|
total countries/territories: 217
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Afghanistan
|
c. No information available
|
|
2019/09/24
|
|
Albania
|
b. No
|
No recall is possible.
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Albania.
|
2017/05/19
|
|
Algeria
|
b. No
|
No provisions in the Constitution.
Source:
Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Algeria_2008?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
American Samoa
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
Filivaa M. Mageo, Deputy Director of Elections, Territorial Election Office
|
2017/08/18
|
|
Andorra
|
b. No
|
Source:
IDEA International Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/42/45
|
2023/06/09
|
|
Angola
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of 3 February 2010: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7B9555c635-8d7c-4ea1-b7f9-0cd33d08ea40%7D.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Anguilla
|
b. No
|
|
2015/02/27
|
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
b. No
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/20
|
|
Argentina
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la Nación Argentina — Ley 24430, texto oficial ordenado”, art. 39 & 40: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-constitucion-nacional-reformas-1994/ (2019)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Armenia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Law on Referendum of the Republic of Armenia (2001): http://res.elections.am/images/doc/hanraqve_eng.pdf (2013);
Constitution of the Republic of Armenia: http://res.elections.am/images/doc/consist_eng.pdf (2013).
|
2015/12/01
|
|
Aruba
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2017/07/07
|
|
Australia
|
b. No
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf)
Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00100/f03f448e-da13-4d34-928b-688bc43735e4
|
2024/09/09
|
|
Austria
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Constitution of Austria, Articles 1-46
|
2012/05/29
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
a. Yes
|
If political parties or referendum campaign groups merge, all but one of the members with consultative voting rights affiliated with these parties or groups shall be recalled from the election commissions. If a political party or referendum campaign group does not adhere to this requirement, the relevant election commission shall exclude on its own consideration the member with consultative voting rights to be recalled from the commission.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan including 2024 amendments, article 21.4: https://msk.gov.az/uploads/qanunvericilik/Election-Code-2024.pdf
|
2024/11/12
|
|
Bahamas
|
b. No
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas (CCB)
http://laws.bahamas.gov.bs/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1977/1977-0016/ConstitutionalReferendumAct_1.pdf
|
2017/03/27
|
|
Bahrain
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahrain_2017
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Bangladesh
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2012/05/30
|
|
Barbados
|
b. No
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Belarus
|
a. Yes
|
On the basis of a presentation made by the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Belarus on the violations committed in the course of the referendum, the Central Commission has the right to take a decision on either holding a repeated voting, within one month, in the voting precincts and other territories, where violations were committed, or on holding a repeated voting within one year over the entire territory of the Republic of Belarus.
Source:
Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 129–152: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/ ;
International IDEA – Direct Democracy database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/72/45
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Belgium
|
b. No
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/direct-democracy-international-idea-handbook);
The Belgian Constitution
|
2019/04/25
|
|
Belize
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Constitution: “Belize Constitution, Chapter 4”, Section 59 (2 f): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-constitution-2022/ ;
Recall Law: “Recall of Elected Representatives Act, Chapter 9:01”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-recall-of-elected-representatives-act-2020/
|
2025/03/24
|
|
Benin
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of 11 December 1990
http://www.gouv.bj/sites/default/files/Cour-Constitutionnelle-recueil-des-textes-fondamentaux.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/05
|
|
Bermuda
|
c. No information available
|
|
2012/05/31
|
|
Bhutan
|
b. No
|
There are no legal provisions for recall, but the removal of elected officials is carried out through impeachment procedures initiated by the Parliament.
Source:
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=26&database_theme=309
Constitution of Bhutan: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008
|
2024/08/27
|
|
Bolivia
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Constitution; "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 11 (II-1), 240 (III), 157, 170, 171, 195, 286 (II): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
Electoral Law; “Ley del Régimen Electoral — Ley 026-2010”, art. 25–34: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-026-2010-regimen-electoral-vigente/ (2019).
|
2024/12/10
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
b. No
|
BUT in BiH Draft Law on Amendments to the Election Law Article 3,7 Central Election Commission of BIH may issue excerpt from the Central Voter Register also for other constituencies where elections will be conducted, in the case of a recall of the elected official and to conduct referendum, on the basis of data contained in the
Central Voter Register.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
Electoral Law: Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, art. 3.1.
http://izbori.ba/Documents/documents/ZAKONI/BiH_Election_Law_last_consolidated_version_2018.pdf
|
2025/06/26
|
|
Botswana
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of Botswana: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-constitution-of-1966-with-amendments-up/view (2014).
