|
Pays/territoires 216
|
|---|
| Pays/Territoire |
Réponses |
Réponses |
Vérifié |
|
Afghanistan
|
c. Information non disponible
|
|
2016/03/14
|
|
Afrique du Sud
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2014/05/01
|
|
Albanie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Albania, art. 81, 150 et seq.
|
2017/05/19
|
|
Algérie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 77 (10), 177: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Algeria_2008?lang=en (2017)
https://www.joradp.dz/hfr/consti.htm
|
2019/09/25
|
|
Allemagne
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Constitution
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/German_Federal_Republic_2014?lang=en
|
2017/03/31
|
|
Andorre
|
a. Oui
|
C:V:76 "The Cap de Govern, with the approval of the majority of the Consell General, may request the Coprínceps to call a referendum about political matters."
Source:
Constitution of the Principality of Andorra, art. 76: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-constitution-1993-1/ ;
IDEA International Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/42/45
|
2023/06/09
|
|
Angola
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of 3 February 2010, art. 161 (j), 168: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7B9555c635-8d7c-4ea1-b7f9-0cd33d08ea40%7D.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Anguilla
|
b. Non
|
e) Referendums were however held on 11th July 1967 to determine the extent of popular support for separation from St Kitts; and on 6th February 1969 for the approval of a constitution for an independent republic of Anguilla. There was no constitutional or legal basis for the holding of those referendums because Anguilla’s status was unconstitutional and illegal.
|
2015/02/27
|
|
Antigua-et-Barbuda
|
b. Non
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2014/06/06
|
|
Arabie saoudite
|
b. Non
|
Source:
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Argentine
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la Nación Argentina — Ley 24430, texto oficial ordenado”, art. 40: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-constitucion-nacional-reformas-1994/ (2019);
Referendum Law: "Ley de Consulta popular vinculante y no vinculante — Ley 25432": http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-25432-referendum-2012/ (2019)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Arménie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Law on Referendum of the Republic of Armenia (2001): http://res.elections.am/images/doc/hanraqve_eng.pdf (2013);
Constitution of the Republic of Armenia, art. 112: http://res.elections.am/images/doc/consist_eng.pdf (2013).
|
2015/12/01
|
|
Aruba
|
c. Information non disponible
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2017/07/07
|
|
Australie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf)
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (amended in 2019): https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103/f85985f8-e256-4e11-ad31-884ed7f92224
Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00100/f03f448e-da13-4d34-928b-688bc43735e4
|
2024/09/09
|
|
Autriche
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Art. 41, 43 & 60 B-VG, Art. 44, 45 & 46 B-VG, Volksbegehrengesetz 1973 (Law on Public Initiatives), Volksabstimmungsgesetz 1972 (Law on Referenda), Volksbefragungsgesetz 1989 (Law on Public Opinion Polls).
Constitution of Austria, Articles 1-46
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/05/29
|
|
Azerbaïdjan
|
a. Oui
|
a) C:3 "(1) People of Azerbaijan may solve any questions involving their rights and interests by way of referendum. (2) The following questions may be solved only by way of referendum:
1. acceptance of the Constitution of the Azerbaijan Republic and introduction of amendments thereto; 2. change of state borders of the Azerbaijan Republic."
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1995) including amendments, article 3: https://president.az/en/pages/view/azerbaijan/constitution
|
2024/11/12
|
|
Bahamas
|
b. Non
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas (CCB)
|
2017/03/27
|
|
Bahreïn
|
a. Oui
|
The King may conduct a popular referendum on important laws and issues connected with the interests of the State. The issue on which the referendum has been held is considered to have been agreed upon if approved by a majority of those who cast their votes. The result of the referendum shall be binding on all and effective from the date it is declared and it shall be published in the Official Gazette
Source:
Constitution, art. 43: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahrain_2017
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Bangladesh
|
d. Sans objet
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Barbade
|
b. Non
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Belarus
|
d. Sans objet
|
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Belgique
|
b. Non
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/direct-democracy-international-idea-handbook);
The Belgian Constitution
|
2019/04/25
|
|
Belize
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Referendum Law: “Referendum Act, Chapter 10”, Section 2 (1 b): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-referendum-act-2020/ ;
International IDEA Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=23&database_theme=309
|
2025/03/24
|
|
Bermudes
|
c. Information non disponible
|
|
2012/05/31
|
|
Bhoutan
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
National Referendum Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2008, Article 4: https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/NationalReferendumActEnglish.pdf
Constitution of Bhutan, Article 34 (2): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008
|
2024/08/27
|
|
Bolivie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution; "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 259: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
Electoral Law; “Ley del Régimen Electoral — Ley 026-2010”, art. 22: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-026-2010-regimen-electoral-vigente/ (2019).
|
2024/12/10
|
|
Bosnie-et-Herzégovine
|
a. Oui
|
The level of applicability of this laws might be disputable. The law was adopted when Bosnia and Herzegovina was a federal unit of Socialistic Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, which means that the scope and aims of referendum were adjusted to that system. However, the existing Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, signed as a part of the Dayton Peace Agreement, prescribes in its Annex 2, point 2 ("Continuation of Laws") that "All laws, regulations, and judicial rules of procedure in effect within the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina when the Constitution enters into force shall remain in effect to the extent not inconsistent with the Constitution, until otherwise determined by a competent governmental body of Bosnia and Herzegovina". Even though the Law on Referendum was created in the old, socialistic system, it does not contain any obvious and clear inconsistencies with the Constitution and therefore - it should be valid.
Source:
Law on referendum in SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, Off. Gazette 29/77 and 24/91
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2025/06/26
|
|
Botswana
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution of Botswana: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-constitution-of-1966-with-amendments-up/view (2014).
Referendum Act, (Chapter 02:10): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-referendum-act-chapter-02-10/view (2014).
|
2014/10/28
|
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/fdl/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Brunei_Constitution_1959_amended%202011_EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/18
|
|
Brésil
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, Article 2, 14, 18 (3, 4), 49 (XV): https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Plebiscites and Referendums:
http://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/plebiscitos-e-referendos/plebiscito-e-referendo
Law No. 9,709, of November 18, 1998:
https://www.planalto.gov.br/Ccivil_03/leis/L9709.htm
|
2024/10/24
|
|
Bulgarie
|
c. Information non disponible
|
National referendums shall be called by the National Assembly based on a proposal by a) 1/4 of the MPs (the total number of MPs is 240), b)the Council of Ministers and c) the President of the Republic. No initiatives and no recalls are provided in the existing legislation as well as mandatory referendums.
