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total countries/territories: 228
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|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
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Afghanistan
|
f. A government department or agency
|
Disputes over dependency of a village to a province or a district, due to delimitation of electoral boundaries of provincial and district constituencies, shall be resolved by the Commission to the Independent Directorate of Local Governance (IDLG) for a decision.
Source:
Afghan Electoral Law, art. 11: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/afghanistan-election-law-2014-english/view (2014).
http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf
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2019/09/24
|
|
Albania
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Code: Art.21: The CEC performs the following duties:
4. Approves the boundaries of Electoral Administration Zones in accordance with this Code.
Source:
The Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania, dated 2 April 2015, Art. 27. Art. 21 was amended in 2012.
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2017/05/17
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Algeria
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
|
Electoral Constituencies are determined by law.
Source:
Electoral law (Loi organique n° 12-01 du 18 Safar 1433 correspondant au 12 janvier 2012 relative au régime électoral), art. 26, 84: http://www.parliament.am/library/norelectoral%20law/aljir.pdf (2017);
Ordonnance n° 12-01 du 20 Rabie El Aouel 1433 correspondant au 13 février 2012 déterminant les circonscriptions électorales et le nombre de sièges à pourvoir pour l’élection du Parlement http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DZ/algeria-ordonnance-nb0-12-01-du-13-fevrier-2012/view (2017)
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2019/09/25
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American Samoa
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
|
Both Chambers
Source:
Revised Constitution of American Samoa, Art.2(ii)
|
2017/08/18
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Andorra
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g. Other
|
Existing regional/provincial/other boundaries are used.
Source:
Electoral law: 28/2007 - "Llei qualificada del règim electoral i del referèndum", art. 27: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-electoral-law-2007/
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2023/06/09
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Angola
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
One hundred and thirty Members shall be elected at national level, and for this purpose the country shall be considered a single national constituency. Five Members shall be elected for each province and provincial electoral constituencies shall be created for this purpose.
Source:
Constitution of 3 February 2010: art. 144: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Angola_2010?lang=en (2017);
Electoral Law n.º 36/11 of 21 December 2011 regulating General Elections, art. 24: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/AO/angola-law-n.o-36-11-of-21-december-2011/view (2017)
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2017/09/13
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Anguilla
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g. Other
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The Governor in Council.
Source:
Election Act: art. 2
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2015/02/24
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Antigua and Barbuda
|
c. Executive
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Constituencies Boundaries Commission for Antigua and Barbuda is appointed from time to time to review the number, and the boundaries, of the constituencies. Is composed of four members, including a chair person, all appointed by Governor-General.
Source:
Constitution: art. 63:1.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20-%20Constitution/view
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2014/06/06
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Argentina
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e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
f. A government department or agency
|
Districts and Sections are political-administrative boundaries, so they are a legislative matter. Circuits are demarcated by the Ministry of Interior with regard to a well-founded proposal from the corresponding Electoral Judge.
Source:
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral Nacional — Ley 19945”, art. 40: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-19945-codigo-electoral-nacional-2019/view
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2021/12/26
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Armenia
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f. A government department or agency
|
Article 78 of the electoral code defines electoral boundaries by administrative regions.
Source:
Electoral Code of 25 May 2016, Art. 78:
http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-REF(2016)042-e
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2017/04/12
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Aruba
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g. Other
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Mr. Hubert Maduro, President, Electoral Council of Aruba
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2017/07/07
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Australia
|
d. Boundary Commission
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (amended in 2019)
Section 60 (1): For the purposes of each redistribution of a State, the Electoral Commission shall, as soon as practicable after the commencement of the redistribution, appoint, by instrument in writing, a Redistribution Committee for the State.
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (amended in 2019) Section 60: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103/f85985f8-e256-4e11-ad31-884ed7f92224
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2024/09/09
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Austria
|
h. Not applicable
|
Boundary delimitation is pre-determined based on existing provincial boundaries.
Source:
Federal Law on the Election of the National Council (1992), Art. 2
http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6544
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2017/11/16
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Azerbaijan
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
In order to hold elections, the Central Election Commission shall form 125 election (referendum) constituencies (hereinafter election constituencies) every 5 years, based on information on the number of voters permanently residing and registered in the relevant territorial units, provided by the municipalities in conjunction with the relevant executive bodies.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan including 2024 amendments, article 29.1: https://msk.gov.az/uploads/qanunvericilik/Election-Code-2024.pdf
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2024/11/12
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Bahamas
|
c. Executive
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Constituencies Commission comprises a membership of five persons as mandated by Section 69 of The Bahamas Constitution, namely: Speaker of The House of Assembly; a justice of the Supreme Court; and three members of parliament (Two nominated by the Prime Minister and one nominated by the Leader Of The Opposition). The Constituencies Commission is required to submit its report to the Governor General who then causes the same to be put before The House Of Assembly for approval.
Source:
Constitution: Art. 69.
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahamas_2002?lang=en
(2017)
|
2017/03/27
|
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Bahrain
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c. Executive
|
The body responsible for drawing the boundaries of constituencies in Bahrain is determined by a decree issued by the government.
A decree will be passed on defining the constituencies, electoral districts and their boundaries, and the number of sub committees required to carry out the process of the elections and ballot counting.
Source:
Decree No. 14 of 2002 on Exercising Political Rights, part 3, art. 17 (2):
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/BH/bahrain-law-by-decree-on-exercising-political/view
Decree No. 71 of 2014 on Electoral Constituencies: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/BH/bahrain-collection-of-electoral-laws-2014-in/view
Official Website of the Directorate of Election and Referendum - Electoral Constituency: http://www.vote.bh/En/Electoral%20Constituency?cms=iQRpheuphYtJ6pyXUGiNqiQQw2RhEtKe (2014).
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2024/11/25
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Bangladesh
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d. Boundary Commission
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The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of the election rolls for elections to the office or President and to Parliament and the conduct of such elections shall vest in the Election Commission which shall, in accordance with his Constitution and any other law- delimit the constituencies for the purpose of elections to Parliament.
Source:
Constitution: Part VII; Art. 119 (c)
|
2012/05/30
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Barbados
|
c. Executive
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Electoral and Boundaries Commission. The Commission consists of a Chairman, a deputy Chairman and three other members. The Chairman and two other members of the Commission shall be appointed by the Governor-General, acting on the recommendation of the Prime Minister after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition, by instrument under the Public Seal, and the deputy Chairman and one other member shall be
appointed by the Governor-General, acting on the recommendation of the Leader of the Opposition after consultation with the Prime Minister, by instrument under the Public Seal.
Source:
Constitution: Ch.5, Part 1, Section 41 D.
|
2011/05/31
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Belarus
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Electoral circuits for the elections of deputies of the House of Representatives are created by the Central Commission upon submissions of the regional and the Minsk City Executive Committees.
Source:
Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 16: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
|
2023/09/13
|
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Belgium
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
|
The Parliament (Chamber 1) and the Senate (Chamber 2)
Source:
The Belgian Constitution, Article 63
http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/publications/constitution/GrondwetUK.pdf
|
2019/04/25
|
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Belize
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Electoral and Boundaries Commission is the only Electoral Management Body that is empowered to make proposals on boundary redistricting to the National Assembly.
Source:
Constitution: “Belize Constitution, Chapter 4”, Part VI, Section 90: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-constitution-2022/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act, Chapter 9”, Section 17 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-representation-people-act-2011
|
2025/03/24
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Benin
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Source:
Law No. 2010-35 of 21 December 2010 regulating the election of members of the National Assembly, art. 2
http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-legislatives-2011.pdf (2012)
|
2019/04/05
|
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Bermuda
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c. Executive
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Constituency Boundaries Commission shall consist of—
(a) a Chairman appointed by the Governor, acting in his discretion;
(b) a member (in this section referred to as "the judicial member") appointed by the Governor, acting in his discretion, from among persons who hold or have held high judicial office;
(c) two members appointed by the Governor, acting in accordance with the advice of the Premier, from among the members of the two Houses; and
(d) two members appointed by the Governor, acting in accordance with the advice of the Opposition Leader, from among those members.
Source:
The Constitution of Bermuda, Art. 53
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2012/05/31
|
|
Bhutan
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d. Boundary Commission
|
A Delimitation Commission shall, for the purposes of section 4, allocate to each Dzongkhag a number of seats in the National Assembly, so far as practicable, in proportion to its registered voter population.
The Delimitation Commission shall, for the purposes of section 5, divide each Dzongkhag into Parliamentary constituencies equal to the number of seats allocated to that Dzongkhag, so that the registered voter population in each such constituency is, so far as practicable, equally distributed.
Source:
Election Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2008, Chapter 2, Articles 5-6: https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ElectionActEnglish.pdf
|
2024/08/27
|
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Bolivia
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Supreme Electoral Court determines the single-member constituencies and the special constituencies for the election of indigenous deputies. The multi-member constituencies are determined in the Electoral Law.
