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Direct Democracy

What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for mandatory referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.


Answers # Countries % Countries Country List
total countries/territories: 107
a. Constitutional 50 46.7% Antigua and Barbuda, American Samoa, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Switzerland, Côte d'Ivoire, Algeria, Ecuador, Estonia, Western Sahara, Spain, Micronesia, Federated States of, Georgia, Ghana, Gambia, Croatia, Iraq, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Morocco, Madagascar, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Poland, Paraguay, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Sweden, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Venezuela, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia,
b. Specific laws/legislation 36 33.6% Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Switzerland, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Algeria, Estonia, Egypt, Western Sahara, Eritrea, Spain, Micronesia, Federated States of, Croatia, Ireland, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Latvia, Morocco, Montenegro, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Philippines, Paraguay, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Somalia, Ukraine, Uruguay, Yemen, Zambia,
c. Regulations 4 3.7% Estonia, Liberia, Malawi, Uruguay,
d. Other 3 2.8% Colombia, Sri Lanka,
e. Not applicable 41 38.3% Anguilla, Albania, Argentina, Belgium, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Germany, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, Guam, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Cambodia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Kazakhstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova, Republic of, Malaysia, Namibia, Norway, New Zealand, Palestine, Portugal, Qatar, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zimbabwe,


Note:This is an XLS file and is safe to run on new versions of Excel.