lows of the Subject of the Russian Federation
Source:	Law on Basis Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum, article 21(15)
Verified:	2008/01/21

EM006

Term of EMB members

Question:	The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
Answer:	b. For a specified number of years
Comments:	The Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation shall act on a permanent basis and be a legal entity. The term of powers of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation shall be 4 years.
Source:	Law on Basis Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum, article 22(1).
Verified:	2008/01/21

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Voter Education

VE001

Information campaigns performed by

Question:	Who conducts information campaigns for national elections (informing where, when and how to register and/or vote)?
Answer(s):	a. National Electoral Management Body b. Regional Electoral Management Bodies c. Local/County Electoral Management Bodies g. NGOs/ Civic Organizations h. Political parties/ candidates
Comments:
Source:	Mr. Evgeny I. Kolushin- Member of the Central Election Commission. Tel.:+373-2-232-597
Verified:	2002/09/09

VE002

Frequency of voter education programs

Question:	At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
Answer:	b. Election time only
Comments:
Source:	Mr. Evgeny I. Kolushin- Member of the Central Election Commission. Tel.:+373-2-232-597
Verified:	2002/09/09

VE003

National civic education

Question:	Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
Answer(s):	l. Other
Comments:	Russian Center of Electoral Technology at the Central Electoral Commission of Russian Federation.
Source:	Mr. Evgeny I. Kolushin- Member of the Central Election Commission. Tel.:+373-2-232-597
Verified:	2002/09/09

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Voter Registration

VR001

Voting age

Question:	What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
Answer:	c. 18
Comments:	A citizen of the Russian Federation who has attained the age of 18 years old on voting day shall be entitled to elect deputies of the State Duma in the federal electoral district.
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, article 4(1).
Verified:	2002/08/28

VR002

Other voting requirements

Question:	Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
Answer(s):	a. Citizenship
Comments:	A citizen of the Russian Federation, who has attained the age of 18 years old on voting day, and who permanently or currently resides in the territory of the given electoral district shall be entitled to elect a deputy of the State Duma in a single-mandate electoral district.
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, article 4(2).
Verified:	2002/08/28

VR004

Body responsible for voter registration

Question:	Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
Answer:	c. Local Government Authority
Comments:	The registration of voters referendum participants shall be effected by the Head of a municipal unit, (if this office is not provided by the charter of the municipal unit, by a person duly authorized by a body of local self-government), the commander of a military unit, the Head of a diplomatic mission, consular establishment of the Russian Federation as of January 1 and July 1 of each year with the utilization of the State Automated System of the Russian Federation. 5. The federal bodies of executive power, bodies of executive branch of Subjects of the Russian Federation shall render assistance to the bodies of local self-government and election commissions in registering voters, referendum participants and updating the data on registered voters, referendum participants.
Source:	Law on Basis Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum, article 17(4-5).
Verified:	2002/09/19

VR008

Compulsory voter registration

Question:	Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:	All citizens of the Russian Federation who are eligible to vote shall be included on voter lists.
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, article 16.
Verified:	2002/08/28

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Voting Operations

VO003

Electors vote at

Question:	Where can electors vote?
Answer(s):	c. At any polling station in the same country e. At mobile polling stations
Comments:	c) Voter can vote at any polling station in case they obtained an Absentee Certificate e) Only during the early voting if the person has an Absentee Certificate. Members of precinct election commission visit the persons who are not able to come on their own. A precinct election commission shall have the necessary number (but not more than three) portable ballot boxes to conduct voting and the number of such boxes to be determined by a decision of the appropriate territorial election commission.
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, articles 73 to 75.
Verified:	2002/08/28

VO004

Voting outside the country is permitted for

Question:	Who can vote from outside the country?
Answer(s):	b. Citizens residing outside the country c. Citizens outside the country (including those on vacation) d. Members of the armed forces e. Students f. Diplomatic staff
Comments:
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma, Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, articles 16(4).
Verified:	2002/08/28