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 146 (VI & VII): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
Electoral Law: “Ley del Régimen Electoral — Ley 026-2010”, arts. 57, 60 (I), 61 (II): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-026-2010-regimen-electoral-vigente/ (2019).
• EMB Law: "Ley del Órgano Electoral Plurinacional — Ley 018-2010", art. 24 (8): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-018-2010-organo-electoral-plurinacional-vigente/ (2019).
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2024/12/09
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
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g. Other
|
House of Representatives draws its boundaries (10.2); National Assembly draws its boundaries (11.2)
Source:
Electoral Law: Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Arts. 20.13, 10.2 and 11.2.
https://www.izbori.ba/Documents/documents/ZAKONI/BiH_Election_Law_last_consolidated_version.pdf?v-4 (2024)
|
2025/06/23
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Botswana
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d. Boundary Commission
|
The Delimitation Commission submit a report to the President which shall state if any alteration is necessary to the boundaries of the constituencies. The President shall as soon as practicable after the submission of the report of the Delimitation Commission, by Proclamation published in the Gazette, declare the boundaries of the constituencies as delimited by the Commission.
Source:
Constitution of Botswana art. 65: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-constitution-of-1966-with-amendments-up/view (2014).
|
2014/10/24
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Brazil
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a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, Article 45, 46:
https://www.oas.org/es/sla/ddi/docs/acceso_informacion_base_dc_leyes_pais_b_1_en.pdf - English
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil - Portuguese
Electoral Code, Law No. 4.737, 1965 of July 15, Article 83, 84, 85, 86:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
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2024/10/11
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Brunei Darussalam
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h. Not applicable
|
|
2013/03/18
|
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Bulgaria
|
c. Executive
|
The names, numbers and boundaries of electoral districts shall be determined by the President not later than 56 days before election day.
Source:
Electoral Law: Election Code, Art. 249 (2)
http://dv.parliament.bg/DVWeb/showMaterialDV.jsp?idMat=82965
(2014)
|
2014/10/02
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Burkina Faso
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Art. 156.1: For the national list system, the Electoral Commission independent national (CENI) determines the electoral quotient by dividing the number of votes cast in
riding by the number of deputies to be elected in the said constituency.It is attributed to each list as many parliamentary seats as number of votes the list contains both the quotient
electoral
Art. 156.2: For the provincial list of voting, the Election Commission independent provincial (CEPI) determines the electoral quotient, by dividing the number of votes cast in the
riding by the number of deputies to be elected in the said constituency.
It is attributed to each list as many parliamentary seats as number of votes the list contains both the quotient
electoral.
Source:
Constitution as amended in 2015, art. 156: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/Code_électoral_BF-Version_21.05.2015.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
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|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Electoral Commission is in charge of determining and re-drawing the boundaries of constituencies.
Source:
Constitution of Myanmar, Art. 399 (c):http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/Constitution-1.pdf (2015);
The Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law, art. 4: http://www.altsean.org/Research/2010/Resources/Laws/Pyithu%20Hluttaw%20Election%20Law.pdf (2013).
|
2015/11/17
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Burundi
|
h. Not applicable
|
Existing provincial boundaries are used, with the exception of the city of Bujumbura which is considered to be a separate constituency.
Source:
Electoral Code, art. 105: https://courconstitutionnelle.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Code-Electoral_30092024095027.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Cambodia
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
|
Boundaries are established in article 6 of the Law on the Election of the Members of the National Assembly.
Source:
Constitution, art. 77, 101: http://www.ccc.gov.kh/detail_info_en.php?_txtID=791 (2018);
Law on the Election of the Members of the National Assembly, art. 5-6: http://ngocedaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/tmp_11849-Draft-of-LEMNA-by-CNRP-CPP_March_08_2015132491924.pdf (2017)
|
2023/10/11
|
|
Cameroon
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
c. Executive
|
As a rule, each district constitutes one electoral constituency. However, the boundaries of certain constituencies may be drawn by Presidential Decree, taking into account their particularities.
Source:
Electoral Code Chapter V section 149 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-electoral-code-english-2012
|
2012/08/09
|
|
Canada
|
c. Executive
d. Boundary Commission
|
An independent electoral boundaries commission is established to determine electoral boundaries in all jurisdictions, except Ontario. Federally, a separate boundaries commission is established for each province.
For each decennial census, the Governor in Council shall establish by proclamation,published in the Canada Gazette, an electoral boundaries commission for each province.
Source:
The Compendium of Election Administration in Canada, Elections Canada (2014)
http://www.elections.ca/res/loi/com/compoverview2014sep_e.pdf
Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act (1984)
http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/E-3.pdf
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Cape Verde
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Source:
Constitution of Cape Verde as amended in 2010, art. 102 (2, 3): http://www.parlamento.cv/Downloads/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Cabo%20verde,%202010.pdf (2016);
Electoral Law as amended by Law No 56/VII/2010, art. 406: http://www.parlamento.cv/userfiles/image/site/Leis/Altera%20o%20C%C3%B3digo%20Eleitoral%20-%20texto%20integrante.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
Source:
Constitution: “Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009”, Section 89(1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-constitution-2009/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
Central African Republic
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Each sub-prefecture forms an electoral constituency, with the exception of Bangui, where boundaries are drawn according to the population. Boundaries are drawn in a legislative act, according to the above-mentioned criteria.
Source:
Electoral Law N° 09.016, Art. 191: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2021/04/19
|
|
Chad
|
h. Not applicable
|
Each department and each District of the city N'Djamena forms a Constituency.
Source:
Electoral Law N° 003/PR/2008 amended by law n° 008/PR/2009, law n° 007/PR/2010 and law n° 020/PR/2010, art. 148:
http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Chad_Electoral%20code_2009_fr.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/18
|
|
Chile
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
|
Electoral boundaries are foreseen in the law. For the electoral districts to be modified, the law must be amended by the legislative branch. However, no direct responsibility for such activity is established in the law.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Chile (2017)”, art. 47 (1):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-1/
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Constitucional sobre Votaciones Populares y Escrutinios (2016)”, art. 178 - 180:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-ley-sobre-votaciones-populares-y-escrutinios/
|
2025/03/03
|
|
China
|
i. No information available
|
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Christmas Island
|
i. No information available
|
|
2009/07/09
|
|
Cocos (keeling) Islands
|
d. Boundary Commission
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
(1) For the purposes of each redistribution of a State, the Electoral
Commission shall, as soon as practicable after the commencement
of the redistribution, appoint, by instrument in writing, a
Redistribution Committee for the State. (Section 60).
(1) A Redistribution Committee for a State or the Australian Capital
Territory shall, in accordance with subsections (2), (3) and (4),
make a proposed redistribution of the State or Territory. (Section 66).
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, as amended on 8 March 2019, Section 60, 66: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103
|
2019/07/05
|
|
Colombia
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 150:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016 (2016)
|
2024/12/10
|
|
Comoros
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Source:
Law No 10-018/AU Amending certain provisions of the Electoral Act No. 07-001/AU of 14 January 2007, art. 108;
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/KM/comores-electoral-law-2010/view (2016)
Constitution, art. 20: http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/com128670.pdf (2016)
|
2020/02/26
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
|
b) The Council of Ministers
Source:
Election law of 24 November 2001, Art. 54: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2017);
Constitution, Art. 94: http://www.presidence.cg/files/my_files/constit200102.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Source:
Loi organique n°10/013 du 28 Juillet 2010 portant organisation et fonctionnement de la Commission Electorale Nationale Indépendante, art.9: http://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/JO/2010/JOS.28.07.2010.pdf
|
2016/11/03
|
|
Cook Islands
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Source:
Teokoati Joseph, Chief Probation Officer, Probation Service - Ministry of Justice
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Costa Rica
|
c. Executive
g. Other
|
Existing provincial boundaries are used.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley 8765: Código Electoral”, art. 143: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-ley-8765-codigo-electoral-2018.pdf/
Electoral circumscriptions: "División territorial electoral que regirá para las elecciones del 4 de febrero de 2018": http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-decreto-7-2017-division-territorial-electoral.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
Croatia
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Art. 39
Electoral constituencies are regulated in the Act on Electoral Constituencies for the Election
of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament, such that the difference between the numbers
of voters in electoral constituencies may not be greater than ± 5%.
Source:
Electoral Law: Act on Election of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament (116/99)(consolidated wording with amendments No. 109/00 and 53/03), art. 36.
http://www.parliament.am/library/Electoral%20law/xorvatia.pdf
Law on Constituencies: The Law on Constituencies for the Election of Representatives to the House of Representatives of Croatian National Parliament (“Narodne novine” No. 116/99) art. 39
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7663/file/Croatia_Parliamentary_Elections_Act_2003_am2015_en.pdf
|
2025/04/14
|
|
Cuba
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”, art. 16 & 19: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/
|
2023/09/11
|
|
Cyprus
|
h. Not applicable
|
Electoral Boundaries are the same as pre-existing administrative districts.
