|
total countries/territories: 212
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Afghanistan
|
c. No information available
|
In 2014 neither the law, or the specifications within the Regulation on Political Campaign Finance mention a maximum amount permitted to be spent on advertising or in general.
Source:
Afghan Regulation on Managing Campaign Finance during 2014 Presidential and Provincial Council Elections, art. 3: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/afghanistan-regulation-on-managing-campaign/view (2014).
|
2019/09/24
|
|
Albania
|
c. No information available
|
No information is available about a maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period, but Electoral Code, Art. 90 (3) provides that:
The total expense made by a political party, including their candidates, for an electoral campaign must not exceed 10 times the highest amount that an electoral subject has received from public funds according to article 87 of this Code.
Source:
The Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania, dated 2 April 2015, 90(3)
|
2017/05/19
|
|
Algeria
|
c. No information available
|
For the last election the amount was
60,000,000 Algerian Dinars limit in presidential campaigns, 80,000,000 in the second round.
1,000,000 Algerian Dinars limit per candidate in legislative elections.
Source:
Electoral law (Loi organique n° 12-01 du 18 Safar 1433 correspondant au 12 janvier 2012 relative au régime électoral), art. 205, 207:
|
2019/09/25
|
|
American Samoa
|
a. Yes
|
|
2017/08/18
|
|
Andorra
|
b. No
|
The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising
Source:
Electoral law: 28/2007 - "Llei qualificada del règim electoral i del referèndum": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-electoral-law-2007/
|
2023/06/09
|
|
Angola
|
b. No
|
Source:
Electoral Law n.º 36/11 of 21 December 2011 regulating General Elections: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7Bc46fa0b3-c947-4440-ae92-5f1a3a275d8a%7D.pdf (2017);
Law n.º 22/10 of 3 December 2010 on Political Parties: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7Bba5a9a35-5652-4e00-ba36-89281ab1b7a6%7D.pdf (2017);
Law n.º 10/12 of 22 March 2012 regulating the funding of political parties: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7Bde0141b8-591a-4f3c-800a-4907d0711dbb%7D.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Anguilla
|
c. No information available
|
|
2015/02/27
|
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
b. No
|
Referendum Act 35&37-Discuss areas that it is illegal to spend money on during elections.
However, it does not appear that there is a spending limit on advertising
Source:
Representation of the People Act sect 35, 37
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/representation-of-the-people-act/view
Representation of the People Act Amendment 2001 sect 83
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/antigua-and-barbuda-amendment-to-the/view
|
2014/06/06
|
|
Argentina
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Law for Financing Political Parties: “Ley de Financiamiento de los partidos políticos — Ley 26215”, art. 43 bis: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-26215-financiamiento-pp-pp-2019/ (2019)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Armenia
|
a. Yes
|
During the election campaign, a candidate for deputy shall have the right to spend an amount not exceeding 10 000-fold of the minimum salary, and a political party, an alliance of political parties–– an amount not exceeding 100000-fold of the minimum salary – for conducting the election campaign, renting halls, premises, preparing (posting) campaign posters, acquiring print and other campaign materials, preparing all types of campaign materials (including print materials) to be provided to electors.
Source:
Electoral Code of 26 May 2011, art. 122 (4): http://res.elections.am/images/doc/_ecode.pdf (2013).
|
2015/12/01
|
|
Aruba
|
c. No information available
|
|
2017/07/07
|
|
Australia
|
b. No
|
There are no restrictions on the amount that can be spent in Australia at the federal level.
Source:
https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp2122/Quick_Guides/ElectionFundingStates
|
2024/09/09
|
|
Austria
|
c. No information available
|
There is no maximum amount listed however all use of finances must be reported to the Federal Commission for review and auditing. The Commission is formed and administered by the Ministry of the Interior.
Source:
Federal Act on the Functions, Financing and Election Campaigning of
Political Parties (1975)
|
2012/05/29
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
c. No information available
|
The Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan does not specify any limits on paid advertising.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan including 2024 amendments: https://msk.gov.az/uploads/qanunvericilik/Election-Code-2024.pdf
|
2024/11/12
|
|
Bahamas
|
c. No information available
|
|
2017/03/27
|
|
Bahrain
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
The Shura and Representatives Councils Law: https://regulations-references-laws-s3-bucket.s3.me-south-1.amazonaws.com/public/_pdf-1705188185067.pdf
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Bangladesh
|
c. No information available
|
|
2012/05/30
|
|
Barbados
|
c. No information available
|
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Belarus
|
c. No information available
|
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Belgium
|
c. No information available
|
|
2012/05/08
|
|
Belize
|
b. No
|
Although an amount could be set through regulations on the matter.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act, Chapter 9”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-representation-of-the-people-act-2020/ ;
International IDEA Political Finance Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=23&database_theme=302
|
2025/03/24
|
|
Benin
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Law n ° 2010-33 of 7 January 2011 setting general rules for the elections in the Republic of Benin, art. 92: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-electorale-generale-pour-2011.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/05
|
|
Bermuda
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
http://www.bermudalaws.bm/Laws/Consolidated%20Laws/Television%20Broadcasting%20Service%20Regulations%201987.pdf
|
2012/05/31
|
|
Bhutan
|
a. Yes
|
Article 283: The Election Commission shall, from time to time, fix the maximum limits of election expenses that may be incurred or authorized by registered political parties and candidates taking part in elections to Parliament and Local
Governments, including the funds received from the Election Commission.
56: Each party, in addition to the base amount received from the Fund, can incur expenditure from its own funds for
elections in the Primary Round and General Elections, up to an amount not exceeding the fund provided by the
Election Commission.
Source:
Elections Act of Bhutan (2008), Chapter 15, Article 283: https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ElectionActEnglish.pdf
Public Election Fund Rules and Regulations of the Kingdom of Bhutan, Article 56-69: https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/PublicElectionFundActEnglish.pdf
|
2024/08/27
|
|
Bolivia
|
a. Yes
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Political Parties’ Law; “Ley de Organizaciones Políticas — Ley 1096-2018”, art. 77: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-1096-2018-de-organizaciones-politicas/ (2019).
|
2024/12/10
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
c. No information available
|
No, although campaign spending in general is limited
Source:
Electoral Law: Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Art. 15.9.
https://www.izbori.ba/Documents/documents/ZAKONI/BiH_Election_Law_last_consolidated_version.pdf?v-4 (2024)
|
2025/06/26
|
|
Botswana
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions regulating this matter. The electoral law rather sets a limit on the overall election expenses of each candidate that shall not exceed US$5490.
Source:
Electoral Act of 1968 (as amended until 2012), art. 80, 81: http://www.iec.gov.bw/images/pdf/ElectoralAct.pdf (2014).
|
2014/10/28
|
|
Brazil
|
d. Not applicable
|
There are no specific legal provisions regulating this matter.
Article 43.
Paid advertising in the printed press and reproduction on the internet of the printed newspaper, up to the eve of the elections, is permitted, with up to 10 (ten) electoral advertisements per vehicle, on different dates, for each candidate, with a maximum space, per edition, of 1/8 (one-eighth) of a standard newspaper page and 1/4 (one-quarter) of a magazine or tabloid page.
§ 1º The advertisement must visibly state the amount paid for the insertion.
Article 44.
Electoral advertising on radio and television is limited to the free time defined in this law, and the broadcasting of paid advertising is prohibited.
