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Direct Democracy

What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for optional referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.


Answers # Countries % Countries Country List
total countries/territories: 106
a. Constitutional 40 37.7% Albania, Azerbaijan, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Bahrain, Benin, Belarus, Switzerland, Côte d'Ivoire, Chile, Algeria, Estonia, Western Sahara, Spain, France, Georgia, Croatia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Morocco, Moldova, Republic of, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Qatar, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Sweden, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uganda, Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa,
b. Specific laws/legislation 44 41.5% Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Algeria, Estonia, Egypt, Western Sahara, Spain, Finland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Guam, Croatia, Ireland, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Montenegro, Madagascar, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Namibia, Norway, New Zealand, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Slovakia, Ukraine, Venezuela, Yemen,
c. Regulations 6 5.6% Canada, Estonia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Guam, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Peru,
d. Other 3 2.8% Colombia, Sri Lanka,
e. Not applicable 41 38.6% Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Argentina, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bahamas, Botswana, Cook Islands, Germany, Eritrea, Ghana, Gambia, Israel, Jordan, Japan, Kenya, Cambodia, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Liberia, Lesotho, Mali, Malawi, Malaysia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Poland, Palestine, Palau, Solomon Islands, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Zambia, Zimbabwe,


Note:This is an XLS file and is safe to run on new versions of Excel.