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Cyprus (North)
|
i. No information available
|
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Czech Republic
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Legislature is responsible for drawing boundaries since the districts are determined by the law and the legislative power in the Czech Republic is vested in the Parliament, which consists of two chambers.
Electoral Law: Article 8: (2) The State Electoral Commission i) draws the election regions to which special election districts abroad are to be submitted.
Source:
Electoral Law: Act of Law 247/1995 Coll., on elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic (amended by 480/2006 Coll.), art. 3, 8, 26, 59.
https://www.psp.cz/en/docs/laws/1995/247.html
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CZ/czech-republic-act-no.-247-on-elections-to-the/view (2017)
ACT No. 275 of 27 September 1995
on Elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic and on the Amendment of Certain Other Laws
Section 8, (2i)
|
2023/09/14
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
c. Executive
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The number and size of constituencies for the election of deputies shall be fixed by decree of the Council of Ministers on proposal of the Independent Electoral Commission.
Source:
Code Electoral (2015), art. 69: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CI/cote-divoire-code-electoral-2015/view
|
2016/11/30
|
|
Denmark
|
h. Not applicable
|
No, constituencies are delimited for election purposes.
Source:
|
2015/06/08
|
|
Djibouti
|
h. Not applicable
|
Existing district boundaries are used.
Verified 20 June, 2023.
Source:
Electoral Law of 1992, Article 16: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DJ/djibouti-electoral-law-1992/view (2016)
Loi n°218/AN/08/5ème L Portant définition et délimitation des circonscriptions électorales. Art. 2 and 3
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DJ/djibouti-loi-nb0218-an-8-5eme-l-portant-definition/view
|
2023/06/20
|
|
Dominica
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Electoral Boundaries Commission reviews the number and boundaries of the constituencies into which Dominica is divided and submits a report. The Prime Minister lays before the House of Assembly this report for its approval, and if approved, the Prime Minister submits it to the President who shall make an order in terms of the report.
Source:
Constitution, Section 57(1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DM/dominica-constitution-of-the-commonwealth-of/view (2014).
|
2014/12/16
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Central Electoral Board (JCE) is the body responsible for drawing the electoral districts.
Source:
Ley Electoral “Ley Orgánica de Régimen Electoral No. 15-19, art. 104 y 105 http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-ley-organica-de-regimen/ (2019)
|
2020/02/04
|
|
Ecuador
|
h. Not applicable
|
The National Electoral Council (CNE) has the authority for zoning electoral areas abroad in coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility and the Consular Offices to facilitate Ecuadorian citizens’ voting right.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 150 & 151: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
Egypt
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
f. A government department or agency
|
The division of constituencies is defined by law. National Elections Commission is responsible for proposing division of boundaries.
Source:
Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 102 & 208:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
|
2025/09/23
|
|
El Salvador
|
h. Not applicable
|
Existing administrative boundaries are used.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”, art. 79: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/ ;
Electoral Law: “Decreto No. 413 — Código Electoral”, art. 10 & 13: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-recopilacion-legislacion-electoral-2021/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
|
The electoral constituencies are defined in the electoral law.
Source:
Constitution as amended by referendum of 23 November 2011, art. 56 (3), 84 (3)
|
2012/10/03
|
|
Eritrea
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
Source:
Election Act, art. 14
|
2011/06/21
|
|
Estonia
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2015/03/03
|
|
Ethiopia
|
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The list of constituencies shall be decided and announced to the public
by the House of Federation upon the study and report submitted by the National Election Board.
Source:
Constitution, art. 103 (5);
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007, art. 20 (1-e)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
By ordinance, which must also be approved through a referendum.
Source:
Constitution: “Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008”, Section 27(3): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-constitution-2008/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Faroe Islands
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
The legislature may amend electoral regulations and procedures, as was done in 2007 with the creation of one nationwide constituency.
Source:
"The Faroese Parliament." Brochure (2008). (http://www.logting.fo/files/File/2008/faldari_EN_web.pdf)
|
2012/07/06
|
|
Fiji
|
h. Not applicable
|
The members of Parliament are elected from a national candidate list in a single countrywide constituency.
Source:
Constitution, art. 53 (1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
|
2018/04/18
|
|
Finland
|
h. Not applicable
|
Existing province and municipal boundaries are used
Source:
Vallag 2.10.1998/714, § 5
|
2019/04/02
|
|
France
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Art. 25
An independent commission, whose composition and rules of organization and operation shall be set down by statute, shall publicly express an opinion on the Government and Private Members' Bills defining the constituencies for the election of Members of the National Assembly, or modifying the distribution of the seats of Members of the National Assembly or of Senators.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 25
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/France_2008?lang=en
|
2020/06/17
|
|
French Guiana
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Both chambers
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/10
|
|
French Polynesia
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Chamber 1: "Assemblée Nationale".
|
2004/01/15
|
|
Gabon
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Source:
Law No. 7/96 of 12 March 1996 establishing common rules for all political elections, with all the subsequent amendments, art. 8, 34, 35
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GA/gabon-code-electoral-2005/view
(2017)
|
2025/04/28
|
|
Gambia
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Independent Electoral Commission draws the boundaries, pending an Act of the National assembly that shall establish a constituencies Boundary Commission which shall be responsible for demarcating constituency boundaries for the purpose of elections to the National Assembly.
Source:
Constitution, Chapter V, part 4 (1): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gambia_2004?lang=en (2017)
Elections Decree 78 of 1996, part II, section 9 (1): (2017) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GM/gambia-elections-decree-78-of-1996/view
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Georgia
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Central Election Commission appoints DEC members for a 5-year term. DEC shall establish and specify, by an ordinance, the boundaries of electoral precincts
Source:
The Election Code of Georgia, art 21:
https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1557168?publication=87
|
2024/07/24
|
|
Germany
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Federal President shall appoint a permanent Constituency Delimitation Commission. It shall consist of the President of the Federal Statistical Office, a judge of the Federal Administrative Court, and five other members.
The report of the Constituency Delimitation Commission shall be rendered to the Federal Ministry of the Interior within fifteen months after the beginning of the legislative term of the Bundestag. The Federal Ministry of the Interior shall immediately forward it to the Bundestag and shall publish it in the Federal Official Bulletin. At the request of the Federal Ministry of the Interior, the Constituency Delimitation Commission shall render a supplementary report ; in this case the second sentence shall apply mutatis mutandis.
Source:
Federal Elections Act, Section 3 (2 - 4)
https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/dam/jcr/4ff317c1-041f-4ba7-bbbf-1e5dc45097b3/bundeswahlgesetz_engl.pdf
|
2021/11/15
|
|
Ghana
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Electoral Commission shall review the division of Ghana into constituencies at intervals of not less than seven years, or within twelve months after the publication of the enumeration figures after the holding of a census of the population of Ghana, whichever is earlier, and many, as a result, alter the constituencies.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Ghana (1996), art. 47 (5): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-constitution-1992-with-amendments-through/view
|
2016/09/19
|
|
Gibraltar
|
i. No information available
|
|
2019/11/04
|
|
Greece
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Article 54
1. The electoral system and election districts shall be specified by law.
Source:
Constitution, art. 54:1
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Greece_2008?lang=en
|
2020/07/25
|
|
Greenland
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Grenada
|
c. Executive
d. Boundary Commission
|
Constitution, part 4, article 55
55.-(1) There shall be a Constituency Boundaries Commission for Grenada which shall consist of-
the Speaker, as Chairman;two members appointed by the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister; and two members appointed by the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Leader of the Opposition.
Source:
Constitution, part 4, article 55
|
2011/05/31
|
|
Guadeloupe
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
a) Both chambers.
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Guam
|
f. A government department or agency
|
The Guam Department of Land Management draws municipal boundaries which are adopted as election districts.