Source:
Elections Law – Law No. 9,504, of September 30, 1997, Article 36 - 57-J:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/lei-das-eleicoes/lei-das-eleicoes-lei-nb0-9.504-de-30-de-setembro-de-1997
|
2024/10/22
|
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html (2013);
Freedom House Report 2012: http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2012/brunei (2013)
|
2013/03/18
|
|
Bulgaria
|
d. Not applicable
|
restriction on the total amount of funding for campaign of parties, coalitions and initiative committees
Source:
Electoral Law: Election Code, art. 165
|
2014/10/03
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Electoral Code as amended in 2015: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/Code_électoral_BF-Version_21.05.2015.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
b. No
|
Source:
The Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law: http://www.altsean.org/Research/2010/Resources/Laws/Pyithu%20Hluttaw%20Election%20Law.pdf (2013);
The Political Parties Registration Law No. 2 /2010 with the 2011 amendments: http://www.altsean.org/Research/2010/Resources/Laws/Political%20Parties%20Registration%20Law.pdf (2013);
Thai Action Committee for Democracy in Burma, Election Summary Report of Burma Parliamentary & Local Assembly Elections held in November 2010: http://www.tourismtransparency.org/sites/default/files/reports/An%20Election%20of%20Generals.pdf (2013).
|
2015/11/17
|
|
Burundi
|
b. No
|
Source:
Electoral Code: https://courconstitutionnelle.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Code-Electoral_30092024095027.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Cambodia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Law on the Election of the Members of the National Assembly: http://ngocedaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/tmp_11849-Draft-of-LEMNA-by-CNRP-CPP_March_08_2015132491924.pdf;
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Cameroon
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
|
2012/08/10
|
|
Canada
|
c. No information available
|
Electoral law addresses overall campaign expenditure.
Source:
Elections Canada: Backgrounders: Financing of Registered Political Parties – New Rules on January 1, 2004 (http://www.elections.ca/content.asp?section=gen&document=ec90532&dir=bkg&lang=e&textonly=false)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Cape Verde
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provision regulating this matter.
Source:
Electoral Law as amended by Law No 56/VII/2010, art. 128: http://www.parlamento.cv/userfiles/image/site/Leis/Altera%20o%20C%C3%B3digo%20Eleitoral%20-%20texto%20integrante.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
a. Yes
|
Although the limit is set for all election expenses, meaning each candidate cannot spend more than 40,000 Cayman Dollars in total.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Elections Act (2021 Revision)”, Section 67: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-elections-act-2021-revision/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
Central African Republic
|
b. No
|
There is no limit.
Source:
Electoral Law N° 09.016: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016);
|
2021/04/19
|
|
Chad
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Electoral Law N° 003/PR/2008 amended by law n° 008/PR/2009, law n° 007/PR/2010 and law n° 020/PR/2010: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Chad_Electoral%20code_2009_fr.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/23
|
|
Chile
|
b. No
|
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Constitucional sobre Votaciones Populares y Escrutinios (2016)”, art. 30 - 38:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-ley-sobre-votaciones-populares-y-escrutinios/
Electoral Law: “Ley sobre Transparencia, Límite y Control del Gasto Electoral (2016)”, art. 4 - 6:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-ley-sobre-el-gasto-electoral-2017/
|
2025/03/25
|
|
China
|
c. No information available
|
|
2009/10/19
|
|
Cocos (keeling) Islands
|
c. No information available
|
|
2019/07/11
|
|
Colombia
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Law 1475 of 2011: “Ley 1475 de 2011 sobre los partidos y movimientos políticos”, art. 37, 54: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-ley-1475-de-2011-sobre-partidos-politicos/ (2011).
|
2024/12/13
|
|
Comoros
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions regulating this issue.
Source:
Law No 10-018/AU Amending certain provisions of the Electoral Act No. 07-001/AU of 14 January 2007
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/KM/comores-electoral-law-2010/view (2016)
|
2016/04/12
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Election law of 24 November 2001: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2017)
Election law of 24 November 2001, Amended 2016
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-amendments-2016/view
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
b. No
|
There are no legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Loi électorale (2015), art. 30: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CD/congo-kinshasa-rdc-loi-electorale-2015/
|
2016/11/29
|
|
Cook Islands
|
c. No information available
|
|
2014/06/05
|
|
Costa Rica
|
b. No
|
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley 8765: Código Electoral”, art. http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-ley-8765-codigo-electoral-2018.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
Croatia
|
c. No information available
|
|
2020/07/06
|
|
Cuba
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/
|
2023/09/12
|
|
Cyprus
|
b. No
|
There are no spending limits, but recently campaigns have to provide a detailed expenditure account to the Auditor General.
Source:
The Broadcasting and Broadcasting Laws of 1998 (7 (I) / 1998)Art. 34
http://www.cylaw.org/nomoi/enop/non-ind/1998_1_7/full.html
Law 7(I)/1998 Regulating Radio and Television Stations (Greek Version), Art. 46(1):
http://www.cylaw.org/nomoi/enop/non-ind/1998_1_7/full.html (2016);
Presidential Election, 28 January 2018 OSCE/ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report p. 6
https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/cyprus/363771?download=true
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Cyprus (North)
|
c. No information available
|
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Czech Republic
|
b. No
|
There is no provisions regarding the maximum amount that political party is permitted to spend on print media. There is nearly no restrictions during the campaign period and it can offer paid political advertisement. However, the use of political paid advertisement is prohibited in the electronic media, both public and private.
--this was corroborated in the OSCE's 17/18 report, available on ACE---
Source:
OSCE/ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report on Parliamentary Elections 28-29 MAY 2010 in Czech Republic (Warsaw, 2010): http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/67702 (2017_
Czech Republic: Needs Assessment Mission Report, Parliamentary and Presidential Elections 2017, 2018 OSCE/ODIHR (2017)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CZ/czech-republic-needs-assessment-mission-report-2/view
|
2023/09/18
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
1)Code électoral (2015): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CI/cote-divoire-code-electoral-2015/view
2)Loi n° 93-668 du 9 Août 1993 relative aux partis et groupements politiques:http://cndj.ci/PARTIS%20%20POLITIQUES.htm
|
2016/12/01
|
|
Denmark
|
b. No
|
3.5. THE CAMPAIGN The election law does not stipulate rules for the conduct of election campaigns, either as regards the maximum amount of money to be spent or the time periods where campaigning may – or may not – take place.
Source:
The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark, Section 3.5, pg. 21.
https://www.thedanishparliament.dk/~/media/pdf/publikationer/english/the-parliamentary-system-of-denmark_2011.ashx
|
2019/05/27
|
|
Djibouti
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Electoral Law n° 1/ AN /92 regulating elections, as amended by Organic Law n ° L 11/AN/02/4:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DJ/djibouti-loi-electorale-avec-modifications-2002/view
|
2018/04/02
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions regulating this matter.
Source:
Ley Electoral “Ley Orgánica de Régimen Electoral No. 15-19, art. 191 http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-ley-organica-de-regimen/ (2019)
|
2020/02/05
|
|
Ecuador
|
a. Yes
|
Political organizations will not be able to pay for advertising in the media.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 202: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
Egypt
|
a. Yes
|
The maximum expenditure limit that each candidate has to spend on election campaigning shall be two million Egyptian pounds and the maximum expenditure limit at the run-off shall be one million Egyptian pounds.