Source:
http://www.parliament.bg/en/const
|
2014/10/03
|
|
Burkina
|
a. Oui
|
loi spécifique: code électoral.
la Loi reférendaire en tant que loi telle que définie par la Constitution peut être initiée par le peuple par pétition, le gouvernement et l'Assemblée Nationale
Source:
Constitution as amended in 2015, art. 49: http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/fr/bf/bf017fr.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
Burman (Myanmar)
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution of Myanmar: http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/Constitution-1.pdf (2015).
|
2015/11/20
|
|
Burundi
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 4, 203, 282: https://acbc.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl441/files/Legislation/Countries%20legislations/BURUNDI/Constitution%20of%20Burundi%20of%20_2018_compressed.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Bénin
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of 11 December 1990, art. 58, 108
http://www.gouv.bj/sites/default/files/Cour-Constitutionnelle-recueil-des-textes-fondamentaux.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/05
|
|
Cambodge
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.ccc.gov.kh/detail_info_en.php?_txtID=791
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Cameroun
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution Article 36 (4). https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-constitution-of-cameroon-2008
|
2018/11/07
|
|
Canada
|
a. Oui
|
b) Referendum Act; Canada Elections Act as Adapted for the purposes of a Referendum.
Source:
International Idea (2008):"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm).
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Cap-Vert
|
a. Oui
|
C:4 "1. The political power shall be exercised by the people through referendum, suffrage and through other forms provided for constitutionally."
C:ChII:108 "1. The electors registered in the electoral census in the national territory shall have the right to pronounce themselves through a referendum on any matter relevant to national or local interest. 2. The convening and the holding of a referendum shall be prohibited between the date of the convening and the holding of the elections for the organs of sovereignty or of local power, during the state of siege or emergency and until thirty days following its cessation, and in the latter case, only in the part of the territory declared to be under the state of emergency. 3. Each referendum shall only have a sole question as its object and the following questions shall not, in any case, be submitted to popular scrutiny: a) Separation and the interdependence of the organs of sovereignty and their powers; b) Independence of the courts and their decisions; c) Separation of churches from the State; d) Appointment of the elected holders of the organs of sovereignty and of local administration by universal, direct, secret and periodic ballot; e) Pluralism of expression, existence of political parties and associations and rights of the opposition;
f) Rights, liberties and guarantees established constitutionally; g) National or local acts which have a budgetary, tributary or financial content; h) Autonomy of the local administration, as well as the organization and competence of their organs. 4. The proposals for a referendum shall be subject to preventive monitoring of their constitutionality and legality. 5. Once the proposal for a referendum is judged to be unconstitutional or illegal, such referendum shall not take place, nor shall the proposal be renewed in the same legislature. 6. Proposals for a referendum that have been refused by the competent organ or that have been the object of a negative response from the electorate shall not be renewed in the same legislature. 7. The result of a referendum shall be abided by all organs of political power, as well as by public and private entities. 8. The provisions of Articles 102 to 105 shall be applicable to the referenda, with the necessary adaptations. 9. The questions to be submitted to the electors shall be formulated with simplicity, objectivity, precision and clarity, in such a way as not to suggest, directly or indirectly, any response. Any response shall be given as a "yes" or a "nay."
C:ChII:109 "1. The referendum at the national level shall be convened by the President of the Republic, at the initiative of the people, the National Assembly or the Government. 2. At the people's initiative, the President of the Republic may convene a referendum on any matter relevant to national interest, at the request of thirty thousand citizens, after the political parties
represented in the National Assembly and the Council of the Republic are heard. 3. The request referred to in the preceding paragraph should be sponsored by a minimum of ten per cent of the electors, residing in, at least, seven islands. 4. The proposal of the National Assembly shall be approved by two thirds of the deputies present, if the number is higher than the absolute majority of the deputies on active duty."
Source:
Constitution of Cape Verde as amended in 2010, art. 4 (1), 103, 157, 158, 160, 175 (i), 203 (2-a), 254 (1-c): https://www.parlamento.cv/Constituicao/ (2026)
|
2026/04/05
|
|
Chili
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Chile (2017)”, art. 128 & 129:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-1/
|
2025/03/27
|
|
Chine
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Chypre
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution of Cyprus 1960 (rev. 2013)
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cyprus_2013?lang=en
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=59&database_theme=309
|
2026/03/24
|
|
Chypre (du nord)
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Colombie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 104, 170, 377, 378:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016 (2016)
Law 134 of 1994 on political participation: “Ley 134-1994 de participación ciudadana”:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/leyes-electorales/colombia-ley-134-de-1994-participacion-ciudadana/ (1994)
|
2024/12/13
|
|
Comores
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/com128670.pdf (2016)
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
a. Oui
|
C:79 "(1) The President of the Republic can, upon the initiative of the Government during its sessions or upon the initiative of the National Assembly published in the Official Journal, submit to referendum any bill or proposition of law effecting areas susceptible to have great consequences upon the functioning of institutions or on society."
Source:
Constitution, Art. 86: http://www.presidence.cg/files/my_files/constit200102.pdf (2017);
Election law of 24 November 2001, Art. 43: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2017)
Election law of 24 November 2001, Amended 2016, Art. 44, 45
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-amendments-2016/view (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), République Démocratique du
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution de la RDC (2011):http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CD/rdc-constitution-2011/
|
2016/11/30
|
|
Corée du Sud
|
a. Oui
|
C:72 "The President may submit important policies relating to diplomacy, national defense, unification, and other matters relating to the national destiny to a national referendum if he deems it necessary."
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Korea, Article 72: https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?lang=ENG&hseq=1
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Costa Rica
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica”, art. 102, 105, 123, 129 & 195: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-constitucion-politica-reformas-2015.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
Croatie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Croatia as revised on 06 July 2010, art. 87.