Source:
1 Guam Code 403 (2019):
https://law.justia.com/codes/guam/2019/title-1/chapter-4/ ;
Land Management Drawing No. G1-56T18 ;
3 Guam Code 1117 (2019):
https://law.justia.com/codes/guam/2019/title-3/chapter-1/
|
2020/10/21
|
|
Guatemala
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala”, art. 157: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/constitucion/guatemala-constitucion-politica-2012/ —
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993.pdf ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos”, art. 205: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/
|
2023/05/29
|
|
Guinea
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Local administrative divisions are used. An organic law establishes the electoral circumscriptions. Constitution, art. 63
Source:
Constitution (2010), art. 63: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-constitution-2010-english-version/
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 11 November 2009 on the election of the President of the Republic and the National People's Assembly ("Lei Eleitoral Para Presidente da República e Assembleia Nacional Popular"), art. 109: http://www.cne-guinebissau.org/phocadownload/lei_eleitoral.pdf (2012);
Constitution, art. 77: http://www.anpguinebissau.org/leis/constituicao/constituicaoguine.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Guyana
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Source:
Dr. Steve Surujbally, President of the Elections Commissions, elections(a)sdnp.gy
|
2015/05/11
|
|
Haiti
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Source:
Le Moniteur sous la direction de Beauzile, Fritzner, « Loi électoral », http://haitijustice.com/pdf/legislation/loi-electorale-haiti-2013.pdf, Art.6, 168ième année No. 229, 2013, P.4-5.
|
2015/04/08
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vt.html (2012)
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Honduras
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Supreme Electoral Tribunal is responsible for drawing the boundaries. However, such changes are forbidden within 3 months before Election Day. An exception is done whenever an extraordinary event calls for it.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral de Honduras”, art. 91: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-electoral-2021-con-reformas-2021/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The functions of the (Electoral Affairs) Commission are to consider or review the boundaries of geographical constituencies or District Council constituencies, as the case may be, for the purpose of making recommendations.
Source:
Electoral Affairs Commission Ordinance Sec.4 (a): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/HK/hong-kong-electoral-affairs-commission-ordinance/view
|
2021/06/03
|
|
Hungary
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
(5) The number of single-member constituencies in counties and Budapest shall be contained in Annex 1, and their serial numbers, seats and territorial division in Annex 2.
(6) If the deviation referred to in Subsection (4) exceeds 20%, Parliament shall amend Annex 2. Annex 2 may not be amended during the period between the first day of the year preceding the general election of Members of Parliament and the day on which the general election of Members of Parliament is held, with the exception of any election held due to the voluntary or mandatory dissolution of Parliament.
Source:
Electoral Law: Act CCIII of 2011 on the Elections of Members of Parliament of Hungary, Sec.4(5) & (6): http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=142940.283327.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
Iceland
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The country is divided into six constituencies whose boundaries are determined by the act on parliamentary elections. When parliamentary elections to the Althing have been announced, the National Electoral Commission determines the Reykjavík constituency boundaries based on the population register of the National Registry five weeks before the election day
Source:
Parliamentary Election Act, Art. 7
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/3897/file/Iceland_Act_Parliamentary_Elections_to_Althing_2000_en.pdf
|
2020/07/27
|
|
India
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
Delimitation Act, 2002, Section 4:
Duties of the Commission.—(1) The readjustment made, on the basis of the census figures as ascertained at the census held in the year 1971 by the Delimitation Commission constituted under section 3 of the Delimitation Act, 1972 (76 of 1972), of the allocation of seats in the House of the People to the several States and the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of each State shall be deemed to be the readjustment made by the Commission for the purposes of this Act.
Source:
Delimitation Act, 2002, Section 4: https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=RJ&statehandle=123456789/2505&actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510§ionId=27986§ionno=4&orderno=4&orgactid=AC_RJ_83_1112_00003_00003_1591165963191
|
2024/06/12
|
|
Indonesia
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The constituencies for elections to the House of Representatives are based on the existing administrative boundaries of provinces, regencies/municipalities or combination of regencies/municipalities. In the event that this determination of constituencies cannot possibly be applied, the determination of constituencies can use a part of regency/municipality.
An electoral area for members of the Region Representatives Council is defined as a province.
The National Election Commission (KPU) is a national, permanent and independent election body that is responsible for implementing national elections. It uses population data to create electoral districts.
Source:
Law 8/2012 on General Election of the Members of House of Representatives,
People’s Representatives Council and Regional House of Representatives, Article 22, 31, and 32: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-law-8-2012-on-general-election-of-the/view
|
2024/01/31
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Elections Office of the Ministry of Interior is responsible for advising on the delimitation of electoral districts boundaries. Representatives from the Boundary Delimitation Office are members of the NEC.
Source:
IFES: "Duality By Design: The Iranian Electoral System" (2011). Electoral Management Bodies
https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/14620_2_R_Duality_by_Design__The_Iranian_Electoral_System_Yasmin_Alem.pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Iraq
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Source:
Electoral Law of the Iraqi Parliament, Article 11(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/iraq-electoral-law-of-the-iraqi-parliament-2013/view
|
2018/04/15
|
|
Ireland
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
d. Boundary Commission
|
An independent Constituency Commission draws up a revised scheme of constituencies which is given effect by an Act of the Oireachtas (National Parliament).
Source:
Constituency Commission establishment order S.I. No. 396 of 2011;
Official Website of the Constituency Commission: http://www.constituency-commission.ie/index.htm
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Israel
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
BASIC LAW: THE KNESSET (5718 - 1958) Art.4: https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/Documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawTheKnesset.pdf
The Knesset Website: https://m.knesset.gov.il/en/mk/pages/elections.aspx
Central Election Commission: https://bechirot21.bechirot.gov.il/election/English/About/Pages/KnesetElectionPrinciple_eng.aspx
Dr. Susan Hattis Rolef, The Knesset Research and Information Center
|
2019/04/30
|
|
Italy
|
f. A government department or agency
|
The Central Directorate for Electoral Services ("Direzione Centrale dei Servizi Elettorali"), a department of the Ministry of Interior.
Source:
Electoral Law: "Testo unico delle leggi elettorali", art. 3
https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.del.presidente.della.repubblica:1957-03-30;361!vig=
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Jamaica
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
(2) As soon as practicable after the House of Representatives first meets after the appointed day or following any general election there shall be established a Standing Committee of the House consisting of-
(a) the Speaker, as Chairman;
(b) three members of the House appointed by the Prime Minister; and
(c) three members of the House appointed by the Leader of the Opposition.
(3) It shall be the function of the Standing Committee to keep under continuous review-
(a) the number of constituencies into which Jamaica is to be divided; and
(b) the boundaries of such constituencies.
Source:
Jamaica Constitution Order in Council, 1962. Section 67(2)
|
2025/09/18
|
|
Japan
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
d. Boundary Commission
|
For the lower house, the advise on the delimitation of constituencies made by the Boundary Commission must be accepted by the legislature. For the upper house, the boundary is based on the existing local jurisdiction boundaries.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 47:
https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html;
Public Offices Election Act, Art. 13 & 14:https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325AC1000000100
Order for Enforcement of the Public Offices Election Act, Ch.2:
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325CO0000000089#C
Act for Establishment of the Council on the House of Representative Electoral District;https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=406AC0000000003#16
IFES"Delimitation Equity Project Resource Guide":
https://ifes.org/sites/default/files/delimitations_manual_full_0.pdf
|
2021/09/17
|
|
Jordan
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Electoral constituencies are determined in the Election Law, and approved by the Cabinet.
Source:
The 2012 Parliament Elections Law No. 25, art. 8: http://www.entikhabat.jo/Documents/Laws/Election%20Law%20No%2025%20of%202012.pdf (2013);
Official Website of the Independent Election Commission: http://www.entikhabat.jo/Public/DefaultDetails.aspx?id=147&type=menudetails (2013)
|
2017/09/20
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
1. Constituencies shall be formed by territorial election commissions.
2. The list of electoral districts, indicating their boundaries and the locations of territorial election commissions, shall be published in the relevant media by the relevant election commissions no later than ten days after the appointment or announcement of elections.
Source:
Constitutional Law on Elections of the Republic of Kazakhstan, amended as of May 25, 2020, article 22.
https://www.election.gov.kz/eng/election-legal-framework/the-laws-of-the-rk.php
|
2024/09/10
|
|
Kenya
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission shall review the names and boundaries of constituencies at intervals of between 8 to 12 years. However, any such review is to be completed at least 12 months before a General Election of Members of parliament. (Constitution, art. 89)
Source:
Constitution (2010), art.89: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/KE/kenya-constitution-2010/view
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Kiribati
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Electoral Commission shall, at intervals of not more than 4 years, review the number of electoral districts, the boundaries of those districts, and the number of members of the Maneaba to be elected to represent each electoral district, taking account of the most recent census date for citizens of Kiribati, subject to the provisions of section 118 (4) of this Constitution; and the movement of people within Kiribati.
The Maneaba may approve or reject the recommendations of the Commission under the preceding subsection but may not vary them; and, if so approved, the Chairman of the Commission shall thereupon by order under this Constitution make provision for the recommendations as have been so approved which shall have effect as from the date of the next dissolution of the Maneaba.
Source:
Article 63, Constitution of Kiribati
|
2024/11/24
|
|
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
|
i. No information available
|
|
2014/06/09
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
A delimitation committee for National Assembly elections is established under the National Election Commission. This committee is responsible for drafting boundary proposals, which are then confirmed by the National Assembly through legislation. Additionally, a separate delimitation committee for the elections of Gu/Si/Gun Council members is established within the relevant Si/Do (provinces).