Source:
Decree of the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, by Law No. (45) of 2014, on the Issuance of Law for regulating the Exercise of Some Political Rights, art.25: http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?ArtID=78396#.ViEX-vlVhHx (2014).
|
2018/04/02
|
|
El Salvador
|
b. No
|
The law does not set any restrictions in this regard.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Decreto No. 413 — Código Electoral”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-recopilacion-legislacion-electoral-2021/ ;
Political Parties Act: "Decreto No. 307 — Ley de Partidos Políticos": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-recopilacion-legislacion-electoral-2021/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Eritrea
|
c. No information available
|
|
2011/06/22
|
|
Estonia
|
c. No information available
|
The public service broadcaster does not carry any advertising, including political advertising. Political parties and candidates placed paid advertisements in private media. There is no regulation regarding the rates broadcasters may charge electoral subjects. Political advertising is not specifically defined under any law and, as a result, it is unclear which laws regulate it
Source:
OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Report on the Parliamentary Elections in the Republic of Estonia on 6 March 2011 (Warsaw, 2011): http://www.osce.org/odihr/77557
|
2015/03/03
|
|
Ethiopia
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Broadcasting Service Proclamation No 533/2007:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-broadcasting-service-proclamation-no-533/view ;
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007 http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
a. Yes
|
There is a limit to the expenses of candidates, which necessarily implies a limit to their spending in political advertising.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Electoral Ordinance 1988”, Section 137: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-electoral-ordinance-1988/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Fiji
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions regulating this matter.
Source:
Electoral Decree No. 11 of 2014: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-electoral-decree-no.-11-of-2014/at_download/file (2014).
Political Parties (Registration, Conduct, Funding and Disclosures) Decree No. 4 of 2013:
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-political-parties-registration-conduct/view
|
2018/04/20
|
|
Finland
|
b. No
|
The legislation does not impose expenditure ceilings on either parties or candidates. Local media and OSCE/ODIHR EAM interlocutors estimated that each of the major parties spent 11.5 million EUR on the 2011 campaign, and that most candidates spent extensively from their own personal resources with many of the more well-known candidates spending over 10,000 EUR and as much as 50,000 EUR.31 The level of spending was said to be about the same as in the 2007 parliamentary election.32
Source:
OSCE/ODIHR NEEDS assessment mission report - Parliamentary Elections in Finland (17 April 2011): p. 12
http://www.osce.org/odihr/75599 (2012)
|
2018/03/16
|
|
France
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Art L52-4 https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do;jsessionid=9B64B63FCBA694B62F4DC7D7DCC0F066.tplgfr23s_1?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070239&dateTexte=20200617
|
2020/06/20
|
|
Gabon
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Code of Audiovisual, Cinematographic and Written Communication (Law No. 07/2001): http://www.droit-afrique.com/images/textes/Gabon/Gabon%20-%20Code%20de%20la%20communication.pdf (2017);
Law No. 7/96 of 12 March 1996 establishing common rules for all political elections, with all the subsequent amendments;
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GA/gabon-code-electoral-2005/view (2017)
Assemblée Parlementaire de la Francophonie, Rapport sur le Financement des Partis Politiques, 2010: http://apf.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/2010_cap_rapp_financespartis.pdf (2017)
|
2025/05/13
|
|
Gambia
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions regulating this matter.
Source:
Elections Decree 78 of 1996: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GM/gambia-elections-decree-78-of-1996/view;
Report of the Commonwealth Expert Team on the Gambia presidential election of 24 November 2011: http://aceproject.org/electoral-advice/dop?country=Gambia&organization=&year=2011&election=2&mission=&report=3&keywords= (2012)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Georgia
|
b. No
|
The paid airtime allotted by any TV or radio broadcaster during one day may not exceed 15% of its total daily broadcasting time and none of the electoral subjects shall be granted more than one-third of this time.
Source:
The Election Core of Georgia, art. 50:
https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1557168?publication=87
|
2024/07/25
|
|
Germany
|
b. No
|
There are no legal provisions pertaining to election campaign advertising. On principle, the possibility to advertise is protected by Article 5 (1) (freedom of the press), Article 5 (3) (freedom of arts) and Article 21 (party privilege) of the Basic Constitutional Law.
The Federal Returning Officer is not responsible for election campaign advertising and its legal assessment; he or she is committed to impartiality. It is the parties who are responsible for the content of their advertising.
There are limits to such advertising, however, where banned political parties advertise or where election campaign advertising is liable for punishment; it is subject to generally applicable laws.
Source:
https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/service/glossar/w/wahlwerbung.html
|
2025/03/11
|
|
Ghana
|
b. No
|
There is no regulatory mechanism for campaign expenditure in Ghana.
Source:
EISA Interim Statement of the Election Observer Mission to the 7th December 2012 presidential and parliamentary elections in Ghana, p.5: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-interim-statement-presidential-and-1/
|
2016/10/05
|
|
Gibraltar
|
a. Yes
|
"32. Where any expenditure is incurred in contravention of the provisions of section 14 the person by whom such expenditure was incurred, and the candidate in connection with whose candidature it was incurred, shall be deemed to be guilty of an illegal practice:
Provided that no candidate shall be deemed to be guilty of an illegal practice by reason of any other person having incurred any expenditure in connection with the candidature of the candidate in contravention of the provisions of section 14 if the candidate proves that such expenditure was incurred without his knowledge or consent and that he took all reasonable steps to prevent the incurrence of such expenditure."
Source:
Parliament Act Number 1950-15, Part III, Article 32.
https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/1950-15o.pdf
|
2019/11/04
|
|
Greece
|
a. Yes
|
a) Political parties are not allowed to spend more than 20% of the last public funding that has been allocated to them.
The maximum amount for individual candidates is calculated according to the number of seats available at his/her constituency
Source:
Law 3023/2002, Art. 13-14
https://www.hellenicparliament.gr/Nomothetiko-Ergo/Anazitisi-Nomothetikou-Ergou?law_id=277423dd-c105-442d-8ebc-a73cd296ba8a
|
2020/07/26
|
|
Greenland
|
c. No information available
|
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Guam
|
b. No
|
Source:
3 Guam Code 17120:
https://gec.guam.gov/index.php/about-the-gec/election-laws-rules-regulations
|
2020/10/28
|
|
Guatemala
|
a. Yes
|
The Supreme Electoral Tribunal is the only authorised to hire broadcasting time at rates lower than the commercial ones. For electoral campaigns during general elections, the total budget (at least 0.25% of the State's ordinary income) for this purpose is divided for the different kinds of elections: 50% for the candidates to the presidency; 25% for the candidates to the Congress; and, 25% for the candidates to municipal governments. However, the candidates to the Congress and to municipal governments can transfer their time to their presidential candidates. In any case, those are the only spaces to which the political parties can have access to.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos”, art. 220 d) f) & 222: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/ ;
Mass Media Regulations: “Reglamento de la Unidad Especializada sobre Medios de Comunicación y Estudios de Opinión”, art. 12: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/
|
2023/05/29
|
|
Guinea
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Electoral Code No. 91/012/CTRN, art. 192, 195: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-electoral-code-2010/
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Electoral Law of 11 November 2009 on the election of the President of the Republic and the National People's Assembly ("Lei Eleitoral Para Presidente da República e Assembleia Nacional Popular"): http://www.cne-guinebissau.org/phocadownload/lei_eleitoral.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Honduras
|
b. No
|
Advertising and production expenses for radio and television messages are included within the limits of campaign costs. Such limits must be estimated for each general electoral process by the National Electoral Council and monitored by the Financing, Transparency and Control Unit.