VO005

Locations for voting outside of the country

Question:	If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
Answer(s):	a. Embassies b. Consulates c. Special polling stations
Comments:	Citizens of the Russian Federation who reside outside the territory of the Russian Federation or stay abroad on prolonged business trips shall be included on voter lists if the fact of their permanent or current residence outside the territory of the Russian Federation or prolonged business trips abroad is established by diplomatic or consular missions of the Russian Federation. Special polling stations may be organized for example on the ships
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma, Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, articles 16(4).
Verified:	2002/08/28

VO011

Voting method

Question:	How do electors cast their votes?
Answer(s):	a. Manually marking of ballots
Comments:	On the ballot for voting in the federal electoral district, voters shall put any mark in the blank box to the right of the name of the electoral association or electoral block whose federal list of candidates they vote for, or in the box placed to the right of the words "Against all federal lists of candidates". On the ballot for voting in a single-mandate electoral district, voters shall put any mark in the blank box to the right of the name of the registered candidate he/she votes for, or in the box to the right of the words "Against all candidates".
Source:	Federal Law ont he Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Chapter X, article 73(11).
Verified:	2002/08/28

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Parties and Candidates

PC001

Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 1)

Question:	What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):	a. Signature requirement (specify requirement) b. Deposit requirement (specify amount)
Comments:	Support of the candidate directly nominated by voters: 2. Save the case when an electoral deposit has been paid the number of signatures to be collected in support of nomination of a candidate shall be equal to not less than one per cent of the total number of voters registered in the territory of the given electoral district. In the event of an early election, the number of signatures to be collected in support of nomination of a candidate shall account for not less than 0.5 percent of the total number of voters registered in the territory of the given electoral district. Support of the candidate/ federal list of candidates nominated by Electoral Association, Electoral Bloc:. Save the case when an electoral deposit has been paid an electoral association, electoral bloc which has nominated candidates in single-mandate electoral districts shall collect voter signatures in support of nomination of a candidate among voters of the electoral district in which the candidate consented to run for election, the number of such signatures to be collected in support of each candidature being not less than one percent of the total number of voters registered in the territory of the given electoral district. In the event of an early election the number of signatures to be collected in support of each candidature shall be not less than 0.5 percent of the total number of voters registered in the territory of the given electoral district. 2. Save the case when an electoral deposit has been paid an electoral association, electoral bloc which has nominated a federal list of candidates shall collect not less than 200 thousand voter signatures in its support, with each Subject of the Russian Federation accounting for not more than fourteen thousand of the required total number of signatures. In the event of an early election the aforesaid number of signatures shall be reduced by half.
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, articles 42(2) and 43(1-2).
Verified:	2002/09/12

PC003

Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 1)

Question:	What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):	a. Age b. Citizenship f. Registration
Comments:	a) 21 years old.
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Chapter VI, article 4(2).
Verified:	2002/08/28

PC008

Independent candidates

Question:	Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
Answer(s):	e. In both presidential and legislative elections
Comments:
Source:	Federal Law on Election of the President, article 33(1). Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, article 37(2).
Verified:	2002/08/28

PC012

Public funding of parties

Question:	Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
Answer(s):	b. Direct c. Indirect
Comments:	Funding of the Election of Deputies of the State Duma 1. Expenses on the preparation and conduct of the election of deputies of the State Duma shall be paid from the funds allocated from the federal budget. 2. Candidates for election to the State Duma, electoral associations, electoral blocs shall set up their own electoral funds for financing their election campaign.
Source:	Federal Election Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma (24th of June 1999), article 62(7). Federal Election Law for the Election of the President of Russian Federation (17th December 1999), article 55(5).
Verified:	2002/09/19

PC015

Basis of public funding

Question:	What is the basis of the public funding?
Answer(s):	a. Equal funding, regardless of size and previous performance
Comments:
Source:	Federal Election Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma (24th of June 1999), articles 55(1) and 61.
Verified:	2002/08/28