Source:
Public Official Election Act, Article 24: https://www.nec.go.kr/site/eng/ex/bbs/List.do?cbIdx=1280
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Kuwait
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Electoral constituencies are determined by law.
Source:
Constitution, art. 81: http://www.pm.gov.kw/en/state_Of_Kuwait/kuwaitConstitution.jsp (2013)
|
2013/01/30
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
h. Not applicable
|
The whole territory of the Kyrgyz Republic is a single constituency to conduct presidential election or election of the Jogorku Kenesh deputies.
Source:
Constitutional Law No 68 of 2011 (amended 2020) “On elections of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic and deputies of Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic”, art. 13 (1): https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a1/KYRG_Const%20Laww%20on%20Elections%20of%20President%20and%20MPs.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Each province, municipality and special zone is considered as a constituency for the election of members of the National Assembly of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic.
If any province or special zone is dissolved or established, the National Assembly Standing Committee is responsible for determining the distribution of members of the National Assembly in such constituency in accordance with the actual circumstances12, to ensure the regular13 exercise of the rights and duties of representatives of the people.
Source:
Law on Election of National Assembly (2010), Art. 14: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Law-on/view
|
2021/02/16
|
|
Latvia
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
The boundaries are determined in the Saeima Election Law which is adopted by the Saeima as the legislative body of the Republic of Latvia.
Source:
Electoral Law: The Saeima Election Law as in force on 19 July 2014: http://cvk.lv/pub/public/30870.html?doc_print=1 (2014)
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia as amended on 8 April 2009, art. 64: http://legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/4777/file/Latvia_Constitution_am2009_en.pdf (2014)
|
2014/10/09
|
|
Lebanon
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Chamber of Deputies (Parliament)
Source:
Constitution, art. 24: http://www.presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%20Constitution.pdf ;
Parliamentary Election Law No. 44 of 2017, art. 2, Appendix 1:
http://www.mfa.gov.lb/Library/Files/Uploaded%20Files/Lebanese%20electoral%20law%202017.pdf
https://www.ministryinfo.gov.lb/en/22598
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Independent Electoral Commission is responsible for constituency demarcation.
Source:
Constitution of Lesotho, art. 66A(1);
National Assembly Electoral Act 135(f)
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Liberia
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The National Elections Commission
Source:
The New Elections Law (2016, with amendments up until and including 2014), Chapter 1, Art. 1.2 (l), http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
The 1986 Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, Art. 80 (e), http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The High Electoral Commission is responsible for organizing, managing and supervising the electoral process.
Source:
Law No. 4 on the Election of the General National Congress, Art. 4. (National Transitional Council of Libya): (Eng) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/libya-law-no.-4-of-2012-on-the-election-of-the-e/view
(Arabic) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/libya-law-no.-4-of-2012-on-the-election-of-the/view
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
h. Not applicable
|
The region of Vaduz (Oberland, Upper Country) and the region of Schellenberg (Unterland, Lower Country) were independent lordships of the Holy Roman Empire. They are still recognized as unique regions and form separate electoral districts.
Source:
Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein [2014], Art. 46: https://www.llv.li/files/rdr/Verfassung-E-01-02-2014.pdf
|
2025/02/04
|
|
Lithuania
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Central Electoral Commission, no later than 210 days before an election, shall establish, and no later than 180 days before an election, shall announce on its website the list of polling districts forming constituencies, the addresses and telephone numbers of their polling stations, the number of voters in the constituency, and the addresses and telephone numbers of constituency electoral committees.
Source:
Republic of Lithuania, Law on the Elections to the Seimas (9 July 1992, as last amended on 22 March 2016 – No XII-2265), art. 9 (1)
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/89e6d1a0f58111e5bf4ee4a6d3cdb874?jfwid=tu0odnkka
|
2020/06/01
|
|
Luxembourg
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
There is only one chamber in Luxembourg (Chamber of deputies)
Source:
Electoral law of 18 February 2003, Art. 132; https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/68/Luxembourg_electoral%20code_2003_amended2016_FR.pdf
Constitution, Art. 51(6): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Luxembourg_2009
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Election districts comprise (consist) of the polling stations within the municipal borders where the citizens exercise their election right. (Art 174 (1))
The territorial division of the Republic and the area administered by each municipality are defined by law. (Constitution f the Republic of Macedonia, Art. 116)
Source:
Electoral Code of the Republic of Macedonia including 2021 amendments, article. 174 (1): https://www.ifes.org/document/northmacedoniaelectoralcodeupdatesseptember2021pdf
Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia as amended 2011, Art. 116: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/mk/mk014en.pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Madagascar
|
c. Executive
|
The electoral constituencies are delimited by decree of the Council of Ministers.
Source:
Constitution, art. 70: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/constitution.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/07
|
|
Malawi
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Malawi Electoral Commission is responsible for delimitation every five years, which is submitted to the National Assembly for approval.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the republic of Malawi, art. 76, 2(a).
|
2025/04/14
|
|
Malaysia
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Where the Election Commission have provisionally determined to make recommendations affecting any constituency, they shall inform the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Prime Minister accordingly, and shall publish in the Gazette and in at least on newspaper circulating in the constituency a notice stating.
Source:
Constitution, schedule 13, art. 4: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Maldives
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Elections Commission shall fix, vary, demarcate and continuously review
the boundaries and names of constituencies or voting units in all elections in accordance with principles specified by law and provide for publication of any amendments in the Government Gazette.
Source:
Constitution 2008, art. 170 (e): http://www.majlis.gov.mv/en/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-english.pdf (2018)
|
2019/02/11
|
|
Mali
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
The responsible body is the National Assembly (Chamber 1)
Source:
Article 70 de la Constitution.
Verified by Mamadou Seck, Forum Civil, [email protected], 2008-02-20
|
2008/03/28
|
|
Malta
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
e) The Electoral Commission
Source:
Constitution, Art. 61 (1): http://www.parlament.mt/constituion-of-malta?l=1 (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Boundaries are set in the constitution, but "Subject to paragraphs (4) and(5) of this Section, the Nitijela may, by Act, amend paragraph (1) of this Section so as to vary the total number of members of the Nitijela, or the number of electoral districts, or their geographic boundaries, or the number of members to be elected from any electoral district."
Source:
Constitution, art. 4 (2). https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Marshall_Islands_1995
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Martinique
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
a) Both chambers.
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Mauritania
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
|
Source:
Organic Law No. 2012 - 029 amending certain provisions of Ordinance No. 91-028 of 7 October 1991, as amended, concerning the organic law on the election of deputies to the National Assembly, art. 17, 3
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Mauritius
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Electoral Boundaries Commission delimits and reviews constituencies and their boundaries and proposes changes to the National Assembly. The National Assembly can either accept or decline the suggested changes, but can not alter the Electoral Boundaries Commission's submission (The members appointed are usually the same as those appointed to the Electoral Supervisory Commission).
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Mauritius, art. 39
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mexico
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The General Council of the National Electoral Institute (INE) is who dictates the necessary guidelines to update the electoral cartography of the country.
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41 (V [Apartado B(b.6)]): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 214 (1 & 2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
The congress is responsible for drawing electoral boundaries.
Source:
The National Election Code, Title 9: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/title09/T09_Ch03.htm
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
c. Executive
d. Boundary Commission
|
Parliamentary elections are organised on the basis of a national constituency, which covers the whole
territory of the Republic of Moldova and the polling stations established abroad, as well as on the basis of 51
Single Member Constituencies, including the ones established for localities from the left bank of Nistru River
(Transnistria) and abroad. The Single Member Constituencies shall be approved by the Government based on a decision issued
by an independent commission, which composition shall be defined by a Government decision.
Source:
Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova 2019, article 80: 1-2.
https://cec.md/storage/ckfinder/files/cec-electoral-code-2019.pdf
|
2019/02/18
|
|
Monaco
|
h. Not applicable
|
Due to its limited territory, the whole country forms one constituency.
Source:
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002; https://legimonaco.mc/tnc/loi/1968/02-23-839/
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE) Principality of Monaco Parliamentary Elections (February 2023) https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/f/3/536503.pdf
|
2023/09/11
|
|
Mongolia
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
The Parliament draws the boundaries and sets the number of mandates in districts (constituencies), mandate numbers, territories, and centers within at least six months before the polling day.
The General Election Commission may put forward a proposal to change districts to the Parliament in case a change made to the division of administrative and territorial units can affect the structure of districts and in case the population size changed by more than 20 percent in a particular district in the period following the previous election can affect the structure of the district.
Source:
Electoral Law of 15 December 2011, Art. 12 (1, 4): https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/5845/file/Mongolia-Election-Law_2011_en.pdf
Mongolian Law on Election, amended 2016; art. 22
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7739/file/Mongolia_law_elections_2015_am2016_en.pdf
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Montenegro
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2021/12/20
|
|
Montserrat
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
7. The Supervisor of Elections may from time to time vary the number,
description and boundaries of the polling divisions.
