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Direct Democracy
Are optional referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answers # Countries
% Countries
Country List
total countries/territories: 124
a . Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
37 29.8 %
Australia ,
Bosnia and Herzegovina ,
Bulgaria ,
Bahrain ,
Bolivia ,
Switzerland ,
Chile ,
Colombia ,
Algeria ,
Egypt ,
Western Sahara ,
France ,
Guam ,
Italy ,
Korea, Republic of ,
Morocco ,
Moldova, Republic of ,
Madagascar ,
Malta ,
Norway ,
Panama ,
Peru ,
Poland ,
Portugal ,
Romania ,
Russian Federation ,
Sudan ,
Sweden ,
Slovakia ,
Tunisia ,
Taiwan ,
Uganda ,
Uzbekistan ,
Venezuela ,
Viet Nam ,
Yemen ,
b . Yes, in some regions/states/provinces
10 8.0 %
Austria ,
Canada ,
Germany ,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ,
Georgia ,
Croatia ,
Saint Kitts and Nevis ,
Mexico ,
Netherlands ,
United States of America ,
c . No
50 40.3 %
Afghanistan ,
Anguilla ,
Albania ,
American Samoa ,
Azerbaijan ,
Bangladesh ,
Belgium ,
Benin ,
Bahamas ,
Botswana ,
Belize ,
Côte d'Ivoire ,
Cyprus ,
Czech Republic ,
Denmark ,
Dominican Republic ,
Estonia ,
Spain ,
Finland ,
Ghana ,
Gambia ,
Greece ,
Hungary ,
Ireland ,
Iran, Islamic Republic of ,
Jamaica ,
Japan ,
Kenya ,
Cambodia ,
Kazakhstan ,
Sri Lanka ,
Lesotho ,
Lithuania ,
Latvia ,
Mauritius ,
Malawi ,
Mozambique ,
Namibia ,
Niger ,
Solomon Islands ,
Singapore ,
Sierra Leone ,
El Salvador ,
Swaziland ,
Togo ,
Turkey ,
Trinidad and Tobago ,
South Africa ,
Zambia ,
Zimbabwe ,
d . Not applicable
27 21.7 %
Andorra ,
Armenia ,
Argentina ,
Burkina Faso ,
Belarus ,
Costa Rica ,
Cape Verde ,
Ecuador ,
Eritrea ,
Ethiopia ,
Israel ,
Jordan ,
Kiribati ,
Lebanon ,
Liechtenstein ,
Liberia ,
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of ,
Mali ,
Malaysia ,
Puerto Rico ,
Palestine ,
Senegal ,
Somalia ,
Thailand ,
Tonga ,
Uruguay ,
Vanuatu ,
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