Source:
Political Financing Law: “Ley de financiamiento, transparencia y fiscalización a partidos políticos y candidatos”, art. 14–16, 28: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-financiamiento-pp-pp-2021/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
b. No
|
There is no limit on advertising, however there is a maximum amount you can spend on a campaign and your advertising costs are a part of it. It is $121,000-$6,936,000 per candidate.
Source:
Legislative Council Election Guidelines, Ch 16-9:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/HK/hong-kong-legislative-council-general-election-4/view
|
2021/06/07
|
|
Hungary
|
a. Yes
|
1(1): General-Election of Members of Parliament representing each constituency candidate... amount of one million forints, the central budget allocated eligible
7(1c): A general Election of Members of Parliament ethnic minority national government setting list per candidate may spend up to five million forints.
7(2): 2. The amount referred to in paragraph 1 shall be increased annually by the Central Statistical Office from the year following the general election of the Members of the Parliament following the entry into force of this Act, with the CPI established for the year preceding the year in question.
Source:
Act LXXXVII on the election of Members of Parliament Act campaign costs: http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=161284.346589.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
Iceland
|
c. No information available
|
"No restrictions on the total amount of expenditure which a political party may incur are imposed. However, for the last parliamentary elections held on 12 May 2007, political parties reached a consensus on a budgetary limit of 28,000,000 ISK (232,240 EUR) for expenses linked to advertising during the electoral campaign."
Source:
Government of Iceland Prime Minister's Office (2010) Progress Report on RC-III Iceland, The Implementation of the Recommendations of GRECO on Iceland of party funding (theme II), Page 5
https://www.stjornarradid.is/media/innanrikisraduneyti-media/media/2010/GrecoRC3%282010%292_Iceland_EN.pdf
|
2020/07/27
|
|
India
|
a. Yes
|
Maximum depends on the territory in which the candidate/party is campaigning
Source:
Compendium of Instruction on Media Related Matters (January 2017): https://eci.gov.in/files/file/6922-compendium-of-instructions-on-media-related-matters/
|
2019/04/11
|
|
Indonesia
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Law 8/2012 on General Election of the Members of House of Representatives, People’s Representatives Council and Regional House of Representatives: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-law-8-2012-on-general-election-of-the/view
|
2024/02/07
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
Political Parties Law: https://irandataportal.syr.edu/political-parties-law
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Iraq
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
|
2018/04/19
|
|
Ireland
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
Electoral Act 1992 and Electoral Act 1997 as amended: https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/act/25/enacted/en/print#sec17
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Israel
|
d. Not applicable
|
Under the principle of equal opportunity, it is prohibited to purchase broadcasting time.
Source:
Consulate General of Israel in Los Angeles: https://embassies.gov.il/la/Pages/FAQ-Elections-in-Israel.aspx
|
2019/06/13
|
|
Italy
|
b. No
|
The law does not specify any limit on paid advertising, but refers to the provisions on electoral expenditures of the Electoral Law.
Source:
Law of 22 February 2000, n. 28, Art. 11
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Japan
|
a. Yes
|
There is no specific limitation on the paid advertising but the overall spending for an electoral campaign is limited.
Source:
Public Offices Election Act, Art.194:
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325AC1000000100#1
Order for Enforcement of the Public Offices Election Act, Art.127:
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325CO0000000089#1
|
2019/07/09
|
|
Jordan
|
c. No information available
|
|
2016/08/05
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
b. No
|
The law doesn't specify a maximum amount that a party can spend on paid advertising. However, the law stipulates that:
Art 34
5. The maximum size of the financial resources which can be transferred to the election funds from the aforementioned sources shall be determined in the Special part of this Constitutional Act. The financial resources received above the established limit shall not be transferred to the election funds and shall be refunded to the citizens and organizations that have donated the money. In this case the expenses associated with refund of the indicated money shall be covered at the expense of citizens and organizations that have contributed in these funds. Anonymous donations shall be transferred to the republican budget as the state revenue.
(Art. 34).
2. The election fund of the political party shall be formed of:
1) the political party’s own funds. The total sum should not exceed the size of the minimum wage established by the legislation for more than five thousand times;
2) donations of citizens and organizations of the Republic. The total sum must not exceed the size of the minimum wage established by the legislation for more than ten thousand times.
(Art. 92-1).
Source:
Constitutional Law on Elections of the Republic of Kazakhstan as amended on June 29, 2018, art. 34, 92-1: https://www.election.gov.kz/eng/election-legal-framework/the-laws-of-the-rk.php
|
2024/10/24
|
|
Kenya
|
c. No information available
|
IEBC ACT/POLITICAL PARTYS ACT
|
2017/07/07
|
|
Kiribati
|
b. No
|
There is no limit on the maximum amount that can be spent.
The candidate or the parties have to fund for their own campaign, the Electoral Commission is not mandated to ask each candidate or party to disclose their financial statement.
Source:
Email from Ms Takiakia Maatia, Chief Electoral Officer, Department of Justice, Kiribati, January 31, 2018
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/159/55
|
2020/05/05
|
|
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
|
c. No information available
|
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
c. No information available
|
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Kuwait
|
c. No information available
|
|
2013/01/31
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitutional Law No 68 of 2011 (amended 2020) “On elections of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic and deputies of Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic”: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a1/KYRG_Const%20Laww%20on%20Elections%20of%20President%20and%20MPs.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
Constitution: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Constitution/view;
Law No. 37/PO on the Election of Members of the National Assembly: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Law-on/view
|
2021/02/28
|
|
Latvia
|
c. No information available
|
|
2014/10/03
|
|
Lebanon
|
a. Yes
|
No candidate may allocate more than 50% of its total advertising expenditure to one media or advertising agency
Source:
Parliamentary Election Law, art.71: https://www.ministryinfo.gov.lb/en/22598
https://elections.gov.lb/getattachment/00bbe177-0eec-4f8a-a4df-e47c7e19b4de/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%28PDF%29.aspx%20(2017)
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
c. No information available
|
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Liberia
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions regulating this matter.
Source:
The New Elections Law (2016, with amendments up until and including 2014), Chapter 7, Art. 7.3, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
National Elections Commission, Campaign Finance Regulations, Art. 9 (May 2016), http://www.necliberia.org/doc_download/4%20Campaign%20Finance%20Regulations.pdf?a4705305cd27e04fb1f66830e7e0ef9d=Mg%3D%3D
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
a. Yes
|
All Libyan citizens or organizations may contribute up to the ceiling of the spending limit assigned to the
candidate contesting the election in each electoral center. Candidates may use private resources in their
electoral campaigns, provided they are subjected to financial disclosure and reporting regulations.
Following the announcement of the preliminary lists of candidates, the Commission shall determine the
campaign expenditure ceiling for each electoral center respectively. This shall be announced on all
available mass media. In the course of spending on their campaigns, all candidates shall commit to not
spending beyond the limit, determined for the electoral centers where they are registered.
Source:
Regulation on Electoral Campaigning for the Election of the Council of Representatives Annexed to Board of Commission Decision No. (51) 2014, Article 13 & 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/libya-regulation-on-electoral-campaigning-for-the/view
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
b. No
|
There is no maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend, however among the 2019 reforms to the Law on Payment of Contributions to Political Parties is the publication of audited annual financial statements by parties that include details on sources of income and expenses.