(Substituted by Act 2 of 2000)
Source:
Elections Act, art 7
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Morocco
|
f. A government department or agency
|
Article 199: "Les circonscriptions électorales sont créés par arrêté du ministre de l'intérieur." Translation: Electoral constituencies are created by order of the Minister of the Interior.
Source:
Law No. 9.97 forming the electoral code, Article 199 (1997): https://www.chambredesrepresentants.ma/sites/default/files/loi9.97.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Mozambique
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
The constituencies for electing the deputies of the Assembly of the Republic coincide with the administrative areas of the provinces and of Maputo City which are defined by the legislature. Voters resident outside the country form two constituencies, one for the countries of the African region, and the other for the remaining countries, both with their headquarters in Maputo city.
The President is elected from a single country-wide constituency.
Source:
Law No. 8/2013 of 27 February 2013 regulating presidential and legislative elections (as amended by Law No. 12/2014), art. 131, 164: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/Mozambique-Law-No.-12-2014-of-13-April-2014/view (2014)
|
2014/10/02
|
|
Namibia
|
c. Executive
|
A Delimitation Commission (DC) is appointed by the President upon approval of the National Assembly to delimit regional and local government seats.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Namibia, art. 103, 104; Schedule 4.
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Nauru
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
g. Other
|
Constituencies are designated in the Constitution along with the number of Parliamentary seats allocated to each. The constituencies and allocation of seats to each can be changed by Parliament.
Source:
Constitution 1968, Art. 28 & Schedule 2. (http://www.naurugov.nr/media/21406/constitution_19.5.1968.pdf)
|
2019/06/27
|
|
Nepal
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Election Constituency Delimitation Commission.
Source:
The Constitution of Nepal, 2015 Article 286 (1) http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2016/01/constitution-of-nepal-2.pdf
|
2018/04/03
|
|
Netherlands
|
g. Other
|
The Elections Act, which was signed by the State Secretary of the Interior and the Minister of Justice, is the legislation that determines the electoral districts.
Source:
Act of 28 September 1989 containing new provisions governing the franchise and elections (Elections Act), Ch. E, Section E1;
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/Netherlands/Netherlands_Elections%20Act_1989am2009.pdf
|
2017/03/21
|
|
New Caledonia
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Chamber 1: Assemblée Nationale.
|
2003/11/28
|
|
New Zealand
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Electoral Commission is an independent statutory body that reviews and redraws New Zealand’s electorate boundaries every five years.
"It shall be the duty of the Commission to divide New Zealand into General electoral districts from time to time in accordance with this section [35] and section 269."
The Government Statistician obtains census results and other information specified under section 77(6) from the Electoral Commission. The Government Statistician then reports the results of the census and their calculation of the Maori electoral population to the Surveyor-General and other members of the Commission. After receiving the Government Statistician's report, the Surveyor-General shall prepare maps showing the distribution of the population and provisional boundaries for the electoral districts. The Surveyor-General shall then call a meeting of the Commission.
Source:
Electoral Act 1993, Art. 28, 35:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/NZ/new-zealand-electoral-act-2010/view (2017)
|
2024/07/02
|
|
Nicaragua
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Regional boundaries determined in the Law on Administrative Political Division are used. The political and administrative division of the national territory is the responsibility of the National Assembly.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 132 (1), 138 (20):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/constitucion/constitucion-politica-de-nicaragua-con-reformas-a/ (2016);
Electoral Law No. 331: “Ley Electoral No. 331 (enmendada por la ley No. 790 del 23/05/2012)”, art. 17:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/leyes-electorales/nicaragua-ley-no.-331-ley-electoral-2012/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Niger
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
The Constitution explicitly provides that electoral constituencies are delimited by law.
Source:
Constitution (2010), art. 99: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/NE/niger-constitution-2010/view
|
2017/01/31
|
|
Nigeria
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Independent National Electoral Commission
Source:
Constitution 1999 (as amended), art. 71, 73: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013)
|
2015/02/14
|
|
Niue
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
The Constitution allows for constituencies to be modified by law, though there must always be 14 constituencies respecting traditional communities of interest and must have relatively equal populations.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 16; Niue Assembly Act 1966, as amended, Sec. 5.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
The legislature may provide for the registration of voters, nomination of candidates, absentee voting, secrecy in voting, administration of elections, resolution of election contests, and other matters with respect to election procedures.
Source:
https://cnmilaw.org/cons.php#gsc.tab=0
Constitution, Article 8, section 3
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Norway
|
g. Other
|
Each county constitutes a constituency. Specific provisions on the division of the Realm into constituencies shall be determined by law.
Source:
The Election Act, Ch. 11, Art. 11-1
Constitution, Art 57 (6)
|
2017/05/19
|
|
Oman
|
h. Not applicable
|
The Shura Council should consist of elected members and represent all wilayats of the Sultanate. The number of Shura Council members identified should be according to the population of the wilayats.
The wilayat which has population of less than 30,000 will get one representative and the wilayats which have population of over 30,000 will have two representatives.
Source:
Basic Statute of the State, as amended by Royal Decree No. 99/2011, art. 58 (bis 8): http://www.omantribune.com/index.php?page=news_main_page&id=1772 (2013);
ROYAL DECREE NO. 86/97 On the Formation of The Council of Oman, art. 21 (a, b): http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/83508/92277/F2092950230/OMN83508.pdf (1997)
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Oman_2011.pdf?lang=en (2019)
|
2025/04/29
|
|
Pakistan
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Election Commission of Pakistan.
The Commission shall delimit territorial constituencies for elections to the National Assembly, each Provincial Assembly and to the local governments in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, this Act, the Rules and the applicable local
government law.
Source:
Election Act including 2023 amendments, art. 17: https://ecp.gov.pk/storage/files/2/Elections%20Act%202017%20updated/Updated%20Elections%20Act%202017-231011-105435.pdf
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Palau
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
Reapportionment Commission.
Source:
Constitution, Art. IX (4).
|
2016/11/02
|
|
Palestine
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
f. A government department or agency
|
The Commission, in consultation with the Higher Council for Planning, shall put forth a bylaw that defines the boundaries of each electoral constituency.
Source:
Elections Law 2 September 2007 regulating general elections, art. 7 (2): http://www.elections.ps/Portals/0/pdf/Election_Law_%282007-Sept_02%29-EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/08
|
|
Panama
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Electoral Tribunal, after consultation with the legally established political parties, elaborates a bill for the delimitation of electoral constituencies and presents it to the Legislative Assembly for approval.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”, art. 147: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
|
2024/12/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
The number of open electorates and of provincial electorates and their boundaries shall be determined by the Parliament in accordance with recommendations from the Boundaries Commission.
Source:
Organic Law on National and Local-level Government Elections, Section 26: http://www.pngec.gov.pg:7780/i/pngec/organic_law.pdf (2012);
Constitution, Section 125 (1): http://www.igr.gov.pg/constitution.pdf (2012)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
g. Other
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitución Nacional de la República del Paraguay:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/constitucion/Paraguay%20%281992%29.pdf/ (1992)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
Peru
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
The National Jury of Elections [Jurado Nacional de Elecciones] is the body legally responsible for drawing the electoral districts and for establishing the size of those constituencies.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política del Perú”, 12th Final Arrangement / 12ª Disposición final: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-constitucion-politica-2019/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley 26859, orgánica de elecciones”, art. 21: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-26859-organica-elecciones-2019/
|
2020/01/28
|
|
Philippines
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
|
Within three years following the return of every census, the Congress shall make a reapportionment of legislative districts based on the standards provided in this section.
Source:
Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 5 (4):
http://www.gov.ph/the-philippine-constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-vi/ (2013)
http://www.asianlii.org/ph/legis/const/1987/7.html (2019)
|
2019/04/24
|
|
Poland
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
|
§ 2 The division of the municipality into permanent voting circuits, shall be determined through a resolution of the municipal council on motion of the mayor.
§ 11 In the establishment of voting circuits the municipal council also established their numbers,
boundaries and offices of the circuit electoral commissions.
Source:
Election Code: Act of 5 January 2011 on Election Code to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland, article 12: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/40/POL_Election%20Code.pdf
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
h. Not applicable
|
Article 149:
1. Members of the Assembly of the Republic are elected for constituencies that shall be geographically defined by law. The law may order the creation of plurinominal and uninominal constituencies and lay down the nature and complementarity thereof, in such a way as to ensure that votes are converted into numbers of seats in accordance with the proportional representation system and using D’Hondt’s highest-average rule.