Referendum Act, (Chapter 02:10): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-referendum-act-chapter-02-10/view (2014).
|
2014/10/28
|
|
Brazil
|
a. Yes
|
Brazil has legal provisions for recall elections at the national level.
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, Article 14:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Law on Elections, Law No. 9,504, September 30, 1997:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/lei-das-eleicoes/lei-das-eleicoes-lei-nb0-9.504-de-30-de-setembro-de-1997
Electoral Code, Law No. 4,737/1965:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
|
2024/10/24
|
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/fdl/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Brunei_Constitution_1959_amended%202011_EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/18
|
|
Bulgaria
|
c. No information available
|
|
2014/10/03
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution as amended in 2015, art. 49, 147, 164, 169, 98, 161: http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/fr/bf/bf017fr.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
a. Yes
|
A representative of the Hluttaw may be recalled on any of the following reasons:
(1) high treason;
(2) breach of any provision of this Constitution;
(3) misbehavior;
(4) disqualification prescribed in this Constitution for the Hluttaw representative;
(5) inefficient discharge of duties assigned to.
A minimum of one percent out of the original voters of the electorate of the constituency concerned shall submit the complaint to the Union Election Commission against the Hluttaw representative on whom it wishes to recall.
Source:
Constitution of Myanmar, art. 38 (a), 396: http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/Constitution-1.pdf (2015).
|
2015/11/20
|
|
Burundi
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: https://acbc.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl441/files/Legislation/Countries%20legislations/BURUNDI/Constitution%20of%20Burundi%20of%20_2018_compressed.pdf
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=37&database_theme=309
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Cambodia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.ccc.gov.kh/detail_info_en.php?_txtID=791
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Cameroon
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution. https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-constitution-of-cameroon-2008
|
2018/11/07
|
|
Canada
|
b. No
|
Source:
International Idea (2008):"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm).
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Cape Verde
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of Cape Verde as amended in 2010: http://www.parlamento.cv/Downloads/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Cabo%20verde,%202010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: “Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-constitution-2009/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
Central African Republic
|
b. No
|
Source:
Electoral Law N° 09.016, Art. 136 - 151: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016);
Constitution, Art. 19, 28, 69, 70, 107: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/fr/text.jsp?file_id=193706 (2016)
|
2021/04/19
|
|
Chad
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law n° 008/PR/2005: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chad_2005.pdf?lang=enf (2016)
|
2019/04/23
|
|
Chile
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Chile (2017)”, art. 128 & 129:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-1/
|
2025/03/27
|
|
China
|
a. Yes
|
All deputies to the national and local people's congresses shall be subject to the supervision of the voters and the electoral units which elect them. Both the voters and electoral units shall have the right to recall the deputies they elect.
Voters have this right on a county/ township level - a group of 30 or more voters in the electoral district may submit a demand in writing to the standing committee of the people's congress at the county level for the recall of a deputy they elected.
Source:
Electoral Law, Art. 43-48
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Cocos (keeling) Islands
|
b. No
|
There are no provisions in Australia for
citizens’ or agenda initiatives, or for the recall of elected officials.