Source:
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Principality of Liechtenstein, Parliamentary Elections 7 February 2021, Needs Assessment Mission Report, 2020 (9)
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/a/f/473469.pdf
|
2025/02/18
|
|
Lithuania
|
a. Yes
|
Article 14
2. In those cases where the constituency covers the entire territory of the Republic of Lithuania, the maximum amount of political campaign expenditure of one independent political campaign participant shall be calculated in the following manner: the number of voters entered on the electoral roll of the Republic of Lithuania shall be multiplied by EUR 0.29 and the received product shall be rounded up within the accuracy of the first two significant digits.
3. In those cases where the constituency covers a part of the territory of the Republic of Lithuania, the maximum amount of political campaign expenditure of one independent political campaign participant shall be calculated in the following manner: the number of voters of one constituency shall be multiplied by EUR 0,58 and the received product shall be rounded up within the accuracy of the first two significant digits. If the received product is less than EUR 5 792, the fixed maximum amount of political campaign expenditure shall be EUR 5 792. In elections to municipal councils a political party, which has nominated a list (lists) of candidates, may additionally spend for this political campaign not more than 10 per cent of the maximum amount of political campaign expenditure of the list (lists) of candidates nominated by this party.
Article 19
2. The Central Electoral Commission shall;
9) fix the maximum amounts of political campaign expenditure in particular constituencies and announce them not later than by 1 January of each year;
Source:
Republic of Lithuania, Law on Funding of, and Control over Funding of, Political Parties and Political Campaigns (23 August 2004, As last amended on 16 October 2014 No XII-1251), art. 14 (2-3) 19 (2)9,
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/93249de2f1a011e5bf4ee4a6d3cdb874?jfwid=191fum7ux9
|
2020/06/05
|
|
Luxembourg
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
Electoral law; https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/68/Luxembourg_electoral%20code_2003_amended2016_FR.pdf
Financing of Political Parties: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/b9/Lux_Political_parties_Financing_asof2012.pdf
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
b. No
|
The maximum amount for paid advertising is not indicated. However, the details of the advertisement, the additional time for advertising from the daily broadcasting time for the paid political advertisement and the equal prices for all the candidates are determined.
Articles 75-a: (1)During the election campaign the broadcasters covering the elections can broadcast additional 15 minutes of advertising on every real hour broadcasted program, exclusively allocated for paid political advertising whereas only 10 minutes can be allocated to a single participant in the election campaign.
Source:
Electoral Code of the Republic of Macedonia including 2021 amendments, art. 75-a (1): https://www.ifes.org/document/northmacedoniaelectoralcodeupdatesseptember2021pdf
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Madagascar
|
b. No
|
There is no control of or limit on how much money one candidate or one party can spend on the electoral campaign.
Source:
Organic Law n° 2012-005 on the Electoral Code: http://mdm-national.mg/bureau/textes-reglementaires/textes-reglementaires/ (2013);
Law n° 2011- 012 regulating political parties: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/loi_2011-012_Partis_politiques.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/12
|
|
Malawi
|
c. No information available
|
|
2012/02/06
|
|
Malaysia
|
b. No
|
A parliamentary candidate can spend RM200,000 on campaigning. However, the law does not contain any specific provision with regard to paid advertising expenses.
Source:
Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments: http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013);
The Star Online Website: http://elections.thestar.com.my/ge_faq.aspx#2 (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Maldives
|
a. Yes
|
Elections (General) Act (2008)
30. (c): From the time allotted to candidates pursuant to subsection (a) no broadcasters shall under any circumstance give or sell more than 10% of the time allotted to one candidate, to one individual candidate or a political party or a candidate representing a political party
69. In relation to an election, a candidate should only spend an amount not more than the equivalent of a total amount of money calculated on the basis of 1500 (one thousand five hundred) rufiyaa per each eligible elector from the electoral constituency for which he is standing for elections.
Source:
Elections (General) Act (2008): https://www.elections.gov.mv/en/core/downloads/Elections%20General%20Act%202008.pdf
|
2019/02/13
|
|
Malta
|
b. No
|
Source:
GRECO Compliance Report on "Transparency of Party Funding in Malta": http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/greco/evaluations/round3/GrecoRC3%282011%2911_Malta_EN.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
b. No
|
The lack of a spending limit was cited as one of the major problems surrounding the integrity of the election by an observation report.
Source:
Report of the Pacific Islands Forum Election Observer Team to the Republic of the Marshall Islands' Nitijela (Parliamentary) Elections (2007). (https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Forum-election-observation-report-RMI-2007.pdf)
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Mauritania
|
c. No information available
|
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Mauritius
|
a. Yes
|
Presently, each party should not spend more than Rs150,00 (US$ 5,400)on each candidate, while independent candidates should respect the ceiling of Rs250,00 (US&8,900).
Source:
Rouikaya Kasenally (2009): "Chapter 8: Mauritius" Compendium of Elections in Southern Africa 1989-2009: 20 Years of Multiparty Democracy, EISA, Johannesburg, 283.
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mexico
|
d. Not applicable
|
While there are lawful limits to the overall campaign expenses of political parties and candidates —set by the National Electoral Institute (Instituto Nacional Electoral, INE)— no specific amount is set for printed and online advertising. Besides, no one is allowed to buy radio and TV airtime.
Source:
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 159, 167: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
d. Not applicable
|
No political party in FSM
Source:
FSM, Title 9 "National elections", The National Election Code: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/indexcode2014.html
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
b. No
|
However there might be other restrictions, such as allocation of the broadcast time equally among candidates.
Source:
Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova 2019, article 70
|
2019/02/18
|
|
Monaco
|
b. No
|
Source:
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended;
Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Report on the observation of the legislative elections in Monaco (2008): http://assembly.coe.int/mainf.asp?Link=/documents/workingdocs/doc08/fdoc11535.htm (2012)
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Mongolia
|
b. No
|
There is a maximum amount for how much can be spent, however not a maximum for how much can be spent on advertising.
41.1. State central audit office shall set the maximum amount of election expenses by a
candidate nominated for a constituency in consideration of the size and location of the
constituency’s territory and its population size within at least 120 days prior to the polling day.
41.2. State central audit office shall set the maximum amount of election expenses by a
party or coalition within at least 120 days prior to the polling day.
41.3. As for the election of the Citizens’ Representatives’ Hural, a branch of state audit
office based in the aimag, capital city shall set the maximum amount of election expenses by a
party, coalition or candidate nominated for the election of the aimag, capital city, soum, district in
conformity with standard issued by the highest audit body of the state 90 days prior to the
polling day.
Source:
Electoral Law of 2016, Art. 41: https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7739/file/Mongolia_law_elections_2015_am2016_en.pdf
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Montenegro
|
c. No information available
|
|
2021/12/24
|
|
Morocco
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
Organic Law No. 29.11 relating to political parties: http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/0/lois/Loi_29-11_Fr.pdf?ver=udBqyqqMSUHXgxtDpGhmCw%3d%3d
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Mozambique
|
b. No
|
There is no campaign expenditure limit imposed on political parties.
Source:
Law No. 7/91 of 23 January 1991 on Political Parties: http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/Legisla/legisSectores/politica/lei%20dos%20partidos%20politicos.pdf (2013);
Law No. 8/2013 of 27 February 2013 regulating presidential and legislative elections
|
2013/04/15
|
|
Nauru
|
d. Not applicable
|
There are no formal political parties in Nauru.
Source:
Reports of the Pacific Islands Forum Election Observer Mission to the April 2010 Nauru General Elections. (http://www.forumsec.org.fj/resources/uploads/attachments/documents/Forum_Election_Observer_Report_Nauru_2010.pdf)
|
2019/07/11
|
|
Nepal
|
b. No
|
There are only general rules, allowing the Electoral Commission to specify ceilings for election expenses.