Source:
Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Seventh Revision [2005], Article 149 (1): https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/Constitution7th.pdf
|
2024/07/03
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
g. Other
|
Such division shall be determined by the Constitutional Inspection Board of the Senatorial and Representative Districts, composed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, as Chairman, and two additional members appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico”, art. III (s. 4): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-constitucion-1970/ ;
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”, art. 9.6: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/ ;
Electoral Districts’ Law: “Determinación final de la Junta Constitucional de Revisión de Distritos Electorales Senatoriales y Representativos (2011)”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-distritos-electorales-2011/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Qatar
|
i. No information available
|
Source:
Constitution: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Romania
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Russian Federation
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
10. The CEC develops a new scheme of single-mandate electoral districts and their graphic representation and presents it in the prescribed manner to the State Duma no later than 80 days prior to the expiration of the term for which the previous scheme of single-mandate electoral districts was approved. The scheme of single-mandate electoral districts shall contain:
1) the name of each single-mandate electoral district and its number;
2) a list of municipalities or localities in each single-mandate electoral district. If the single-mandate electoral district includes part of the territory of the municipality or town, the list should describe border of this part of the territory of the municipality or town. If the single-mandate electoral district includes the entire territory of a subject of the Russian Federation, the list of municipalities and localities of inside it shall not be included;
3) the number of voters registered in each single-mandate electoral district;
4) the number of voters assigned in accordance with Part 9 of this Article to single-mandate electoral districts, with an indication of foreign countries where the voters reside.
Source:
Electoral Law: Federal Law On Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, amended as of April, 5, 2016, art. 12:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiz-9bZwf6EAxVX4skDHb15AeIQFnoECBEQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.te.gob.mx%2Fvota_elections%2Fpage%2Fdownload%2F16240&usg=AOvVaw3NYZOKj696lT-b9Q5THAwf&opi=89978449
|
2024/03/18
|
|
Rwanda
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The National Electoral Commission
Source:
Loi n°31/2005 du 24/12/2005 portant organisation et fonctionnement de la Commission Nationale Electorale (2005), art. 5(2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-loi-nb031-2005-du-24-12-2005-portant/
|
2018/11/01
|
|
Réunion
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
a) Both chambers.
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Saint Helena
|
c. Executive
|
Source:
Carol George, Office of the Chief Secretary, Saint Helena
|
2007/01/19
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
c. Executive
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Constituency Boundary Commission, which has five members appointed by Governor-General.
Source:
Constitution 1983, Section 49.
|
2020/05/13
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Constituency Boundaries Commission is responsible of reviewing the number and boundaries of the constituencies.
Source:
Constitution of Saint Lucia, Part 5, Section 58(1)
|
2011/05/31
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Boundaries Commission is composed of three members, all appointed by the Governor General: the chairman appointed on his own deliberate judgement: one member acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, and one member acting in accordance with the advice of the leader of the opposition.
Source:
Constitution of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1979: Section 33(1)and (4)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Samoa
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the mode of electing members of the Legislative Assembly, the terms and conditions of their membership, the qualifications of voters, and the manner in which the roll for each electoral constituency shall be established and kept shall be prescribed by law.
Source:
Samoa Constitution: https://www.palemene.ws/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-Eng.pdf (2021)
|
2021/04/08
|
|
San Marino
|
h. Not applicable
|
The whole country forms one constituency.
Source:
Electoral law N.6 of 31 January 1996, Art. 10 (1): http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21801leggi_5336.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/25
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Existing administrative boundaries are used.
Source:
Electoral Law of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe n.º 11/90 of 26 November 1990, as amended (latest amendment - 2006),
art. 17: http://www.stj.st/download/Lei_Eleitoral.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Shura Council Law: http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Laws+and+Regulations/The+Shura+Council+and+the+rules+and+regulations+job/Shura+Council+Law/ (2012);
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Senegal
|
h. Not applicable
|
Each departmental administrative division forms one constituency.
Source:
Electoral Code 2012, art. L.146, L.147: http://www.elections2012.sn/images/stories/CE2012.pdf (2017)
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Serbia
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2022/07/05
|
|
Seychelles
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
112.(3)In determining the number and boundaries of the electoral areas on Mahe and Praslin the Electoral Commission−
116.(1) The Electoral Commission-
(b)shall keep under continuous review the number and boundaries of the electoral areas into which Mahe and Praslin are divided having regard to article 112 (3)
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (1993), Article 112;116
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
|
2025/02/27
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Electoral Commission shall review the division of Sierra Leone into constituencies at intervals of not less than five and not more than seven years, and may alter the constituencies. Where the boundaries of any constituency are altered, that alteration shall come into effect upon the next dissolution of Parliament after the alteration has been approved by the Parliament.
Source:
Constitution (2008), art. 38: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-constitution-2008/
|
2017/01/12
|
|
Singapore
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The National Independent Electoral Commission will be in charge of the delimitation of constituencies and wards.
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act (revised 2011) Article 9, 20A
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/SG/singapore-parliamentary-elections-act-2011/view (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Slovakia
|
g. Other
|
(2) The distribution of the election wards and polling stations within them shall be specified by the Presiding Councillor of the municipality, Mayor of the town (hereinafter referred to as ”Mayor”) or Mayor of municipality within the Capital of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava and the town of Košice not later than 40 days before the polling day.
Source:
Act on Elections to the National Council (2004), Part 2, Section 6 (2)
https://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/4420
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Slovenia
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
art. 21: Constituencies and electoral districts shall be determined by law.
Source:
National Assembly Election Act, 21.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SI/national-assembly-elections-act/view
|
2017/03/30
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
Art. 54 (1):For the purpose of the election of members of Parliament, Solomon Islands shall be divided into such number of constituencies, being not less than fifty and not more than seventy, and each constituency shall have such boundaries, as may be prescribed by Parliament by resolution on a recommendation of the Constituency Boundaries Commission in accordance with subsection (4) of this section.
Art. 54 (4)Parliament may, by resolution, approve or reject the recommendations of the Constituency Boundaries Commission but may not vary them; and, if so approved the recommendations shall have effect as from the next dissolution of Parliament.
Source:
Constitution of 1978, Amended 2014 and 2018 Art. 54 (1,4).
Constitution (2014): https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_Islands_2014.pdf?lang=en
Amendment 2018: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-constitution-amendment-2018
|
2019/02/28
|
|
Somalia
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The National Independent Electoral Commission will be in charge of the delimitation of constituencies and wards.
Source:
Transitional Constitution of 2012, Art. 111G (2-e): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
|
2016/11/25
|
|
South Africa
|
d. Boundary Commission
f. A government department or agency
|
The Demarcation Board, after consultation with the Independent Electoral Commission, delimits municipalities that must have wards, into wards.
Source:
Electoral Law: Local Government Municipal Structures Act, Chapter 1: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/Local%20Government%20Municipal%20Structures%20Act%201998.pdf/view.
|
2014/05/01
|
|
South Sudan
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The National Electoral Commission shall determine the geographical constituencies.
Source:
National Elections Act 2012, art. 14 (2-e), 38: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SS/south-sudan-the-national-elections-act-no.-39-of/view
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Spain
|
g. Other
|
The Constitution regulates the territorial organisation of the State in councils, provinces, and Autonomous Communities (Comunidades Autónomas).
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Española", art. 137:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-constitucion-espanola-2011-2016/;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General”, arts. 161, 179 & 214:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-ley-organica-5-1985-de-19-de-junio-del-1/
|
2025/04/01
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Delimitation Commission shall divide Sri Lanka into not less than twenty and not more than *[twenty-five] Electoral Districts and shall assign names thereto
Source:
Constitution, Art. 96(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LK/sri-lanka-constitution-as-amended-up-to-9/at_download/file
|
2016/01/28
|
|
Sudan
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The National Elections Commission
Source:
The National Elections Act 2008, art. 10 (2, d): http://www.gurtong.org/ResourceCenter/documents/Reports/Elections-09/nationalelectionsact2008.pdf (2012)
|
2012/08/31
|
|
Suriname
|
h. Not applicable
|
g) The division of Suriname in electoral districts shall be determined by law.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 60: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Suriname/english.html (2012)
https://freedomhouse.org/country/suriname/freedom-world/2024
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Swaziland
|
c. Executive
d. Boundary Commission
|
Elections and Boundaries Commission is responsible for the demarcation and the conduct of elections.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90(7)(c) & 91.
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Sweden
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 2005, Ch. 4, Section 1, 2 : http://www.val.se/pdf/2005_elections_act.pdf (2012);
The Instrument of Government, Ch. 3, Art. 5: Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Start/Bestall/Sprakversioner/English---engelska1/Sveriges-grundlagar-och-riksdagsordningen1/ (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
g. Other
|
Each canton forms an electoral constituency. Boundaries are drawn by agreement between the cantons concerned.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 53, 149 (3): https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/201506140000/101.pdf (2015)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Tajikistan
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Central Commission for Elections and Referenda has the following authorities:
2) Forms single mandate constituencies for the elections of deputies to the Majlisi namoyandagon and gives them names and numbers.