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Croatia_2013?lang=en
|
2025/04/15
|
|
Cuba
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”, art. 108: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”, art. 257: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/
|
2023/09/12
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
a. Oui
|
Seule la constitution
Source:
Constitution, art. 43: http://cndj.ci/constitution.htm (2012)
|
2012/12/17
|
|
Danemark
|
a. Oui
|
d) In addition to the referendums specified in the constitution, it is possible to call voluntary and not binding referendums.
Source:
The Danish Constitution, Art. 20, 29, 42, 88
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2019/05/27
|
|
Djibouti
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, as amended by Constitutional Law n° 134/AN/06/5 L of 21 Avril 2010, art. 33: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Djibouti_2010.pdf?lang=en (2016)
|
2018/04/02
|
|
Dominique
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/22
|
|
El Salvador
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”, art. 89: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Espagne
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Española”, art. 92 & 152:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-constitucion-espanola-2011-2016/
|
2025/04/24
|
|
Estonie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia with latest amendment on 6 May 2015, § 56, 65, 105 & 162-168.
Law: Referendum Act latest amended 12 October 2016
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2019/02/20
|
|
Fidji
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
International IDEA Direct Democracy Database
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/106/45
|
2026/04/03
|
|
Finlande
|
a. Oui
|
The decision to organize a consultative referendum is made by law.
Source:
Constitution, Section 53: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf (2012);
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2019/04/02
|
|
France
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 11, 60, 88-5, 89
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/France_2008?lang=en
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2020/06/20
|
|
Gabon
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution (as amended in 2011), art. 18, 116
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gabon_1997?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Gambie
|
a. Oui
|
The constitution does not mention this
Source:
Constitution, sections 102 (d): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gambia_2004?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Ghana
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Ghana (1996): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-constitution-1992-with-amendments-through/
|
2016/10/05
|
|
Gibraltar
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2019/11/04
|
|
Grenada
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/23
|
|
Groenland
|
c. Information non disponible
|
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Grèce
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 44:2
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Greece_2008?lang=en
|
2020/07/26
|
|
Guam
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
3 Guam Code Ch. 16 Article 3:
http://www.guamcourts.org/CompilerofLaws/GCA/03gca/3gc016.PDF
|
2020/10/28
|
|
Guatemala
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/constitucion/guatemala-constitucion-politica-2012/ —
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993.pdf ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/
|
2023/05/29
|
|
Guinée
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution (2010), art. 51: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-constitution-2010-english-version/view
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinée équatoriale
|
a. Oui
|
C:65 "The President of the Republic may, after consulting the council of Ministers and the Bureau of the National Assembly, decide to summon a referendum where he deems necessary. The bill that shall be adopted therein shall be enforced and promulgated by the president of the Republic."
C:94 "[...] The attributions of the constitutional council shall comprise the following: [...] Proclaiming the final results of presidential municipal and legislative elections and referendums."
C:103 "The President of the Republic may summon a referendum to revise the constitution; the absolute majority of members of Parliament may equally request amendments."
Source:
Constitution as amended by referendum of 23 November 2011, art. 133 (4)
|
2012/10/03
|
|
Guinée-Bissau
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 85 (b): http://www.anpguinebissau.org/leis/constituicao/constituicaoguine.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Géorgie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of Georgia, art. 52:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_2018?lang=en
|
2024/07/24
|
|
Haïti
|
d. Sans objet
|
|
2015/04/08
|
|
Honduras
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de 1982", art. 5: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-constitucion-politica-de-1982-2021/ ;
Direct Democracy Law: "Ley de mecanismos de participación ciudadana (2013)”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-democracia-directa-2013/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
c. Information non disponible
|
|
2021/06/07
|
|
Hongrie
|
a. Oui
|
C:26 "(6) The President of the Republic shall ratify the law subject to national referendum if such law is confirmed by the national referendum."
C:28/C "(1) A national referendum may be held for reaching a decision or for an expression of opinion. Carrying out a national referendum may be mandatory or may be the result of the consideration of a matter. (2) A national referendum shall be held if so initiated by at least 200,000 voting citizens. (3) If a national referendum is mandatory, the result of the successfully held national referendum shall be binding for the Parliament. (4) Based on its consideration, the Parliament may order a national referendum upon the initiative by the President of the Republic, the Government, by one-third of Members of the Parliament or by 100,000 voting citizens. (5) National referendum may not be held on the following subjects: a) on laws on the central budget, the execution of the central budget, taxes to the central government and duties, customs tariffs, and on the central government conditions for local taxes, b) obligations set forth in valid international treaties and on the contents of laws prescribing such obligations, c) the provisions of the Constitution on national referenda and popular initiatives, d) personnel and restructuring (reorganization, termination) matters falling under Parliamentary jurisdiction, e) dissolution of the Parliament, f) the Government's program, g) declaration of a state of war, a state of emergency or a state of national crisis, h) use of the Hungarian Armed Forces abroad or within the country, i) dissolution of the representative body of local governments, j) amnesty. (6) A national ratification referendum shall be considered successful if more than half of the votes of the citizens voting are valid, but at least more than one-quarter of all eligible voters have given the same answer in the referendum.
C:28/D "At least 50,000 voting citizens are required for a national popular initiative. A national popular initiative may be for the purpose of forcing the Parliament to place a subject under its jurisdiction on the agenda. The Parliament shall debate the subject defined by the national popular initiative."
C:28/E "In order to call a national referendum, signatures may be collected for a period of four months in the case of a civic initiative, and for a period of two months in the case of a national popular initiative."
Source:
Constitution: The Fundamental Law of Hungary, The State, Article 8(1): http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=140968.322953.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
Inde
|
c. Information non disponible
|
Source:
The Constitution of India: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/IN/india-constitution-as-amended-to-2007/view
Representation of the People Act, 1950: http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf
Representation of the People Act, 1951: http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/04_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201951.pdf
|
2024/09/11
|
|
Indonésie
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-constitution/view
|
2014/04/02
|
|
Iran
|
a. Oui
|
C:59 "In extremely important economic, political, social, and cultural matters, the functions of the legislature may be exercised through direct recourse to popular vote through a referendum. Any request for such direct recourse to public opinion must be approved by two-thirds of the members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly."