Source:
International IDEA Handbook for Direct Democracy (2008), page 192: https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf
|
2019/07/11
|
|
Colombia
|
a. Yes
|
The recalls only comes against representatives of the departmental (Governors) and municipal (Mayors) levels.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 103:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016 (2016)
Law 134 of 1994 on political participation: “Ley 134-1994 de participación ciudadana”, art. 6:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/leyes-electorales/colombia-ley-134-de-1994-participacion-ciudadana/ (1994)
|
2024/12/13
|
|
Comoros
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
Constitution: http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/com128670.pdf (2016)
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.presidence.cg/files/my_files/constit200102.pdf (2017);
Election law of 24 November 2001: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2017)
Election law of 24 November 2001, Amended 2016
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-amendments-2016/view (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution de la RDC (2011):Constitution de la RDC (2011)http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CD/rdc-constitution-2011/
|
2016/11/30
|
|
Cook Islands
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
Teokoati Joseph, Chief Probation Officer, Probation Service – Ministry of Justice
|
2015/11/06
|
|
Costa Rica
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Municipal Law: "Ley 7794, Código Municipal", art. 19: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-ley-7794-codigo-municipal-2018.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
Croatia
|
c. No information available
|
|
2015/11/16
|
|
Cuba
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”, art. 80, 101, 116: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”, art. 14: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley No. 135, de Revocación de los elegidos a los órganos del Poder Popular”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-135-revocacion-mandato-2020-ace/
|
2023/09/12
|
|
Cyprus
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of Cyprus 1960 (rev. 2013)
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cyprus_2013?lang=en
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/90/45
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Cyprus (North)
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Czech Republic
|
b. No
|
--there are procedures on the recalling of candidates pre-election, but not the recalling of elected officials... essentially only the parties can recall their authorized representatives--
Act 275: (5) A political party, political movement or coalition performs acts in matters relating to the elections through its authorised representative. Authorized representatives or their substitutes are natural persons specified as such on the candidate list. Such persons shall not be younger than 18 years, have limited legal capacity)2 or be a candidate themselves. The political party, political
-39-
movement or coalition is bound by the acts performed by its representative in election-related matters. Each political party, political movement or coalition may recall its authorised representative or his/her substitute. In such case, the authorisation shall expire as of the delivery of the notice of recalling to the respective regional authority
Article 61 (3): (3) A person younger than 18 years, a person with limited legal liability)2 or a candidate shall not become an authorised representative. The political party, political movement or coalition shall be bound by the acts performed by its representative in election-related matters. Every political party, political movement or coalition may recall its authorised representative by a notice in writing; the authorisation shall be terminated as of the delivery of the notice to the authorised municipal office at the seat of the electoral constituency. Independent candidates shall have no authorised representatives
ACT 247: (1) Any candidate may resign from his/her nomination provided the resignation statement be made in writing prior to the opening of the election. The same procedure applies should a Political Party or coalition, through the instrumentality of its agent, wish to recall the candidate whom the party/coalition has nominated
Source:
Constitution of the Czech Republic
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Czech_Republic_2013?lang=en
ACT No 275 of 27 September 1995 on Elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic and on the Amendment of Certain Other Laws Article 32 (5) and Article 61 (3)
http://www.legislationline.org/search/runSearch/1/key/recall/country/35/rows/10/type/1
Czech Republic: Act No. 247 on Elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic and on Amendments of Certain Other Acts (Article 66)(1995) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CZ/czech-republic-act-no.-247-on-elections-to-the/view
|
2018/03/02
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://cndj.ci/constitution.htm (2012)
|
2012/12/17
|
|
Denmark
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2016/10/14
|
|
Djibouti
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, as amended by Constitutional Law n° 134/AN/06/5 L of 21 Avril 2010: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Djibouti_2010.pdf?lang=en (2016)
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/93/45
|
2018/04/02
|
|
Dominica
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/22
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitución: Constitución de la República Dominicana (2015) art. 210: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-constitucion-politica-2015/ (2020)
|
2020/02/05
|
|
Ecuador
|
a. Yes
|
The request for recall can be submitted after the first year and before the last year of the term of office for which the challenged authority was elected. The request for recall must be backed by a number accounting for no less than 10% of the persons registered in the corresponding electoral roll. In the case of the President of the Republic, the amount of signatures must account to no less than 15% of the persons registered in the electoral roll.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 61 (6), 105, 106: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana” art. 25-28: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
Egypt
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
|
2025/09/30
|
|
El Salvador
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution as amended by referendum of 23 November 2011
|
2012/10/03
|
|
Estonia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2015/03/03
|
|
Ethiopia
|
a. Yes
|
In case of loss of confidence, the people may recall an elected representative.
Source:
Constitution, art. 12 (3)
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: “Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-constitution-2008/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Fiji
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
International IDEA Direct Democracy Database
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/106/45
|
2018/04/20
|
|
Finland
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2018/03/16
|
|
France
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 3, 11, 60, 88-5, 89;
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/France_2008?lang=en
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2020/06/20
|
|
Gabon
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution (as amended in 2011), art. 2, 18, 114, 116
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gabon_1997?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Gambia
|
a. Yes
|
An Act of National Assembly may make provision for the recall of an elected member of the National Assembly. Such an Act shall require that a petition for recall shall be supported by at least one-third of the registered voters in the constituency and prescribe the grounds for recall and the powers of, and procedures to be adopted by the Independent Electoral Commission on receipt of such a petition.
4. where a no confidence motion is passed in accordance with subsection (3), the speaker shall request the Independent Electoral Commission to call for a referendum within thirty days of the passing of such motion to endorse or reject the decision of the National Assembly and where such decision is endorsed the President shall vacate the office.
