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total countries/territories: 41
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| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
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Albania
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d. Based on mixture of principles (specify)
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Private radio and television broadcasters may prepare and transmit paid political
advertisements. In this case they are obliged to accept and transmit the advertisements in
equal time ratio for all parliamentary parties that in the latest elections to the Assembly
have obtained up to 20 percent of the seats in the Assembly. For the parties that have
obtained more than 20 percent of the seats, the equally allocated airtime is doubled. The
total airtime for transmitting political advertisements on private radio and television
stations cannot exceed 30 minutes per day.
Spots for candidates are included in the airtime of the political subject they represent.
Private radio and television broadcasters make available extra airtime for the
advertisements of non-parliamentary parties and independent candidates, in addition to
the airtime applied according to this section. The airtime for the advertisements of nonparliamentary
parties and independent candidates must not exceed 10 percent of the
airtime programmed and used for electoral advertisement. The same rates as for
parliamentary parties are applied for spots of non-parliamentary parties and independent
candidates.
Source:
Art 140 Electoral Code
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2012/02/21
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Algeria
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i. Not applicable
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Source:
Part 4, Sections 1 & 2, Articles 172 to 193 from the Algerian Election Law
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2005/05/07
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Australia
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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This is up to the discretion of the media outlet or agency.
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2005/05/12
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Austria
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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2005/06/09
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Azerbaijan
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a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
e. As agreed by special committee
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The free airtime provided by broadcasting companies shall be divided into equal terms and amounts among the registered candidates, political parties, blocs of political parties, and referendum campaign groups; and the date and air-time will be determined by a lottery conducted by relevant television/media commission.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan as amended in 2016, art. 80.6, 80.7: https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7885/file/Azerbaijan_Election_am2017_en.pdf (2018).
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2022/02/07
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Belarus
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i. Not applicable
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Source:
OSCE report on parliamentary elections in Belarus, 2004
ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and elections, Belarus
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2006/04/06
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Benin
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i. Not applicable
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Source:
Mr Theodule Nouatchi, lecturer in law at the University of Benin (Cotonou).
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2005/06/30
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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Source:
Election Law of BIH, Chapter 16
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2006/12/11
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Brazil
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h. Other (specify)
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Art. 36.
§ 2º No type of paid political advertising will be allowed on radio and television.
Article 43.
Paid advertising in the printed press and reproduction on the internet of the printed newspaper, up to the eve of the elections, is permitted, with up to 10 (ten) electoral advertisements per vehicle, on different dates, for each candidate, with a maximum space, per edition, of 1/8 (one-eighth) of a standard newspaper page and 1/4 (one-quarter) of a magazine or tabloid page.
§ 1º The advertisement must visibly state the amount paid for the insertion.
Source:
Elections Law – Law No. 9,504, of September 30, 1997, Article 36 - 57-J:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/lei-das-eleicoes/lei-das-eleicoes-lei-nb0-9.504-de-30-de-setembro-de-1997
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2024/10/22
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Bulgaria
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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The amount cannot be more, than 10.000. levs by individual.
Source:
Law for Election of National Representatives Art 68; 71/2
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2007/01/31
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Canada
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i. Not applicable
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Source:
Elections Canada
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2006/12/11
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Croatia
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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Source:
Act on election
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2005/11/14
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Cyprus
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c. Based on result of previous election
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Source:
Law 7(I)/1998 regulating radio and television stations, Art. 34D, 45(1);
OSCE Report: http://www.osce.org/el/odihr/elections/Cyprus/83083 (2012)
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2012/04/27
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Czech Republic
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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Source:
Act NO. 247 On Elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic, and on Amendments of Certain Other Acts, Dated September 27, 1995
(no regulation)
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2006/11/30
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Djibouti
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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Source:
Elections in Africa
A Data Handbook.1999, Edited by Dieter Nohlen, Bernard Thibaut, and Michael Krennerich
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2005/05/10
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Egypt
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a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
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Source:
http://www.arab-ipu.org/pdb/RelatedArticlesGvnSPName.asp?SPName=SIDX&StructuredIndexCode=ID0201010102010108&LawBookID=021020012049440
And Ministry of Information
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2008/02/04
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Eritrea
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i. Not applicable
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2011/06/22
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Germany
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a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
h. Other (specify)
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Any political party taking part in elections for the German Bundestag shall, subject to cost reimbursement, be granted a reasonable amount of transmission time if at least one state list of candidates has been approved for that party. Furthermore, any party or other political association taking part in the election of candidates from the Federal Republic of Germany for the European Parliament is entitled to a reasonable amount of transmission time if at least one electoral list has been approved, subject to cost reimbursement.