C:123 "The President is obliged to sign legislation approved by the Assembly or the result of a referendum, after the legal procedures have been completed and it has been communicated to him. After signing, he must forward it to the responsible authorities for implementation."
C:177 "(1) The revision of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, whenever needed by the circumstances, will be done in the following manner:
The Leader issues an edict to the President after consultation with the Nation's Exigency Council stipulating the amendments or additions to be made by the Council for Revision of the Constitution which consists of: [...] (3) The decisions of the Council, after the confirmation and signatures of the Leader, shall be valid if approved by an absolute majority vote in a national referendum. (4) The provisions of Article 59 shall not apply to the referendum for the "Revision of the Constitution."
Source:
Constitution of The Islamic Republic of Iran (1989), art. 59, 123 and 177 https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iran_1989.pdf
(2017)
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008): https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Iraq
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Iraqi Constitution, Articles 126 (2, 3, 4,), 131, & 142 (3, 4): http://parliament.iq/manshurat/dastoreng.pdf (2012)
|
2018/04/19
|
|
Irlande
|
a. Oui
|
C:27:5 "1° In every case in which the President decides that a Bill the subject of a petition under this Article contains a proposal of such national importance that the will of the people thereon ought to be ascertained, he shall inform the Taoiseach and the Chairman of each House of the Oireachtas accordingly in writing under his hand and Seal and shall decline to sign and promulgate such Bill as a law unless and until the proposal shall have been approved either i by the people at a Referendum in accordance with the provisions of section 2 of Article 47 of this Constitution within a period of eighteen months from the date of the President’s decision,"
Source:
Articles 27 and 47 of the Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann); the Electoral Act 1992; the Referendum Act 1994; the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1998 and the Referendum Act 2001
Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=107&database_theme=309
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Islande
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/20
|
|
Israël
|
b. Non
|
Source:
International IDEA Direct Democracy Handbook:
https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook.pdf
|
2019/06/13
|
|
Italie
|
a. Oui
|
C:75 "(1) When requested by 500,000 voters or by five regional councils, a popular referendum decides on total or partial repeal of a law or other acts with legal force. (2) No such referenda are allowed for tax or budget laws, amnesties, pardons, or ratification of international treaties. (3) Citizens entitled to vote for the house of representatives may also participate in a referendum. (4) The referendum succeeds if a majority of those eligible have participated and if the proposal has received a majority of the valid votes."
C:138 "(1) Law amending the constitution and other constitutional acts are adopted by each of the two chambers twice within no less than three months and need the approval of a majority of the members of each chamber in the second voting. (2) Such laws are afterwards submitted to popular referendum when, within three months of their publication, a request is made by one fifth of the members of either chamber, by 500,000 electors, or by five regional councils. The law submitted to referendum is not promulgated if it does not receive the majority of valid votes.
(3) No referendum may be held if the law has been approved by each chamber in the second vote with a majority of two thirds of its members."
Source:
Constitution, Art. 75 and 138
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Italy_2012?lang=en
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Jamahiriya arabe libyenne
|
b. Non
|
Source:
The Constitutional Declaration, Art. 30. (National Transitional Council of Libya): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Libya_2011
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Japon
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008):https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf
|
2019/07/10
|
|
Jersey
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/23
|
|
Jordanie
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/constitution_jo.html (2012)
|
2016/08/05
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan: amended on June 9th, 2021. Article 91.
https://www.akorda.kz/en/constitution-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-50912
|
2024/10/24
|
|
Kenya
|
b. Non
|
|
2017/07/07
|
|
Kirghizstan
|
a. Oui
|
C:1 "5. Amendments and supplements to the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Laws of the Kyrgyz Republic, and other important matters of state life may be referred for a referendum (national vote). The grounds and procedure for holding a referendum shall be established by
constitutional law."
Source:
Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic (2021), art. 2: https://constsot.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/constitution-of-the-kyrgyz-republic.pdf
Constitutional Law on Referendum in Kyrgyz Republic 2016(amended in 2019), art. 7: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/d2/KYRG_Const%20Law%20on%20Referendum.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Kiribati
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kiribati_2013
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) https://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/direct-democracy-international-idea-handbook?lang=en
|
2020/05/03
|
|
Koweït
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.pm.gov.kw/en/state_Of_Kuwait/kuwaitConstitution.jsp (2013)
|
2013/01/30
|
|
Laos
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Constitution/view
|
2021/02/28
|
|
Lesotho
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008)
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Lettonie
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Law: Law on National Referendum and Initiation of Legislation as amended till 26 February 2009.
|
2014/10/03
|
|
Liban
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%20Constitution.pdf
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=124&database_theme=309
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Liberia
|
b. Non
|
MR. BOBBY W. LIVINGSTONE- INFORMATION OFFICER OF THE IEC OF LIBERIA
Source:
The 1986 Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, Art. 91 & 92, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein [2014], Articles 66, 66bis, 112, and 113.
https://www.llv.li/files/rdr/Verfassung-E-01-02-2014.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Lituanie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Republic of Lithuania, Law on Referendum (4 June 2002, As last amended on 6 May 2014 — No XII-860), art. 5
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/7b65c002233a11e6acbed8d454428fb7?jfwid=nz8qn8fey
|
2019/04/15
|
|
Luxembourg
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Law on Referendum on a national level; https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2005/02/04/n1/jo
Constitution, Art. 51(7), 114: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Luxembourg_2009
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Macédoine, ARYM
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia, art. 73.
https://www.sobranie.mk/the-constitution-of-the-republic-of-macedonia-ns_article-constitution-of-the-republic-of-north-macedonia.nspx
Law on Referendum and other forms of direct vote of citizens, art. 24-26:
https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a9/NMAC_on%20referendum.pdf
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Madagascar
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 55 (5): http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/constitution.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/12
|
|
Malaisie
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Malawi
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/12
|
|
Maldives
|
a. Oui
|
C:42 "(f) Holding public referendums on major issues concerning which the President requires to obtain public opinion."