Source:
Constitution, sections 63 (4, 5), 92: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GM/constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-gambia/view (2012)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Georgia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of Georgia:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_2018?lang=en
|
2024/07/24
|
|
Germany
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Constitution
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/German_Federal_Republic_2014?lang=en
|
2017/03/31
|
|
Ghana
|
b. No
|
Recalls are only applicable at the district level.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Ghana (1996), art. 249: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-constitution-1992-with-amendments-through/
|
2016/10/05
|
|
Gibraltar
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2019/11/04
|
|
Greece
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Greece_2008?lang=en
|
2020/07/26
|
|
Greenland
|
c. No information available
|
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Grenada
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/23
|
|
Guam
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
3 Guam Code 1121:
http://www.guamcourts.org/CompilerofLaws/GCA/03gca/3gc001.PDF
|
2020/10/28
|
|
Guatemala
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/constitucion/guatemala-constitucion-politica-2012/ —
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993.pdf ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/
|
2023/05/29
|
|
Guinea
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution (2010): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-constitution-2010-english-version/view
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.anpguinebissau.org/leis/constituicao/constituicaoguine.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Haiti
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2015/04/08
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
b. No
|
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Honduras
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de 1982", art. 5: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-constitucion-politica-de-1982-2021/ ;
Direct Democracy Law: "Ley de mecanismos de participación ciudadana (2013)”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-democracia-directa-2013/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
c. No information available
|
|
2021/06/07
|
|
Hungary
|
a. Yes
|
An objection to the results may be filed and the Electoral Commission will review and decide on the objection.
Source:
Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (last modified by Act CCVII of 2013), Sections 208-242: http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=159995.329468.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
Iceland
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/20
|
|
India
|
c. No information available
|
Legal provisions for direct democracy measures are not found in the Constitution or Representation of the Peoples Act.
Source:
The Constitution of India: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/IN/india-constitution-as-amended-to-2007/view
Representation of the People Act, 1950: http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf
Representation of the People Act, 1951: http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/04_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201951.pdf
|
2024/09/11
|
|
Indonesia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-constitution/view
|
2014/04/02
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
b. No
|
Source:
IDEA: Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=105&database_theme=309
IFES: "Duality By Design: The Iranian Electoral System" (2011). Electoral Management Bodies https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/14620_2_R_Duality_by_Design__The_Iranian_Electoral_System_Yasmin_Alem.pdf
(2017)
Iran: Elections Act of Islamic Consultative Assembly (1999) https://track.unodc.org/LegalLibrary/LegalResources/Iran/Laws/Elections%20Act%20of%20Islamic%20Consultative%20Assembley%20(ENG)%20(1999).pdf
(2017)
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Iraq
|
b. No
|
Source:
Iraqi Constitution, Articles 126 (2, 3, 4,), 131, & 142 (3, 4): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/Full%20Text%20of%20Iraqi%20Constitution.pdf/view
|
2018/04/19
|
|
Ireland
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=107&database_theme=309
Constitution: https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Israel
|
b. No
|
Source:
International IDEA Direct Democracy Handbook:
https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook.pdf
|
2019/06/13
|
|
Italy
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 75
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Italy_2012?lang=en
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Japan
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008): https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf
|
2019/07/10
|
|
Jersey
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/23
|
|
Jordan
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/constitution_jo.html (2012)
|
2016/08/05
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
c. No information available
|
|
2024/10/24
|
|
Kenya
|
b. No
|
the right of recall is limited to Members of Parliament representing the Constituency and Senators representing the County.
Source:
The Constitution of Kenya Article 104
Elections Act of 2011 Article 48
|
2017/07/07
|
|
Kiribati
|
a. Yes
|
If the Speaker receives a petition calling for the removal of an elected member of the Maneaba ni Maungatabu signed by a majority of the persons who were registered as electors, at the time of the last election of that member, in the electoral district from which that member was last elected, he shall send the petition forthwith to the Electoral Commission. The Electoral Commission shall, as soon as practicable after receipt of a petition under the preceding subsection, conduct a referendum to determine whether the member named in the petition should vacate his seat in the Maneaba.
Source:
Constitution of Kiribati, Art 59: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kiribati_2013
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) https://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/direct-democracy-international-idea-handbook?lang=en
|
2024/11/26
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
a. Yes
|
Article 92: Any voter, who has an objection to the validity of the national referendum, may bring an action to the Supreme Court against the chairman of the Central Election Management Commission with the support of one hundred thousand or more voters within twenty days from voting day.
