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Electoral Systems

Philippines Philippines

ES001

Head of State
Question:How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s): a. Head of State is the Head of Government
b. Directly elected in general elections (simple majority)
Comments: The executive power is vested in the President. The President is elected together with the Vice-President by direct vote of the people for a term of six years. The person having the highest number of votes shall be proclaimed elected, but in case two or more shall have an equal and highest number of votes, one of them shall forthwith be chosen by the vote of a majority of all the Members of both Houses of the Congress, voting separately.
Source: Constitution, Art. VII, Sec. 1, 4: http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/#article-vii(2016) http://www.asianlii.org/ph/legis/const/1987/8.html (2019)
Verified: 2019/04/24
(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)
ES002

Head of Government
Question:How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer: a. Directly elected in general elections (simple majority)
Comments: The executive power is vested in the President. The President is elected together with the Vice-President by direct vote of the people for a term of six years. The person having the highest number of votes shall be proclaimed elected, but in case two or more shall have an equal and highest number of votes, one of them shall forthwith be chosen by the vote of a majority of all the Members of both Houses of the Congress, voting separately.
Source: Constitution, Art. VII, Sec. 1, 4: http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/#article-vii(2016) http://www.asianlii.org/ph/legis/const/1987/8.html (2019)
Verified: 2019/04/24
(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)
ES003

President
Question:Does the country have a president?
Answer: a. Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution, Art. VII: http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/#article-vii (2016) http://www.asianlii.org/ph/legis/const/1987/8.html (2016)
Verified: 2019/04/24
(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)
ES004

Number of Chambers
Question:The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer: b. Two chambers
Comments: The legislative power shall be vested in the Congress of the Philippines which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives, except to the extent reserved to the people by the provision on initiative and referendum.
Source: Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 1: http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/#article-vi (2016) http://www.asianlii.org/ph/legis/const/1987/7.html (2019)
Verified: 2019/04/24
(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)
ES005

Electoral System (Chamber 1)
Question:What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s): e. Parallel (Segmented) (PR Lists and Majoritarian constituencies)
Comments: The House of Representatives shall be composed of not more than two hundred and fifty members, unless otherwise fixed by law, who shall be elected from legislative districts apportioned among the provinces, cities, and the Metropolitan Manila area in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants, and on the basis of a uniform and progressive ratio, and those who, as provided by law, shall be elected through a party-list system of registered national, regional, and sectoral parties or organizations. The party-list representatives shall constitute twenty per centum of the total number of representatives including those under the party list. For three consecutive terms after the ratification of this Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to party-list representatives shall be filled, as provided by law, by selection or election from the labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, women, youth, and such other sectors as may be provided by law, except the religious sector.
Source: Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 5 (1, 2): http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/#article-vi (2016) http://www.asianlii.org/ph/legis/const/1987/7.html (2019)
Verified: 2019/04/24
(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)
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