Source:
The Election Commission Act 2017, Section 24 Article http://www.election.gov.np/ecn/uploads/userfiles/electioncommisionact2073.pdf
|
2018/04/06
|
|
Netherlands
|
b. No
|
Source:
OSCE ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report, The Netherlands Parliamentary Elections 17 March 2021 (9)
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/4/0/478501.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
New Zealand
|
a. Yes
|
For the 2020 election, the maximum a political party can spend on election advertising is $1,169,000 (including GST), plus $27,500 (including GST) per electorate contested by the party. It is an offense to spend over the limit during the regulated period. Spending limits change for each election.
Source:
https://www.parliament.nz/mi/visit-and-learn/parliament-in-election-year/limits-on-election-related-spending-begin/
|
2020/10/14
|
|
Nicaragua
|
c. No information available
|
There are no specific legal provisions regulating this issue.
Source:
Electoral Law No. 331 (as amended by law No. 790 of 23/05/2012):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/leyes-electorales/nicaragua-ley-no.-331-ley-electoral-2012/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Niger
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions regulating this matter.
Source:
Loi 2014-01 du 28 mars 2014, portant régime général des élections présidentielles, locales et référendaires: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/NE/niger-loi-2014-01-du-28-mars-2014-portant-regime/
|
2017/02/07
|
|
Nigeria
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions regulating this matter.
Source:
Constitution 1999 (as amended): http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013);
Electoral Act 2010: http://www.inecnigeria.org/downloads/?did=5 (2013)
|
2015/03/30
|
|
Niue
|
c. No information available
|
No formal political parties. No provisions for the regulation of political organizations.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
b. No
|
Source:
https://cnmilaw.org/pdf/public_laws/12/pl12-18.pdf
Article 2. Campaign Financial Disclosure.
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Norway
|
b. No
|
Source:
The Political Parties Act: http://www.regjeringen.no/upload/KRD/Kampanjer/valgportal/Regelverk/Act_Politica_%20Parties_EN_version_120207.pdf (2012);
OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Report on Norwegian Parliamentary Elections (14 September 2009): http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/norway/40529 (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Oman
|
d. Not applicable
|
Only independent candidates compete in legislative elections. There are no political parties.
Source:
Basic Statute of the State, as amended by Royal Decree No. 99/2011: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Oman_2011.pdf?lang=en
ROYAL DECREE NO. 86/97 On the Formation of The Council of Oman: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/83508/92277/F2092950230/OMN83508.pdf (1997)
|
2025/05/12
|
|
Pakistan
|
b. No
|
There is no maximum amount.
Source:
EU Election Observation Mission Report, 2018. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/final_report_pakistan_2018_english_0.pdf
|
2024/02/07
|
|
Palau
|
c. No information available
|
|
2016/11/04
|
|
Palestine
|
a. Yes
|
Any electoral list or candidate for the presidency is allowed to spend no more than one million USD or its equivalent of the circulated currency on the election campaign.
Source:
Elections Law 2 September 2007 regulating general elections, art. 69: http://www.elections.ps/Portals/0/pdf/Election_Law_%282007-Sept_02%29-EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/09
|
|
Panama
|
a. Yes
|
The amount presidential candidates can use depends on the pre-electoral public financing they receive. In the case of legislative elections, besides the public financing, candidates can use up to 30% of the maximum amount approved for private financing.
Source:
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral”, art. 211: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-codigo-electoral-2023/
|
2024/12/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
b. No
|
There is no maximum amount.
According to the General Code of Ethics for News Media, in PNG it is common during political campaigns for politicians to offer cash allowances to reporters. If they or others seeking coverage wish to provide such assistance to the news media, it must be done openly through the parent media body and should be revealed in the news items produced.
Source:
Official Website of the Electoral Commission of Papua New Guinea: http://www.pngec.gov.pg/ (2012);
Organic Law on the Integrity of Political Parties and Candidates 2003: http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/olotioppac2003542/ (2017);
Official Website of the Media Council of Papua New Guinea: http://www.pngmediacouncil.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62&Itemid=62 (2012)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
b. No
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Código Electoral Paraguayo (Ley 834/96):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/paraguay-codigo-electoral-2014/ (2014)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
Peru
|
a. Yes
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Law on Political Parties: “Ley 28094, de organizaciones políticas”, art. 40 (6, 7 & 9): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-28094-orgs-pp-2019/
|
2020/01/28
|
|
Philippines
|
b. No
|
The law does not contain any provisions specifically focused on paid advertising expenses. There are limits to the amount a party can spend, which is calculated by the number of voters in each constituency.
Source:
The Omnibus Election Code ("Batas Pambansa Blg. 881, s. 1985"), Sec. 100, 101: http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/OmnibusElectionCode/OECArt11 (2016)
|
2016/05/12
|
|
Pitcairn Islands
|
c. No information available
|
|
2019/11/06
|
|
Poland
|
b. No
|
No maximum amount indicated.
Source:
Election Code: Act of 5 January 2011 on Election Code to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland, article 252: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/40/POL_Election%20Code.pdf
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
b. No
|
The limit applies to overall campaign expenses but not necessarily to paid advertising.
Article 19(3):
3 - The payment of campaign expenses must be made exclusively by bank instrument, in accordance with Article 9, except for expenses of an amount lower than one national minimum monthly wage, provided that during this period these do not exceed the total value of 2% of the limits set for campaign expenses.
Source:
Law No. 19/2003, of June 20, Article 19(3):
https://dre.pt/dre/detalhe/lei/19-2003-692850
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
b. No
|
Source:
Political Financing Law: “Ley para la fiscalización del financiamiento de campaña política en Puerto Rico”, art. 9.001: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-222-2011-fiscalizacion-financiamiento-politico-58-2020/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Qatar
|
d. Not applicable
|
There are no political parties in Qatar.
Source:
Constitution: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Romania
|
a. Yes
|
Art.30 – (1) The maximum limit of the expenses to be incurred by a political party or by a political or
electoral alliance during each electoral campaign shall be calculated by adding up the maximum values
permitted by law for each candidate proposed for election.
(2) The maximum values permitted for each candidate shall be established according to the minimum gross
base salary at the country level on 1 January of the electoral year in case, as follows:
a) 350 minimum gross base salaries at the country level for each candidate for the position of deputy or
senator;
b) 2,500 minimum gross base salaries at the country level for each candidate for the position of Romania’s
representative in the European Parliament;
c) 50 minimum gross base salaries at the country level for each candidate for the position of county
counselor or local counselor in the General Council of Bucharest Municipality;
c) 30 minimum gross base salaries at the country level for each candidate for the position of local counselor
in the councils of the county capitals and in the district councils of Bucharest Municipality;
e) 25 minimum gross base salaries at the country level for each candidate for the position of local counselor
in the municipality and city councils;
f) 20 minimum gross base salaries at the country level for each candidate for the position of local counselor
in the commune councils;
g) 10,000 minimum gross base salaries at the country level for each candidate for the position of general
mayor of Bucharest Municipality;
h) 2,500 minimum gross base salaries at the country level for each candidate for the position of district
mayor for Bucharest municipality or that of municipality or city mayor;
i) 30 minimum gross base salaries at the country level for each candidate for the position of commune
mayor;
(3) The maximum limits of expenses stipulated under paragraph 2 shall also apply for independent
candidates.