PC017

Private funding of parties

Question:	Are political parties entitled to private funding?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:	Voluntary donations of individuals and legal entities in the amount not exceeding 100 times (for each citizen) and two thousand times (for each legal entity) the minimum wage established by federal law as of the date on which the decision to call the election was officialy published.
Source:	Federal Election Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma (24th of June 1999), article 62(2).
Verified:	2002/08/28

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Vote Counting

VC004

Voters are sorted/counted at

Question:	Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
Answer:	a. The polling stations
Comments:	The votes cast by voters shall be counted openly and publicly by the voting members of the precinct election commissions.
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma, Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, article 77.
Verified:	2009/11/04

VC011

Conditions for recount

Question:	Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
Answer(s):	d. By request e. Court order f. Other
Comments:	f) Upon detection of errors, inconsistencies in the protocol of voting returns and when doubts arise as to the correctness of the protocols from precinct election commission the territotial election commission may resolve that the precinct elects the commission to carry out votes recounting or that the given territorial commission itself recounts the votes.
Source:	Federal Law on the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Chapter X, article 78.
Verified:	2009/11/04

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Media and Elections

ME037

Parties receive free broadcast time based on

Question:	What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
Answer(s):	a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
Comments:
Source:	Act on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum of 2002. N 67/ F3. Art.51.(1).
Verified:	2005/03/28

ME059

Existence of televised debates

Question:	Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
Answer(s):	a. Yes, in presidential elections
Comments:	Yes, in both presidential and legislative elections (I could'nt tick both of them)are televised debates conducted.
Source:	Act on Election of the President of Russian Federation of 2003. N19/F3. Art. 52.(6-7). Federal Act on Election of Deputies of State Duma of Russian Federation of 2002. N175/F3. Art. 60.(4).
Verified:	2005/03/28

ME062

Blackout period for opinion polls

Question:	What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public?
Answer:	c. 4-5 days
Comments:	Five days.
Source:	Federal Act on Election of Deputies of State Duma of Russian Federation of 2002. N175/F3.Art.55.(3). Act on Election of the President of Russian Federation of 2003. N19/F3.Art.47.(3)
Verified:	2005/03/29

ME080

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Direct Democracy

DD002

Direct Democracy Provisions (National Level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:
Source:	Federal Constitutional Act on the Referendum of Russian Federation of 2004. N 5/FK3 . Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2005/03/13

DD003

Mandatory referendums (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:	ad C) Normative regulations of the Central Election Commission (purpose of which is uniform adaptation of the legal acts regulating referendums). ad D) International (bilateral and multilateral) conventions of the Russian Federations. Generally accepted rules and norms of the international law.
Source:	Federal Constitutional Act on the Referendum of Russian Federation of 2004. N 5/FK3. Art. 3. Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2005/03/13

DD004

Optional referendums (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:	ad C) Normative regulations of the Central Election Commission (purpose of which is uniform adaptation of the legal acts regulating referendums). ad D)Generally accepted rules and norms of the international law.
Source:	Federal Constitutional Act on the Referendum of Russian Federation of 2004. N 5/FK3. Art. 3. Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2005/03/13

DD005

Citizens' Initiatives (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:	ad C) Normative regulations of the Central Election Commission (purpose of which is uniform adaptation of the legal acts regulating referendums). ad D)Generally accepted rules and norms of the international law.
Source:	Federal Constitutional Act on the Referendum of Russian Federation of 2004. N 5/FK3. Art. 3. Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2005/03/13

DD006

Agenda Initiatives (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2009/10/26

DD007

Recalls (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2009/10/26

DD129

Binding referenda

Question:	Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?
Answer:	a. Always binding
Comments:
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2009/10/22

DD130

National referenda deal with

Question:	Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues?
Answer:	c. Both constitutional and other issues
Comments:
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2009/10/22

DD131

Direct Democracy at sub-national level

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:
Source:	Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified:	2009/10/22