Source:
National Referendum Act Article 92: http://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_mobile/viewer.do?hseq=15810&type=part&key=3
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Kuwait
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.pm.gov.kw/en/state_Of_Kuwait/kuwaitConstitution.jsp (2013)
|
2013/01/30
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
b. No
|
A deputy of the Jogorku Kenesh shall not be bound by the imperative mandate. The deputy may not be recalled.
Source:
Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic (2021), art. 79: https://constsot.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/constitution-of-the-kyrgyz-republic.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
a. Yes
|
Voters have the right to propose the removal of their own representatives if they are found to behave in a way not fitting their honourable positions and to lose the people's confidence.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 4 (3): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Constitution/view
|
2021/02/28
|
|
Latvia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2014/10/03
|
|
Lebanon
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%20Constitution.pdf
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=124&database_theme=309
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008)
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Liberia
|
b. No
|
Source:
The 1986 Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
b. No
|
Source:
The Constitutional Declaration, Art. 30. (National Transitional Council of Libya): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Libya_2011
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
a. Yes
|
Article 48(3): " Subject to the same conditions as in the preceding paragraph, 1,500 Liechtenstein citizens eligible to vote or four municipalities, by means of resolutions of their municipal assemblies, may demand a popular vote on the dissolution of Parliament."
Source:
Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein [2014], Articles 48(2,3) 113.
https://www.llv.li/files/rdr/Verfassung-E-01-02-2014.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Lithuania
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2020/06/05
|
|
Luxembourg
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=130&database_theme=309
Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Luxembourg_2009
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
b. No
|
Article 28
(1) Referendum at state level cannot be scheduled for issues that refer to the Budget of the Republic
of Macedonia and the final account of the Budget, public expenditures, the reserves of the Republic
of Macedonia, the issues on elections, the appointments and the dismissals and amnesty.
Source:
Law on Referendum and other forms of direct vote of citizens, art. 28:
https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a9/NMAC_on%20referendum.pdf
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Madagascar
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/constitution.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/12
|
|
Malawi
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/12
|
|
Malaysia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Maldives
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution 2008: http://www.majlis.gov.mv/en/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-english.pdf (2018)
|
2019/02/15
|
|
Mali
|
b. No
|
Source:
Article 79 de la constitution
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/23
|
|
Malta
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
b. No
|
No provisions in the Constitution.
Source:
Constitution https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Marshall_Islands_1995
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Mauritania
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law n° 2012-015: (2012)
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Mauritius
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mexico
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 35 (IX): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley Federal de Revocación de Mandato”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfrm-2022/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
c. No information available
|
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2021/03/30
|
|
Monaco
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution
|
2012/04/27
|
|
Mongolia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 25 (1.16), 68: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mongolia_2001?lang=en (2017)
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Montenegro
|
b. No
|
Article 5 (4): Councillors and members of parliament may not be recalled.
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm).
LAW ON ELECTION OF COUNCILLORS AND MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT, as amended 2016, Article 5 para.4
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7743/file/Montenegro_Law_elections_councillors_members_of_parliament_1998_am2016_en.pdf
|
2021/12/25
|
|
Morocco
|
b. No
|
Source:
Morocco's Constitution of 2011: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Mozambique
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/Legisla/constituicao_republica/constituicao.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/15
|
|
Namibia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/12
|
|
Nauru
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution 1968; Electoral Act 2016.
|
2019/07/11
|
|
Nepal
|
b. No
|
Source:
The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063 (2007): www.lawcommission.gov.np (2012)
|
2018/04/06
|
|
Netherlands
|
b. No
|
There are no provisions for recall initiatives in the legislation of the country.
Source:
International IDEA Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/node/301936
|
2022/08/02
|
|
New Zealand
|
b. No
|
There are no legal provisions for recall, but citizens can petition for a judicial review of the election.
Source:
Elections New Zealand Official Website: https://elections.nz/democracy-in-nz/about-elections/what-is-a-referendum/(2017)
Electoral Act 1993 Part 8:
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0087/latest/DLM307519.html
|
2024/07/12
|
|
Nicaragua
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Nicaragua (2014)”:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/constitucion/constitucion-politica-de-nicaragua-con-reformas-a/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Niger
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of 25 November 2010 with its amendments: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Niger_2010.pdf (2016);
Ordinance No. 2010-96 of 28 December 2010 establishing the Electoral Code: http://www.electionpassport.com/files/Niger-Electoral-Code-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Nigeria
|
a. Yes
|
A member of the Senate or of the House Representatives may be recalled as such a member if there is presented to the Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission a petition in that behalf signed by more than one-half of the persons registered to vote in that member's constituency alleging their loss of confidence in that member and the petition is thereafter, in a referendum conducted by the Independent National Electoral Commission within ninety days of the date of receipt of the petition, approved by a simple majority of the votes of the persons registered to vote in that member's constituency.
