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Direct Democracy
When is the outcome of a mandatory referendum binding?
Answers # Countries
% Countries
Country List
total countries/territories: 121
a . Always
48 39.6 %
Austria ,
Azerbaijan ,
Bangladesh ,
Bolivia ,
Brazil ,
Bahamas ,
Botswana ,
Switzerland ,
Côte d'Ivoire ,
Cook Islands ,
Denmark ,
Algeria ,
Ecuador ,
Estonia ,
Spain ,
Micronesia, Federated States of ,
Ghana ,
Gambia ,
Croatia ,
Iraq ,
Iran, Islamic Republic of ,
Japan ,
Kiribati ,
Liberia ,
Lithuania ,
Latvia ,
Moldova, Republic of ,
Montenegro ,
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of ,
Mali ,
Mauritania ,
Mauritius ,
Malawi ,
Mozambique ,
Niger ,
Panama ,
Peru ,
Romania ,
Russian Federation ,
Rwanda ,
Seychelles ,
Slovenia ,
Sierra Leone ,
Senegal ,
Turkey ,
Uganda ,
Uruguay ,
Viet Nam ,
b . Under certain circumstances (specify below)
21 17.3 %
Andorra ,
Armenia ,
Australia ,
Benin ,
Costa Rica ,
Eritrea ,
Hungary ,
Korea, Republic of ,
Sri Lanka ,
Malta ,
Nigeria ,
New Zealand ,
Philippines ,
Poland ,
Paraguay ,
Sweden ,
Singapore ,
Slovakia ,
Somalia ,
Togo ,
Zimbabwe ,
c . Never
8 6.6 %
Bahrain ,
Egypt ,
Western Sahara ,
Jordan ,
Morocco ,
Sudan ,
Tunisia ,
Yemen ,
d . Not applicable
44 36.3 %
Afghanistan ,
Albania ,
Argentina ,
Bosnia and Herzegovina ,
Belgium ,
Bulgaria ,
Belarus ,
Canada ,
Chile ,
Colombia ,
Cape Verde ,
Cyprus ,
Czech Republic ,
Ethiopia ,
Finland ,
France ,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ,
Georgia ,
Greece ,
Guam ,
Israel ,
Italy ,
Kenya ,
Cambodia ,
Saint Kitts and Nevis ,
Kazakhstan ,
Lebanon ,
Liechtenstein ,
Maldives ,
Malaysia ,
Namibia ,
Netherlands ,
Norway ,
Puerto Rico ,
Palestine ,
Portugal ,
Qatar ,
Solomon Islands ,
Timor-Leste ,
Turkmenistan ,
Tonga ,
Taiwan ,
South Africa ,
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