Source:
Law on the financing of electoral campaigns and the activity of political parties, art. 30.
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/4832/file/Romania_PartyFinance_2006.pdf
|
2020/08/24
|
|
Russian Federation
|
b. No
|
Not included.
Source:
Federal Law On Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, amended as of April, 5, 2016: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/34/Law%20on%20Parliamentary%20Elections%20of%20the%20Russian%20Federation%20as%20of%20February%202014.pdf
|
2024/03/27
|
|
Rwanda
|
b. No
|
There is no maximum limit.
Source:
EU Observation Mission, Final Report on the Legislative Elections of 15-18 September 2008: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-final-report-legislative-elections-to-the/
|
2017/03/03
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
b. No
|
The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising
|
2020/04/27
|
|
Samoa
|
c. No information available
|
|
2021/04/10
|
|
San Marino
|
b. No
|
There is no maximum amount.
Source:
Electoral law N.6 of 31 January 1996: http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21801leggi_5336.pdf (2012);
Law n. 170 of 23 November 2005, Regulating the funding of political parties
|
2012/05/28
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Electoral Law of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe n.º 11/90 of 26 November 1990, as amended (latest amendment - 2006): http://www.stj.st/download/Lei_Eleitoral.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Shura Council Law: http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Laws+and+Regulations/The+Shura+Council+and+the+rules+and+regulations+job/Shura+Council+Law/ (2012);
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Senegal
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions regulating this matter.
Source:
Electoral Code 2012: http://www.elections2012.sn/images/stories/CE2012.pdf (2017);
International IDEA: Political Finance Database (2017)
http://www.oldsite.idea.int/political-finance/country.cfm?id=205
EU Final Report on the 2012 Senegal Presidential Election, p. 14, 37: http://eeas.europa.eu/eueom/pdf/missions/final-report-senegal-2012_fr.pdf (2017)
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Serbia
|
c. No information available
|
|
2022/10/24
|
|
Seychelles
|
b. No
|
Source:
- Elections Act Chapter 68A (1996)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-electoral-act-1996/view
|
2025/03/03
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
b. No
|
This matter is not regulated.
|
2017/01/16
|
|
Singapore
|
b. No
|
The law sets a limit to the election expenses, but there is no specific provision with regard to paid advertising.
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act, art. 69: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/SG/singapore-parliamentary-elections-act-2011/view (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Slovakia
|
a. Yes
|
A candidate for the presidential office may use maximally 132,775 EUR in total including the value added tax for his/her promotion during the campaign before the election.13) This amount shall include the amounts paid, or to be paid, by the candidate for the presidential office, including the amounts paid, or to be paid on behalf of the candidate for the presidential office by third persons. Should a commercial, advertisement or program be published or broadcasted free-of-charge or at a lower price elsewhere than in the Slovak Radio or the Slovak Television, their usual price shall be included in the above amount.
Source:
Section 16: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SK/slovakia-presidential-election-law-1999/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Slovenia
|
c. No information available
|
|
2017/03/30
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
National Parliament Electoral Provisions Act (2010 Consolidated Version): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-national-parliament-electoral-3/view (2014).
Political Parties Integrity Act No. 9 of 2014: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-political-parties-integrity-act/view (2019).
|
2019/03/01
|
|
Somalia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Transitional Constitution of 2012:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
|
2016/11/25
|
|
South Africa
|
c. No information available
|
|
2014/05/01
|
|
South Sudan
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard. There is only a general provision, according to which the National Electoral Commission shall fix a ceiling for expenditures by political parties and individual candidates on their electoral campaign activities, based on the type and number of elections being held.
Source:
National Elections Act 2012, art. 91 (5): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SS/south-sudan-the-national-elections-act-no.-39-of/view
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Spain
|
a. Yes
|
The amount includes printed advertising and private radio broadcasters (since free access is provided to television), and it is of 20% of the total amount of the allowed expenditure for the electoral process.
According to Article 130 of the document, the expenses considered as electoral expenses include those for propaganda and advertising directed at promoting votes for their candidacies. Article 131 specifies the limits:
General Limit: No party, federation, coalition, or group can exceed the limits established in the special provisions of the law.
Specific Limit for Paid Advertising: The expenditure on this type of advertising cannot exceed 20% of the overall limit set for electoral expenses.
Source:
Electoral Law 5/1985 of 19 June: "Ley Orgánica del Régimen Electoral General", art. 58, 130, 131: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-ley-organica-5-1985-de-19-de-junio-del-1/
|
2025/04/03
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
b. No
|
There is no limitation.
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act (No.1 1981)
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Sudan
|
b. No
|
There is no specific legal provision. The Electoral Law only states that the Commission shall fix a ceiling for expenditure by political parties and independent candidates on their electoral campaign activities in general.
Source:
EU Election Observation Mission to the Executive and Legislative Elections of 11-15 April 2010 in Sudan, Final Report: http://www.eueom.eu/files/dmfile/final-report-eu-eom-sudan-2010_en.pdf (2012);
The National Elections Act 2008, art. 67 (3): http://www.gurtong.org/ResourceCenter/documents/Reports/Elections-09/nationalelectionsact2008.pdf (2012)
|
2012/09/04
|
|
Suriname
|
b. No
|
There is no limit on paid advertising imposed by law.
Source:
Electoral Observation Mission for the General Elections in the Republic of Suriname on May 25, 2010: http://www.oas.org/es/sap/docs/deco/2010/SURINAME_%20MAY25_%202010_e.pdf (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Swaziland
|
d. Not applicable
|
Parties are banned in Swaziland.
Source:
Proclamation No 7 of 12 April 1973.
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Sweden
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
OSCE/ODIHR NEEDS Assessment mission report - General Elections of 19 September 2010: http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/70947 (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
c. No information available
|
c) This subject is not regulated by federal law.
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
c. No information available
|
|
2014/06/03
|
|
Taiwan
|
a. Yes
|
The maximum of campaign fund of a same group of candidates shall be prescribed by the Central Election Commission, and publicized on the same day when the public notice for election is issued.
The maximum of campaign fund referred to in the preceding Paragraph shall be the sum of the product of 70% of the total population in the free regions of the ROC multiplied by the basic amount of NT$20 plus NT$100,000,000.
If the maximum of campaign fund has a mantissa of less than NT$1000, it shall be rounded to NT$1000 by transfer method.
The total population in the free regions of the ROC referred to in Paragraph Two refers to the total population counted up in household statistics at the end of the sixth month before the month of polling.
Source:
Article 38, Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act
https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0020053
|
2020/04/13
|
|
Tajikistan
|
b. No
|
The Law does not specify any amount of money that could be spent on paid advertising, but it specifies that:
The maximum size of the electoral fund of a candidate to deputies shouldn’t exceed 1500 (one thousand five hundred) and the one of a political party 30000 (thirty thousand) minimum living wage.
Source:
Constitutional Law On Elections to the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan, amended as of July 26, 2014, article 9.
|
2025/02/18
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
b. No
|
Source:
The National Elections Act 2010, art. 53:http://www.unisa.ac.za/contents/faculties/law/docs/National_Elections_Act-.pdf (2013);
|
2015/10/26
|
|
Thailand
|
b. No
|
Even though the law does not impose explicit limits on paid advertising, the Election Commission determines the amount of expenditure. Political parties cannot spend in an election an amount exceeding the amount of expenditure set by the Election Commission. This includes all money or any other property paid or promised to be paid by any person on behalf of the candidate or the political party or offered to be used for the purpose of the election campaigns without remuneration with the consent of such candidate or political party.