Source:
Constitution 1999 (as amended), art. 69: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013)
|
2015/03/30
|
|
Niue
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
a. Yes
|
To administer all general, primary, local, and special elections, including questions pertaining to initiatives, referenda and recalls in the Commonwealth. - Duties of the Election commission
Source:
https://cnmilaw.org/pdf/public_laws/12/pl12-18.pdf
Election law 6105 (b)
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Norway
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Oman
|
b. No
|
Source:
Basic Statute of the State, as amended by Royal Decree No. 99/2011
https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/oman_basic_statute_of_the_state_2011-english.pdf
|
2025/05/12
|
|
Pakistan
|
b. No
|
There are no Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level.
Source:
International IDEA Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=169&database_theme=309
|
2024/02/07
|
|
Palau
|
a. Yes
|
"The President or Vice President may be removed from office by a recall. A recall is initiated by a resolution adopted by not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the members of the state legislatures in not less than three-fourths (3/4) of the states. Upon receipt by the presiding officers of the Olbiil Era Kelulau of the required number of certified resolutions, the Olbiil Era Kelulau shall establish a special election board to supervise a nationwide recall referendum to be held not less than thirty (30) days nor more than sixty (60) days, after receipt of the required number of certified resolutions."
"The people may recall a member of the Olbiil Era Kelulau from office. A recall is initiated by a petition which shall name the member sought to be recalled, state the grounds for recall, and be signed by not less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the number of persons who voted in the most recent election for that member of the Olbiil Era Kelulau. A special recall election shall be held not later than sixty (60) calendar days after the filing of the recall petition. A member of the Olbiil Era Kelulau shall be removed from office only with the approval of a majority of the persons voting in the election, and such vacancy shall be filled by a special election to be held in accordance with law. A recall may be sought against an individual member of the Olbiil Era Kelulau no more than once per term. No recall shall be permitted against a member who is serving the first year of his first term in the Olbiil Era Kelulau."
Source:
Constitution, Art. VIII (10) & IX (17).
|
2016/11/09
|
|
Palestine
|
b. No
|
Source:
Palestinian Basic Law: http://www.osservatorioiraq.it/sites/default/files/Palestinian%20Basic%20Law%20with%20Amendements%20-%20english.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/09
|
|
Panama
|
a. Yes
|
Recalls are requested by, at least, 30% of the voters registered in the Electoral Roll of the corresponding electoral district in the corresponding election. Political parties can include that the corresponding citizens vote to enforce the recall of those who were nominated by them. For recalls to be binding, at least 50% of the registered voters must vote.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”, art. 151: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral”, art. 491, 492, 493–497: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-codigo-electoral-2023/
|
2024/12/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea: http://www.igr.gov.pg/constitution.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
b. No
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Código Electoral Paraguayo (Ley 834/96):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/paraguay-codigo-electoral-2014/ (2014)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
Peru
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Constitution as amended by Law N° 29402 of 2011, art. 2 (17), 31: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/constitucion/peru-constitucion-politica-2011/ (2016);
Law Nº 26300 on Political participation and control rights of the citizens:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-de-los-derechos-de-participacion-y/ (2016)
|
2016/02/18
|
|
Philippines
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/(2016)
Republic Act No. 6735 "The Initiative and Referendum Act": http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/ElectionLaws/OtherElectionLaws/RA6735 (2016)
|
2016/05/12
|
|
Poland
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008), p. 90&208:
https://www.eods.eu/library/IDEA.Direct-DemocracyEN.pdf
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
b. No
|
Source:
Consitution of the Portuguese Republic, Seventh Revision [2005], Articles 115, 167:
https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/Constitution7th.pdf
Legislative Initiative by Citizens:
https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/LeiIniciativaCidadaosEN.pdf
Legal Regime governing Referenda:
https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/ReferendoEN.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico”, art. VII (s. 1, 2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-constitucion-1970/ ;
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”, art. 11.001–11.010: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Qatar
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 75: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=181&database_theme=309
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Romania
|
a. Yes
|
Article 95: (1) In case of having committed grave acts infringing upon constitutional provisions, the President of Romania may be suspended from office by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, in joint sitting, by a majority vote of Deputies and Senators, and after consultation with the Constitutional Court.