Source:
Constitutional Law On Elections to the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan, as amended as of July 26, 2014, article 12.
|
2025/02/19
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Electoral Commission shall have the power to review and demarcate the boundaries of constituencies after obtaining the consent of the President.
Source:
Constitution, art. 74 (6-c), 75 (2): http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf
|
2015/10/21
|
|
Thailand
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Upon a general election of members of the House of Representatives, the Election Commission shall publish in the Government Gazette the designation of constituencies of the election on a constituency basis.
Source:
Organic Act B.E. 2541 on the Election of Members of the House of Representatives and Senators, Sec. 8: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/TH/thailand-organic-act-on-the-election-of-members-of/view;
Organic Act on the Election Commission, Sec. 10 (9): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/TH/thailand-organic-act-on-the-election-commission/at_download/file
|
2023/10/04
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Law on the Election of the National Parliament of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, article 9:
https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/Election%20Law%20East%20Timor%20%28Pres%29.pdf
|
2024/10/02
|
|
Togo
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Source:
Organic Law of 18/06/2012 fixing the number of members of the National Assembly, the eligibility criteria and the incompatibilities, art. 5 (4): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TG/togo-organic-law-of-18-06-2012-fixing-the-number/view
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Tonga
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
The Electoral Boundaries Commission
Source:
The Electoral Boundaries Commission Act 2010, Art. 16
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/tonga-electoral-boundaries-commission-act-2010-1 (2021)
|
2021/09/13
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
d. Boundary Commission
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Elections and Boundaries Commission is responsible for reviewing the number and boundaries of the constituencies into which Trinidad and Tobago is divided. A report in this regard is submitted every two to five years to the Prime Minister and the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”, Section 72 & Second Schedule “Boundaries of Constituencies”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act”, Registration Rules, Section 3(2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-rop-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Tunisia
|
g. Other
|
The Electoral Law requires that constituencies be defined by law. However, until the law on boundary delimitation is passed, the same division of electoral constituencies and number of seats adopted for the election of the National Constituent Assembly shall be used.
Source:
Organic Law n° 2014-16 of 26 May 2014 on Elections and Referenda, art. 106, 173: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/view (2014);
Legislative decree No 35 of 10 May 2011, on the election of a National Constituent Assembly, art. 33: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-decree-no.-35-dated-10-may-on-the-election/view (2014);
Decree n° 2011-1088 of 3 August 2011 on the delimitation of electoral constituencies and the determination of the number of seats allocated to them for the election of National Constituent Assembly: http://www.legislation-securite.tn/sites/default/files/D%C3%A9cret%20n%C2%B0%202011-1088%20du%203%20Ao%C3%BBt%202011%20(Fr).pdf (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Procedures related to election shall be executed by election boards.
Source:
Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 9: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Central Commission for Elections and the Conduct of Referenda in Turkmenistan
Source:
Law of Turkmenistan on Elections of Deputies of the Mejlis of Turkmenistan (2008), art. 10
|
2013/03/05
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
d. Boundary Commission
|
An Electoral District Boundary Commission must be appointed every four years to review the boundaries of the Electoral districts into which the Islands are divided and submit a report holding its recommendations on whether to keep or change those boundaries.
Source:
Constitution: “The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands”, Section 60 & 61(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-constitution-2014/
|
2020/10/08
|
|
Tuvalu
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
c. Executive
|
Constitution
82. (1): Subject to subsection (3), Parliament shall consist of such number of members as is fixed by or under an Act of Parliament and a Bill for an Act to amend the number of members so fixed shall not be passed by Parliament unless it is supported at its Third Reading by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the members of Parliament. (5): Nothing in this Constitution prevents an Act of Parliament from making special provision for the representation of a part of Tuvalu with special electoral problems, or related problems.
Electoral Provisions (Parliament) Act 3: For the purpose of this Act and sections 82(4) and (5) and 83 of the Constitution, Tuvalu shall be divided into 8 electoral districts which shall be known by the names, consist of the areas and return the number of members specified in relation thereto in Schedule.
Electoral Provisions (Parliament) Act 4:(1) For the purpose of registration of electors and the conduct of elections the Minister may by notice divide any electoral district into such number of electoral wards as he may think fit, and may assign such name as he may deem appropriate to any electoral ward.
Source:
Electoral Provisions Ordinance, art. 3 and 4:https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1980/1980-0002/ElectoralProvisionsParliamentAct_1.pdf
Constitution of Tuvalu, art. 82 (1) and (5):http://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_1.pdf
|
2019/02/25
|
|
Uganda
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Electoral Commission
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 61 (c): http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf (2016)
|
2016/02/08
|
|
Ukraine
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Electoral constituencies are determined by the Central Election Commission, which should publish a list of the constituencies on its website no later than 175 days before the election.
Source:
The Law on Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine (last amended in 2019), art. 18 (1, 4):
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/4061-17
Law on Central Election Commission, (last amended in 2018), article 17(7):
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/1932-15
|
2019/03/12
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 68:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Arab_Emirates_2009?lang=en
|
2019/09/25
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
d. Boundary Commission
|
Recommendations and proposals are suggested by Boundary Commission reports, and are then submitted, by the Secretary of State, for approval by Parliament (i.e. the House of Commons and the House of Lords).
Source:
Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986 (c.56), Art. 3, 4, https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1986/56/contents
|
2025/06/12
|
|
United States of America
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
b. Legislature (2nd chamber)
d. Boundary Commission
f. A government department or agency
g. Other
|
Redistricting bodies vary across the United States; in some cases, the State Legislature is in charge of redistricting, in others a split partisan group or a paid external commission. In several states, the entire state comprises a single constituency.
Source:
Cook Political Report, 2012:
http://cookpolitical.com/node/10516/ ;
National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL):
https://www.ncsl.org/research/redistricting/redistricting-criteria.aspx
|
2024/10/15
|
|
Uruguay
|
h. Not applicable
|
For elections to the Chamber of Representatives each Department forms one constituency. For presidential elections and elections to the Senate the whole country forms one constituency.
Source:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, arts. 88, 94, 151, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
|
2024/12/18
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Election constituencies for the election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be formed by the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan (hereinafter — the Central Election Commission) in the borders of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regions and Tashkent city.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chapter 2, Article 9: https://lex.uz/docs/4458857?ONDATE=26.06.2019
|
2024/08/26
|
|
Vanuatu
|
g. Other
|
The President acting on the advice of the Electoral Commission.
"“constituency” means one of the constituencies into which Vanuatu is divided by Order made by the President acting on the advice of the Electoral Commission..."
"The parliamentary seats and constituencies established by the Representative Assembly (Constituencies and Membership) Regulation No. 22 of 1979 shall remain the parliamentary seats and constituencies of Vanuatu until changed or replaced by an Order made by the President acting on the advice of the Electoral Commission."
Source:
Representation of the People Act, as amended, art. 1 & 70 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
|
2016/01/25
|
|
Venezuela
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral)
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica de Procesos Electorales”, art. 19: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-ley-organica-procesos-electorales-2009/ ;
Electoral Branch Law: “Ley Orgánica del Poder Electoral”, art. 33 (11): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/leyes-electorales/venezuela-ley-organica-poder-electoral-2002/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
Viet Nam
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
The Standing Committee of the National Assembly
Source:
Law of 1997 on Election of Deputies to the National Assembly, as amended and supplemented by laws No. 31/2001/QH10 and No: 63/2010/QH12, art. 11: http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/lists/vn%20bn%20php%20lut/view_detail.aspx?itemid=2526 (2016)
|
2021/03/23
|
|
Virgin Islands, British
|
i. No information available
|
|
2019/02/08
|
|
Virgin Islands, U.S.
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
Source:
VIRGIN ISLANDS CODE, Chapter 9, art 191-193
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Wallis and Futuna
|
a. Legislature (1st chamber)
|
Chamber 1.
|
2003/11/28
|
|
Western Sahara
|
i. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Yemen
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Supreme Committee.
Source:
General Elections and Referendum Law of 2001, art. 24: http://www.scer.org.ye/english/generalelectionslaw.htm (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
Zambia
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
(4) The Electoral Commission shall determine the names and
boundaries of constituencies and wards.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Zambia, art. 58 (4)
http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/amendment_act/Constitution%20of%20Zambia%20%20%28Amendment%29,%202016-Act%20No.%202_0.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Zanzibar
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Zanzibar Electoral Commission is responsible for demarcation of constituency boundaries.
Source:
The Constitution of Zanzibar, art. 120 (1);
Electoral Act No. 11 of 1984 as amended, section 6 (1)
http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tz/tz028en.pdf (2016)
http://www.temco.udsm.ac.tz/images/stories/Electral_Laws/ZANZIBAR-ELECTION-ACT-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/04/05
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
|
The Zimbabwe Electoral Commission.
Source:
Constitution of 2013, art. 161: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Zimbabwe_2013 (2013);
Electoral Act, art.37A.
|
2023/09/21
|