Source:
Organic Act B.E. 2541 on the Election of Members of the House of Representatives and Senators, Sec.41:
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/TH/thailand-organic-act-on-the-election-of-members-of/view
|
2023/10/11
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
b. No
|
Existing legislation does not set a ceiling on the amount that a political party is allowed to spend on paid advertising during the campaign period.
Source:
EU Election Observation Mission, Final Report on the Parliamentary Elections of 2012, p. 4; https://www.eods.eu/library/EUEOM%20FR%20TIMOR%20LESTE%2028.09.2012_en.pdf
Law n.º 6/2006 on the Election of the National Parliament of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, article 13: https://mj.gov.tl/jornal/lawsTL/RDTL-Law/RDTL-Laws/Law-2006-06.pdf
Law n.º 6/2008 of 16 April 2008 regulating political party funding; https://mj.gov.tl/jornal/lawsTL/RDTL-Law/RDTL-Laws/Law-2008-06.pdf
Regulation n.º 03/STAE/X/2011 on the electoral campaign for presidential and parliamentary elections
|
2024/11/14
|
|
Togo
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Electoral Code No. 2000-07 as amended, art. 141: http://www.ifes.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Election%20Law/2005/IFES_19/EL00062.pdf (2013);
Law No. 91-97 on Political Parties: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Togo/TOGO-Charte-des-partis.pdf (2013)
|
2013/01/10
|
|
Tonga
|
c. No information available
|
There is no legal provision regarding paid advertising. However, the legislation specifies that no candidate may spend on any election campaign more than the sum of $ 10, 000. This includes donations, entertaining expenses as well as travelling and transportation expenses.
Additionally, the Prime Minister, with the consent of His Majesty in Council, may make regulations which are necessary to regulate election advertizing and electioneering.
Source:
Electoral Act (as amended in 2014), Art. 24: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/tonga-electoral-act-1989-1 (2021)
|
2021/09/15
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
b. No
|
The overall limit to expenditures by individual candidates, rather than political parties, amounts to TTD 50,000.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act”, Section 48: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-rop-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Tunisia
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Organic Law n° 2014-16 of 26 May 2014 on Elections and Referenda: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/view (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
c. No information available
|
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
b. No
|
The Law does not contain any provisions on paid advertising.
Source:
Law of Turkmenistan on Political Parties (2012);
Law of Turkmenistan on Elections of Deputies of the Mejlis of Turkmenistan (2008), art. 38
|
2013/03/06
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
a. Yes
|
Campaign expenditures cannot overpass a limit per electoral district stated in the law.
Source:
Political Parties’ Law: “Political Activities Ordinance”, Section 47: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-political-activities-ordinance-2018/
|
2020/10/08
|
|
Tuvalu
|
c. No information available
|
|
2012/06/20
|
|
Uganda
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
|
2016/02/29
|
|
Ukraine
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions regulating this matter.
Source:
The Law on Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine (as amended up to 2014): http://www.cvk.gov.ua/metod/kultura/npa/zn_pro_vybory_ndu_17042014.doc (2014).
|
2014/10/30
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
d. Not applicable
|
There are no political parties in the UAE.
Source:
Freedom House: https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2015/united-arab-emirates (2015).
|
2019/09/25
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
a. Yes
|
Before elections and referendums, there is a regulated period for the campaign that puts a limit on spending. These limits apply to candidates, political parties and non-party campaigners.
Spending limits vary for different elections.
Each election the Electoral Commission publishes an updated "Guidance on Campaign Spending" with details on the limits parties can spend on party spending and candidate spending.
"Returning Officers must receive spending returns from all candidates by a certain date, which varies depending on the election. The Returning Officer is then responsible for making the returns available for public inspection." (UK Electoral Commission, 2015)
Source:
Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 (as amended), Schedule 9;
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/41/data.pdf
United Kingdom Electoral Commission (2015):
http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/find-information-by-subject/political-parties-campaigning-and-donations/candidate-spending-and-donations-at-elections
|
2025/06/25
|
|
United States of America
|
a. Yes
|
"Only a national party committee has a coordinated party spending limit for the party’s presidential nominee. Other party committees may spend against this limit if they have the national committee’s prior written authorization (which must include the amount that may be spent)."
Limits change each year and reflect the previous year's voting age population (VAP) and COLA (5.18508).
Source:
https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/making-disbursements-political-party/coordinated-party-expenditures/ ;
https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/making-disbursements-political-party/coordinated-party-expenditures/coordinated-party-expenditure-limits/ ;
|
2020/10/21
|
|
Uruguay
|
b. No
|
Source:
Ley de partidos políticos (Ley No. 18485), art. 31, 32, 41-44, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/ururguay-ley-18485-del-funcionamiento-de-partidos/view (2009).
Ley Nº 17.045 sobre Partidos Políticos que regulan la Publicidad Electoral, modificada por la Ley Nº 17.818: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Parties/Uruguay/Leyes/Ley17045.pdf (2012)
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
b. No
|
The amount of funding made available by the CEC to candidates caps the funding of campaigns at a low level and thus limits the parties’ and candidates’ scope to determine their own campaign strategy and methods, including related to production of additional campaign material and advertising, notably for constituency-level campaigning.
Source:
OSCE ODIHR Election Observation Mission Final Report, Republic of Uzbekistan, Parliamentary Elections 22 December 2019: https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/9/3/452170_1.pdf
|
2024/08/22
|
|
Vanuatu
|
b. No
|
There are no provisions regulating the expenditures and financing of political parties.
Source:
Representation of the People Act, as amended.
|
2025/04/03
|
|
Venezuela
|
a. Yes
|
Although there are no limits in terms of the amount to be expended, there are limits to the amount of time or space that can be purchased.
Source:
Campaign Regulations: “Reglamento especial sobre campaña y propaganda electoral para las elecciones de la Asamblea Nacional 2020”: aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-reglamento-especial-campana-propaganda-electoral-2020/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
Viet Nam
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution of 1992 as amended, art. 4:
http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=10450 (2016)
|
2016/06/20
|
|
Virgin Islands, British
|
c. No information available
|
|
2019/03/05
|
|
Virgin Islands, U.S.
|
c. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Wallis and Futuna
|
c. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Western Sahara
|
c. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Yemen
|
b. No
|
There are no relevant legal provisions.
Source:
General Elections and Referendum Law of 2001: http://www.scer.org.ye/english/generalelectionslaw.htm (2012);
Parties and Political Organisations Law No 66 of 1991: http://www.scer.org.ye/english/politicalpartieslaw.htm (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
Zambia
|
c. No information available
|
A political party or candidate shall not buy more than thirty minutes air time in any given language on public television or radio in any one week
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral (Code of Conduct) Regulations, art. 14 (2)
www.elections.org.zm/media/electoral_code_of_conduct_2011.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Zanzibar
|
b. No
|
There are no specific legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Electoral Act No. 11 of 1984 as amended,
The Code of Conduct by the Zanzibar Electoral Commission for the 2010 General Elections
http://www.temco.udsm.ac.tz/images/stories/Electral_Laws/ZANZIBAR-ELECTION-ACT-2010.pdf (2016)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZZ/zanzibar-code-of-conduct-for-state-owned-media-on/view (2016)
|
2016/04/05
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act, art. 93-101
|
2023/09/25
|