(3) If the proposal of suspension from office has been approved, a referendum shall be held within 30 days, in order to remove the President from office.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Romania, amended in 2003, art. 95.
http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?den=act2_2&par1=3#t3c1s3a74 (2014)
|
2020/08/24
|
|
Russian Federation
|
a. Yes
|
An election association in order and on the ground stipulated by the federal law and (or) the statute of election association is entitled to recall a candidate nominated by such association.
Source:
FEDERAL LAW ON BASIC GUARANTEES OF ELECTORAL RIGHTS AND THE RIGHT OF CITIZENS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TO PARTICIPATE IN A REFERENDUM, article 38: https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-REF(2012)008-e
|
2024/03/27
|
|
Rwanda
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution (2015): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-constitution-versions-francaise-et-anglaise/
|
2017/03/03
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
Constitution of Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
2020/04/20
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/26
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
b. No
|
Source:
St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Electoral Law
|
2021/12/27
|
|
Samoa
|
c. No information available
|
|
2021/04/10
|
|
San Marino
|
b. No
|
|
2012/05/28
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Constitution,:https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Sao_Tome_and_Principe_1990.pdf?lang=en (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
b. No
|
Source:
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Senegal
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution 2012: http://www.assemblee-nationale.sn/images/stories/PDF/constitution_du_senegal.pdf (2013)
English: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2009?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/22
|
|
Serbia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2017/03/15
|
|
Seychelles
|
c. No information available
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011).
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
|
2025/03/03
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution (2008): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-constitution-2008/
|
2017/01/16
|
|
Singapore
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Singapore_2010?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Slovakia
|
a. Yes
|
(1) Announcement of the chairman of the National Council of the Slovak Republic about holding of a plebiscite on recalling of the president21) (hereinafter the “plebiscite”) shall be promulgated in the Collection of Laws of the Slovak Republic.
(2) The announcement on holding of the plebiscite shall include
a) the day of approval of a decision issued by the National Council of the Slovak Republic, based on which the plebiscite is to be held,
b) the day, or days, when the plebiscite is to be held; Section 2 §§ 2 – 4 shall apply to determination of the time of the plebiscite.
Source:
Act on election of the president of the Slovak Republic, plebiscite, recalling of president and amending of some other acts, as amended, Articles 32-49: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SK/slovakia-presidential-election-law-1999/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Slovenia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Slovenia_2013?lang=en
|
2017/03/30
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of 1978,amended 2014: https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_Islands_2014.pdf?lang=en.(2019)
|
2019/03/01
|
|
Somalia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Transitional Constitution of 2012:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
|
2016/11/25
|
|
South Africa
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2014/05/01
|
|
South Sudan
|
b. No
|
Source:
Transitional Constitution 2011: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e269a3e2.html%C2%A0 (2012)
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Spain
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Española”, art. 87, 151, 167 & 168:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-constitucion-espanola-2011-2016/
|
2025/04/24
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.parliament.lk/constitution/constitution.jsp (2012);
Official Website of the Department of Elections: http://www.slelections.gov.lk/ep.html (2012)
|
2016/02/15
|
|
Sudan
|
b. No
|
Source:
The Interim National Constitution of 2005: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ba749762.html (2012)
|
2012/09/04
|
|
Suriname
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Suriname/english.html (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Swaziland
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/12
|
|
Sweden
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 138 - 141: https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/201506140000/101.pdf (2015)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2014/06/03
|
|
Taiwan
|
a. Yes
|
|
2020/04/13
|
|
Tajikistan
|
b. No
|
|
2025/02/18
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.tz.undp.org/ESP/docs/Legal_Documents/Tanzania_Constitution.pdf (2013);
The Constitutional Review Act No. 8 of 2011 as amended by the Act No. 2 of 2012: http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/8Eng-2011.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/13
|
|
Thailand
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Thailand_2017
|
2023/10/11
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste: https://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf
Law n.º 6/2008 of 16 April 2008 regulating political party funding: https://mj.gov.tl/jornal/lawsTL/RDTL-Law/RDTL-Laws/Law-2008-06.pdf
Law n.º 6/2006 on the Election of the National Parliament of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste: https://mj.gov.tl/jornal/lawsTL/RDTL-Law/RDTL-Laws/Law-2006-06.pdf
|
2024/11/14
|
|
Togo
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,TGO,456d621e2,48ef43c72,0.html (2013)
|
2013/01/10
|
|
Tonga
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of Tonga: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/Tonga%20Act%20of%20Constitution%201988.pdf/view (2021)
|
2014/11/21
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-rop-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Tunisia
|
b. No
|
Source:
The Constitution of 26 January 2014: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-constitution-of-26-january-2014/view (2014);
Organic Law n° 2014-16 of 26 May 2014 on Elections and Referenda: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/view (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
b. No
|
Source:
IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
a. Yes
|
Parliament can be dissolved prematurely on the basis of a decision through national referendum.