Source:
Interstate Broadcasting Agreement, Art. 42
https://germanlawarchive.iuscomp.org/?p=655#ToC51
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2021/11/29
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Greece
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
h. Other (specify)
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h. As provided by Article 14(5) of Law 3023/2002 paid printed advertisement cannot exceed 20% of the allowed maximum of the electoral expenses of the candidates. No media provide paid broadcast time to candidates.
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2012/04/13
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Kenya
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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2012/03/28
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Kiribati
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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Criteria not explicitly outlined.
Source:
Email from Ms Takiakia Maatia, Chief Electoral Officer, Department of Justice, Kiribati, January 31, 2018
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/159/55
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2020/05/05
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Lithuania
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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Source:
Law on elections to the Seimas, article 51-56.
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2005/03/29
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Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
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a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
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The media in the Republic of Macedonia are obliged to provide under equal conditions equal access on their programs in the presentations of the election programs of the candidates for Members of Parliament, political parties and groups of
voters.
Source:
atr 51 Law on election of MP's
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2005/03/23
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Malaysia
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h. Other (specify)
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h) Depends entirely on owner of media
Source:
Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
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2007/01/21
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Morocco
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i. Not applicable
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Source:
Chapter 4, Sections 1, 2, and 3, Articles 285 to 295 of the Moroccan Election Law.
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2005/05/08
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Niger
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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Source:
Pr Niandou Souley Abdoulaye
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2005/06/07
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Palestine
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a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
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Source:
Articles 54 to 59, 93, and 94 Electoral Law
http://www.arab-ipu.org/pdb/RelatedArticlesGvnSPName.asp?SPName=CHRN&StructuredIndexCode=&LawBookID=021020013748088&Year1=&Year2=&YearGorH=
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2005/06/22
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Portugal
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i. Not applicable
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This right is reserved to political parties only.
Source:
Electoral Law no. 14/79 of 16 May 1979 as amended, Art. 62, 63, 64
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2012/04/20
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Romania
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d. Based on mixture of principles (specify)
g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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Proportionality, equity, balandec communication etc.
Source:
Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 57-63.
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2005/03/30
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Russian Federation
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a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
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The law establishes the general maximum air time/ advertisement place, that can be allocated for the fee. It shall not exceed the double amount of the air time/advertisement place allocated for free.
Source:
Act on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum of 2002. N 67/ F3. Art. 51.(6).
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2005/03/28
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Saint Kitts and Nevis
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i. Not applicable
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2020/04/27
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Seychelles
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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Source:
Seychelles electoral commission manual
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2005/08/30
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Sierra Leone
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i. Not applicable
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2005/06/09
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Somalia
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g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
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Usually controlled by warlords and are clan based
Source:
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:mzSpsECs7aMJ:www.apfw.org/data/news/english/Report%2520of%2520the%2520SOJON%2520General%2520Assembly.pdf+somali+election+media+reports&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
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2005/04/25
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Spain
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a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
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Source:
Electoral Law 5/1985 of 19 June ("Ley Orgánica del Régimen Electoral General"), Art. 58
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2012/04/18
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Sudan
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a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
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Source:
Article 6 of the Law to stop bad acts.
http://www.arab-ipu.org/pdb/RelatedArticlesGvnSPName.asp?SPName=CHRN&StructuredIndexCode=&LawBookID=021020015496088&Year1=&Year2=&YearGorH=
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2006/11/20
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Tunisia
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a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
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Source:
Articles 9, 37 and 45 of the Amendment on Tunisian Election Law.
http://www.arab-ipu.org/pdb/LoadLawBook.asp?SC=021020018498827
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2005/05/08
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Turkey
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i. Not applicable
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there are no paid advertisements
Source:
ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and elections, Turkey
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2005/03/30
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Ukraine
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a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
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Source:
Art. 53-55. of parliamentary electoral law
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2005/04/02
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Yemen
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i. Not applicable
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Source:
Section 4 of the Electoral Law of Yemen 2001.
http://www.arab-ipu.org/pdb/RelatedArticlesGvnSPName.asp?SPName=CHRN&StructuredIndexCode=&LawBookID=181120033455535&Year1=&Year2=&YearGorH=
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2006/11/20
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