C:132. "It shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Elections, in accordance with the Constitution and law, to organise and conduct the general public vote to elect the President, elections of the members of the People’s Majlis and the People’s Special Majlis and public referendums as may be required by the President to obtain public opinion."
C:133 "Voting in elections and public referendums stipulated in the Constitution and the law shall be by secret ballot."
Source:
Constitution (2008), art. 70 (b-6), 115 (p), 264: http://www.majlis.gov.mv/en/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-english.pdf (2018)
|
2019/02/13
|
|
Mali
|
a. Oui
|
C:41 "The President of the Republic, by proposal of the Cabinet, during the duration of its sessions or by proposal of the National Assembly, after the opinion of the Constitutional Court is published in the Official Journal, may place under referendum any and all questions of national interest, any law related to the organization of public powers, consisting of an approval of an accord of union or an authorization of a treaty which, without being unconstitutional, would have effect on the function of the Institutions. When the referendum has concluded that the proposal is to be adopted, the President of the Republic shall promulgate it in the manner prescribed in Article 40."
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Mali, art. 41
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2006/12/30
|
|
Malte
|
a. Oui
|
b) The Referenda Act.
Source:
The Referenda Act (Cap.237), Art. 3 (1): http://www.maltadata.com/ref-act.htm (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Maroc
|
a. Oui
|
Constitution and Electoral Law
Source:
Morocco's Constitution of 2011, Article 172: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Maurice
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mauritanie
|
a. Oui
|
C:II:Art38 "The President of the Republic, on any question of national importance, may have recourse to the people through a referendum."
Source:
Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law n° 2012-015, art. 38: www.mauritania.mr (2012)
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Mexique
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 35 (VIII & IX): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Referendum Law: "Ley Federal de Consulta Popular", arts. 5–6: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfcpo-2024/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley Federal de Revocación de Mandato”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfrm-2022/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Micronésie
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Direct Democracy Database, IDEA, https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=145&database_theme=309
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldova, Rép.de
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2021/03/30
|
|
Monaco
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution
|
2012/04/27
|
|
Mongolie
|
a. Oui
|
C:25 "(1) The National Parliament may consider, at its initiative, any issue pertaining to domestic and foreign policies of the country, and retains within its exclusive competence the following questions and decisions thereon: [...] 16) to hold national referendums, to verify the validity of a referendum in which the majority of eligible citizens has taken parts, and to consider the question which has obtained a majority vote as decided;"
C:66 "(2) The Constitutional Court, in accordance with Paragraph (1), issues judgements to the National Parliament on: 2) the constitutionality of national referendums and decisions of the central election authority on the elections of the National Parliament and its members as well as on presidential elections;"
C:68 "(1) Amendments to the Constitution may be initiated by organization and officials enjoying the right to legislative initiative and may be proposed by the Constitutional Court to the National Parliament. (2) A national referendum on constitutional amendment may be held on the concurrence of not less than two-thirds of the members of the National Parliament. The referendum is held in accordance with the provisions of Article 25 (1) No. 16."
Source:
Constitution, Art. 25 (1.16), 68: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mongolia_2001?lang=en (2017)
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Monténégro
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Law: Law on Referendum as of 19 February 2001, art. 3(2).
https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL(2005)076-e
|
2021/12/25
|
|
Mozambique
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 73, 136, 159 (c), 179 (2-f): http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/Legisla/constituicao_republica/constituicao.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/15
|
|
Namibie
|
a. Oui
|
C:63 "(1) The National Assembly, as the principal legislative authority in and over Namibia, shall have the power, subject to this Constitution, to make and repeal laws for the peace, order and good government of the country in the best interest of the people of Namibia. (2) The National Assembly shall further have the power and function, subject to this Constitution: [...] g) to initiate, approve or decide to hold a referendum on matters of national concern;"
C:132 "If a Bill proposing... a repeal and/or amenment of any the provisions of this constitution secures a majority of two-thirds of all the members of the National Assembly, but fails to secure a majority of two-thirds of all the members of the National Council, the President may by proclamation make the bill the subject of a national referendum."
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Namibia, Ch. 19, Art 63 & Art 132, Sec 3 (a).
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/12
|
|
Nauru
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution 1968, Art. 84.
|
2019/07/11
|
|
Nicaragua
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 2:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/constitucion/constitucion-politica-de-nicaragua-con-reformas-a/ (2016);
Electoral Law No. 331: “Ley Electoral No. 331 (enmendada por la ley No. 790 del 23/05/2012)”, art. 133 - 138:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/leyes-electorales/nicaragua-ley-no.-331-ley-electoral-2012/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Niger
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of 25 November 2010 with its amendments, art. 60: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Niger_2010.pdf (2016);
Ordinance No. 2010-96 of 28 December 2010 establishing the Electoral Code, art. 129: http://www.electionpassport.com/files/Niger-Electoral-Code-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Nigeria
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution 1999 (as amended): http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013);
Electoral Act 2010: http://www.inecnigeria.org/downloads/?did=5 (2013)
|
2015/03/30
|
|
Niue
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Cosntitution.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
https://cnmilaw.org/pdf/public_laws/12/pl12-18.pdf
Election law 6208 (e)
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Norvège
|
b. Non
|
There is no law for referendum. They are always held on an ad hoc basis when a majority of the parliament calls for one. The parliament and local councils may organize advisory referendums on any issue.