The question for removal of President of Turkmenistan from the office is put on national referendum.
Source:
Constitution of Turkmenistan (2008), art. 57 (2), 61 (1): http://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/constitutions/country/51 (2013)
|
2013/03/06
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: “The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-constitution-2014/ ;
Final Report of the Electoral Observation Mission conducted by the British Islands and Mediterranean Region (BIMR) of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA UK) between 8th and 18th December 2016: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-cpa-uk-bimr-eom-final-report-2016/
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Tuvalu
|
a. Yes
|
If more than 50 percent of the persons who are registered as electors for Parliamentary elections in an electoral district sign a petition to the Head of State stating that a member of Parliament for that district is unable to perform properly the functions of a member because of infirmity of body or mind and if the Head of State, acting in his own deliberate judgment is satisfied that this condition is met and that it is desirable in the interests of the good government of Tuvalu that the question of removing the member should be investigated, the Head of State, acting in accordance with the advice of a professional medical body outside Tuvalu approved by an Act of Parliament for the purpose, shall appoint two or more medical practitioners who are legally qualified to practice medicine either in Tuvalu or elsewhere to investigate the question of the capacity of the member.
The persons appointed under subsection (2) (above) shall investigate the question and make a joint professional report to the Head of State personally. If after considering the report the Head of State, acting in his own deliberate judgment, is satisfied that it is desirable in the interests of the good government of Tuvalu to do so, he shall, acting in his own deliberate judgment, by written notice to the Speaker and the member declare the seat of the member concerned vacant.
Source:
Constitution, art. 99.
|
2012/06/20
|
|
Uganda
|
a. Yes
|
Before the end of term of Parliament the voters may through a petition in
writing to the Speaker recall their representative on any of the following grounds: a) physical or mental incapacity;
b) misconduct or misbehavior likely to bring hatred or disgrace to the office; c) continuous deserting of the electorate without reasonable cause.
The recall of a member of Parliament shall be by a petition signed by at least two-thirds of the registered voters of the constituency. The right to recall a member can only be exercised if the movement political system is in place.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 84: http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf (2025)
|
2016/02/08
|
|
Ukraine
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution,
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80
|
2019/03/12
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Arab_Emirates_2009?lang=en
|
2019/09/25
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
b. No
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008)
http://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook.pdf
|
2025/06/30
|
|
United States of America
|
b. No
|
The U.S. Constitution and subsequent national-level legislation do not allow for national recalls.
Source:
U.S. Constitution:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/US/united-states-of-america-constitution-1992/view
|
2024/10/15
|
|
Uruguay
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, art. 79 (2), 304, 305, 331, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
b. No
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan: https://constitution.uz/en/clause/index#section23
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=240&database_theme=309
|
2024/08/26
|
|
Vanuatu
|
b. No
|
No.
Source:
Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
|
2016/01/27
|
|
Venezuela
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela”, arts. 197, 198: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-constitucion-reforma-2009/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
Viet Nam
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of 1992 as amended:
http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=10450 (2016)
|
2021/03/24
|
|
Virgin Islands, British
|
c. No information available
|
|
2019/03/05
|
|
Virgin Islands, U.S.
|
c. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Western Sahara
|
c. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Yemen
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 101 (a), 158: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/category,LEGAL,,,YEM,3fc4c1e94,0.html (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
Zambia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Referendum Act (Chapter 14).
http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Referendum%20Act.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Zanzibar
|
b. No
|
Source:
Referendum Act No. 6 of 2010;
http://www.zec.go.tz/en/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Referendum-Act-No6-2010.pdf (2016)
The Constitution of Zanzibar
http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tz/tz028en.pdf (2016)
|
2016/04/05
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
c. No information available
|
|
2023/09/25
|