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Nouvelle-Zélande
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Electoral Referendum Act 1993: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0086/latest/DLM307166.html?search=ts_act_electoral_resel (2017);
Electoral Referendum Act 2010: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2010/0139/latest/whole.html?search=ts_act_electoral+referendum+act+2010_resel&p=1 (2017);
Referendums Framework Act 2019 Part 2:
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0071/latest/LMS215774.html?src=qs
https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/how-parliament-works/parliamentary-practice-in-new-zealand/chapter-40-referendums/
Citizens Initiated Referenda Act 1993: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0101/latest/DLM317193.html?search=ts_act_citizens_resel (2017);
Referenda (Postal Voting) Act 2000: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2000/0048/latest/DLM73881.html?search=ts_act_postal_resel (2017)
|
2024/07/12
|
|
Népal
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of Nepal 2015, Article 275:
http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2016/01/constitution-of-nepal-2.pdf
Article
|
2018/04/06
|
|
Oman
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Basic Statute of the State, as amended by Royal Decree No. 99/2011: https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/oman_basic_statute_of_the_state_2011-english.pdf
|
2025/05/12
|
|
Ouganda
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 69, 74: http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf
|
2026/03/18
|
|
Ouzbékistan
|
a. Oui
|
C:P1:Ch2:9 "Major matters of public and state life shall be submitted for a nationwide discussion and put to a direct vote of the people (a referendum). The procedure for holding referendums shall be specified by law."
C:P2:Ch8:32 "All citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have the right to participate in the management and administration of public and state affairs, both directly and through representation. They may exercise this right by way of self-government, referendums and democratic formation of state bodies."
C:P4:Ch17:74 "The Republic of Karakalpakstan shall have the right to secede from the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis of a nationwide referendum held by the people of Karakalpakstan."
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Articles 9, 154: https://constitution.uz/en/clause/index
|
2024/08/26
|
|
Pakistan
|
a. Oui
|
C:26B "(6) If, at any time, the President, in his discretion, or on the advice of the Prime Minister, considers that it is desirable that any matter of national importance should be referred to a referendum, the President may cause the matter to be referred to a referendum in the form of a question that is capable of being answered either by "Yes" or "No". (7) An act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may lay down the procedure for the holding of a referendum and the compiling and consolidation of the result of a referendum."
Source:
Constitution, Art. 48 (6)
https://na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1333523681_951.pdf
|
2024/02/07
|
|
Palau
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. IX.
|
2016/11/04
|
|
Palestinien Occupé, Territoire
|
b. Non
|
Constitution not valid, only a draft. No provisions for DD in current laws.
Source:
Palestinian Basic Law: http://www.osservatorioiraq.it/sites/default/files/Palestinian%20Basic%20Law%20with%20Amendements%20-%20english.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/09
|
|
Panama
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-codigo-electoral-2023/
|
2024/12/05
|
|
Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea: http://www.igr.gov.pg/constitution.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
a. Oui
|
C:TII:ChX:121 "A legislative referendum, approved by law, can be either binding or nonbinding. A law will regulate this institution."
EL:260 “The initiative for the consultation via referendum is exclusive duty of the Executive Power, five Senators or ten representatives. There shall be no referendum during the state of exception or within the 90 days subsequent to its removal. Also, it shall not be called within the previous 90 days and subsequent 90 days to the date of general elections or municipal elections or of another referendum."
Source:
Electoral Law: Código Electoral Paraguayo (Ley 834/96), art. 259-275:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/paraguay-codigo-electoral-2014/ (2014)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
Pays-Bas
|
b. Non
|
For each (optional) referendum a specific law has to be passed by Parliament.
Source:
Wet raadgevend referendum: https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0036443/2015-07-01
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Philippines
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 32; Art. XVII, Sec. 3: http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/ (2016)
Republic Act No. 6735 "The Initiative and Referendum Act": http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/ElectionLaws/OtherElectionLaws/RA6735 (2016)
|
2016/05/12
|
|
Pologne
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Election Code: Act of 5 January 2011 on Election Code to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland, articles 90 (3) and 125: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/40/POL_Election%20Code.pdf
The Act of 14th March 2003 on nation-wide referendum
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
a. Oui
|
It should be mentioned since there is no question about this constraint “Referenda shall not
be called or carried out between the dates for calling and carrying out a general election for the organs
with supreme authority [President and Parliament] or the organs of self-government of the autonomous
regions or of local government or for the European Parliament.” Portuguese Constitution article 115 nr 7.
Due to the annoucement of the European referendum several opinions expressed the view
that the constraint should be lifted, in order that a referendum could occur simultaneously with local
general elections next October (2005). See question R.9 for a related remark . It should be mentioned
that some political parties backed by constitutionalists showed strong opposition.
Source:
Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Seventh Revision [2005], Articles 115(1):
https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/Constitution7th.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
c. Information non disponible
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico”, art. VII (s. 1, 2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-constitucion-1970/ ;
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”, art. 11.001–11.010: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Pérou
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution as amended by Law No 29402 of 2011, art. 32: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/constitucion/peru-constitucion-politica-2011/ (2016);
Law Nº 26300 on Political participation and control rights of the citizens:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-de-los-derechos-de-participacion-y/ (2016)
|
2016/02/18
|
|
Qatar
|
a. Oui
|
C:75 "The Emir shall seek public opinion on important issues pertaining to the interests of the State in a referendum. The subject of such referendum shall be deemed acceptable if acknowledged by the majority of voters; and the results of the referendum shall be binding and effective from the date of its announcement. The results shall be published in the official Gazette."
Source:
Constitution, art. 75: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Roumanie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Romania, amended in 2003, art. 90.
http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?den=act2_2&par1=3#t3c2s0a90 (2014)
|
2020/08/24
|
|
Royaume-Uni
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Political Parties elections and referendums Act 2000, Part VII. The Conduct Regulations
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/41/part/VII
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook.pdf
|
2025/06/30
|
|
Russie
|
a. Oui
|
ad C) Normative regulations of the Central Election Commission (purpose of which is uniform adaptation of the legal acts regulating referendums).
ad D)Generally accepted rules and norms of the international law.
Source:
EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) REFERENDUMS IN EUROPE – AN ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL RULES IN EUROPEAN STATES: https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2005)034-e
|
2024/03/27
|
|
Rwanda
|
a. Oui
|
Le Président de la République, après consultation de la Cour Suprême, peut soumettre au référendum une question d‟intérêt national, la Constitution, un projet de la Constitution, une loi ou un projet de loi, conformément aux dispositions de la présente Constitution ou d‟autres lois. (Constitution, art. 107)
Source:
Constitution (2015), Art. 107: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-constitution-versions-francaise-et-anglaise/
|
2017/03/03
|
|
Rép.dominicaine
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitución: Constitución de la República Dominicana (2015) art. 210: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-constitucion-politica-2015/ (2020)
|
2020/02/05
|
|
République Centrafricaine
|
a. Oui
|
C:101 "Revision intervenes when the draft presented to the state has been passed by the National Assembly by a three-fourths majority of the members which compose it, or has been adopted by referendum."
Source:
Electoral Law N° 09.016, Art. 136 - 151: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016);
Constitution, Art. 19, 28, 107: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/fr/text.jsp?file_id=193706 (2016)
|
2021/04/19
|
|
République tchèque
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Czech Republic of December 16, 1992 (Amended by Act No. 515/2002 Coll.), art. 2(2).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Czech_Republic_2013?lang=en (2017)
|
2018/03/02
|
|
Sahara Occidental
|
c. Information non disponible
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Saint - Siège
|
b. Non
|
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Saint Christophe-et-Nevis
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
2020/04/20
|
|
Saint-Marin
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Law n.101 of 28 November 1994 "New Rules for referendum and people's legislative initiative": http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21630leggi_5165.pdf (2012);
Constitution, Art. 3 bis, (Available on the Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm)
|
2012/05/28
|
|
Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines
|
b. Non
|
Source:
St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Electoral Law
|
2021/12/27
|
|
Sainte-Lucie
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/26
|
|
Samoa
|
c. Information non disponible
|
|
2021/04/10
|
|
Serbie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, art. 108, 203.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/constitution-of-the-republic-of-serbia-2006/view
|
2017/03/15
|
|
Seychelles
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011). Art. 164
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
Elections Act Chapter 68A (1996). Part IV section 54
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-electoral-act-1996/view
|
2025/03/03
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution (2008), art. 37 & 108: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-constitution-2008/view
|
2017/01/16
|
|
Singapour
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, art. 5 (2A): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Singapore_2010?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Slovaquie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Slovak Republic, Articles 93-100
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SK/constitution-of-the-slovak-republic-as-amended-to/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Slovénie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution Article 90
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Slovenia_2013?lang=en
|
2026/04/03
|
|
Somalie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Transitional Constitution of 2012, Art. 141: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
|
2016/11/25
|
|
Soudan
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
The Interim National Constitution of 2005, art. 217: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ba749762.html (2012)
|
2012/09/04
|
|
Soudan du sud
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Transitional Constitution 2011, art. 193 (1): http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e269a3e2.html%C2%A0 (2012)
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
a. Oui
|
C:86 "The President may, subject to the provisions of Article 85, submit to the People by Referendum any matter which in the opinion of the President is of national importance."
Source:
Constitution, Art. 86: http://www.parliament.lk/constitution/constitution.jsp (2012);
The Referendum Act of 1981: http://www.commonlii.org/lk/legis/num_act/ra7o1981166/index.html (2012)
|
2016/02/15
|
|
Suisse
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 141: https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/201506140000/101.pdf (2014)
Electoral Law of 17 December 1976 regulating political rights, Art. 10 - 15, 59, 76: http://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19760323/index.html (2014).
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Suriname
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 186: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Suriname/english.html (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Suède
|
a. Oui
|
a)The Instrument of Government (part of Swedish constitution)
b) The Act on National Referenda
For each individual national referendum, the Swedish Parliament will decide upon a legal act stipulating the detailed provisions for that respective referendum. This act will be valid parallel to the other relevant legal documents, see source below.
Source:
The Instrument of the Government Ch. 8, Section 4, 15: Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Start/Bestall/Sprakversioner/English---engelska1/Sveriges-grundlagar-och-riksdagsordningen1/ (2012);
Act on National Referenda (SFS 1979:369): http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/06/97/09/436f8d27.pdf (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Swaziland
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/12
|
|
Syrie
|
a. Oui
|
C:Ch2:Part1:55 "The law provides for elections and plebiscites. It defines the conditions to be met by members of the People's Assembly."
Source:
The 1973 Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic, art. 55
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2014/06/03
|
|
São Tomé e Príncipe
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 123 (2):https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Sao_Tome_and_Principe_1990.pdf?lang=en (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Sénégal
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution 2012, art. 51: http://www.assemblee-nationale.sn/images/stories/PDF/constitution_du_senegal.pdf (2013)
English: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2009?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/22
|
|
Tadjikistan
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitutional Law of the Republic of Tajikistan on Referendum in the Republic of Tajikistan (1995), art. 1, 2:
|
2025/02/18
|
|
Tanzanie
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.tz.undp.org/ESP/docs/Legal_Documents/Tanzania_Constitution.pdf (2013);
The Constitutional Review Act No. 8 of 2011 as amended by the Act No. 2 of 2012: http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/8Eng-2011.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/13
|
|
Taïwan
|
a. Oui
|
C:ChII:17 "The people shall have the rights of election, recall, initiative, and referendum."
C:ChXI:123 "The people of the County shall, in accordance with law, exercise the rights of initiative and referendum in matters relating to county self-government and shall, in accordance with law, exercise the rights of election and recall of the Magistrate and other county self-government officials."
C:ChXII:136 "The exercise of the rights of initiative and referendum shall be prescribed by law."
C:ChXIV:174 "The Constitution shall be amended in accordance with either one of the following procedures: 1. The Constitution may be amended upon the proposal of one fifth of the total number of Delegates to the National Assembly and by a resolution of three fourths of the Delegates present at a meeting with a quorum of two thirds of all Delegates to the National Assembly. 2. An amendment to the Constitution may be drawn up by the Legislative Yuan and submitted by it to the National Assembly for concurrence through referendum upon the proposal of one fourth of the Members of the Legislative Yuan and by a resolution of three fourths of the Members present at a meeting with a quorum of three fourths of all Members of the Yuan. Such a proposed amendment to the Constitution shall be publicly announced half a year before the National Assembly meets."
|
2020/04/13
|
|
Tchad
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law n° 008/PR/2005, art. 82: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chad_2005.pdf?lang=en (2016)
|
2019/04/23
|
|
Thaïlande
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, Art. 166: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Thailand_2017
|
2023/10/11
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
a. Oui
|
C:66 "1. Voters who are registered in the national territory may be called upon to express their opinions in a referendum on issues of relevant national interest. 2. A referendum shall be called by the President of the Republic, following a proposal by one third, and deliberation approved by a two thirds majority, of the Members of the National Parliament, or following a well-founded proposal by the Government. 3. Matters falling under the exclusive competence of the Parliament, the Government and the Courts as defined by the Constitution shall not be the subject of a referendum. 4. A referendum shall only be binding where the number of voters is higher than half of the registered electors. 5. The process of a referendum shall be defined by law."
C:85 "It is exclusively incumbent upon the President of the Republic: [...] f) To submit relevant issues of national interest to a referendum as laid down in Section 66;"
C:95 "2. It is exclusively incumbent upon the National Parliament to make laws on: [...] h) The electoral law and the referendum system; [...] 3. It is also incumbent upon the National Parliament: [...] k) To propose to the President of the Republic the submission to referendum of issues of national interest."
C:115 "2. It is also incumbent upon the Government in relation with other organs: [...] d) To propose to the President of the Republic the submission to referendum of relevant issues of national interest;"
C:156 "1. Laws revising the Constitution shall respect: a) National independence and the unity of the State; b) The rights, freedoms and guarantees of citizens; c) The republican form of government; d) The separation of powers; e) The independence of the courts; f) The multi-party system and the right of democratic opposition; g) The free, universal, direct, secret and regular suffrage of the office holders of the organs of sovereignty, as well as the system of proportional representation; h) The principle of administrative deconcentration and decentralisation; i) The National Flag; j) The date of proclamation of national independence. 2. Paragraphs c) and i) may be reviewed through a national referendum, in accordance with the law."
Source:
Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, articles 66, 85 (f), 95 (3-k), 115 (2-d): https://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf
|
2024/11/14
|
|
Togo
|
a. Oui
|
Le président de la république peut soumettre au référendum tout bprojetde loi constitutionnelle.
Source:
Constitution, art. 144 (4): http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,TGO,456d621e2,48ef43c72,0.html (2013)
|
2013/01/10
|
|
Tonga
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution of Tonga: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/Tonga%20Act%20of%20Constitution%201988.pdf/view (2021)
|
2021/09/15
|
|
Trinidad-et-Tobago
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-rop-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Tunisie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
The Constitution of 26 January 2014, art. 82, 144: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-constitution-of-26-january-2014/view (2014);
Organic Law n° 2014-16 of 26 May 2014 on Elections and Referenda: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/view (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkménistan
|
a. Oui
|
C:SecV:94 "To decide the most important questions of governmental and social life, general and local referenda may be conducted. An act adopted by decision of a referendum may only be repealed by decision of a general referendum."
C:SecV:95 "The right to schedule a general referendum belongs to the People's Council on the petition of not less than one quarter of its members or on the petition of not less than 250 thousand citizens who have the right to vote."
C:SecV:98 "The method of conducting elections and general and local referenda is determined by law. Elections and referenda are not conducted during a period of state of emergency."
Source:
Constitution of Turkmenistan (2008), art. 63 (5), 94 (1): http://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/constitutions/country/51 (2013)
Law on Referendum of Turkmenistan (1993), art. 4 & 5
|
2013/03/06
|
|
Turquie
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 175: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Tuvalu
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution.
|
2012/06/20
|
|
Ukraine
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 72
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80
|
2019/03/12
|
|
Uruguay
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, art. 79, 304, 305, 331, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Vanuatu
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
|
2016/01/27
|
|
Venezuela
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela”, arts. 16 (2), 71, 72, 73, 197: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-constitucion-reforma-2009/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
Viêt Nam
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of 1992 as amended, art. 53, 84 (14), 91 (12): http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=10450 (2016)
|
2021/03/24
|
|
Yémen
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 101 (a), 158: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/category,LEGAL,,,YEM,3fc4c1e94,0.html (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
Zambie
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Referendum Act (Chapter 14).
http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Referendum%20Act.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Zanzibar
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Referendum Act No. 6 of 2010, art. 3 (1)
http://www.zec.go.tz/en/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Referendum-Act-No6-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/03/24
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
c. Information non disponible
|
|
2018/10/31
|
|
Égypte
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art.157: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Émirats arabes unis
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: hhttps://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Arab_Emirates_2009?lang=en
|
2019/09/25
|
|
Équateur
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 106, 420, 441: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
États-Unis
|
b. Non
|
Source:
U.S. Constitution:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/US/united-states-of-america-constitution-1992/view
|
2024/10/15
|
|
Éthiopie
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 39 (4 - b,c), 47 (3 - b,c,e);
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007, art. 32: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Îles Cayman
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution: “Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009”, Section 69, 70: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-constitution-2009/ ;
Referendum Law 2012: “Referendum (Single-member Constituencies) Law 2012”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-referendum-law-2012/ ;
Referendum Law 2019: “Referendum (People-initiated Referendum Regarding the Port) Law 2019”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-referendum-law-2019/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
Îles Cocos
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, as amended on 8 March 2019: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103
International IDEA Handbook for Direct Democracy (2008), page 192: https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf
|
2019/07/11
|
|
Îles Cook
|
c. Information non disponible
|
Source:
Teokoati Joseph, Chief Probation Officer, Probation Service – Ministry of Justice
|
2015/11/06
|
|
Îles Fakland (Malvinas)
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: “Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-constitution-2008/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Îles Marshall
|
a. Oui
|
Source:
Constitution, art. XII (3-4). https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Marshall_Islands_1995
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Îles Salomon
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution of 1978,amended 2014: https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_Islands_2014.pdf?lang=en.(2019)
|
2019/03/01
|
|
Îles Turks-et- Caïques
|
b. Non
|
Source:
Constitution: “The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-constitution-2014/ ;
Final Report of the Electoral Observation Mission conducted by the British Islands and Mediterranean Region (BIMR) of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA UK) between 8th and 18th December 2016: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-cpa-uk-bimr-eom-final-report-2016/
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Îles Vierges Americaines
|
c. Information non disponible
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Îles Vierges Britanniques
|
c. Information non disponible
|
|
2019/03/05
|
