|
total countries/territories: 112
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Albania
|
c. No
|
|
2006/11/02
|
|
Algeria
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Articles 165, and 168 to 171, Electoral Law
|
2005/04/29
|
|
American Samoa
|
c. No
|
Source:
Filivaa M. Mageo, Deputy Director of Elections, Territorial Election Office
|
2007/01/08
|
|
Andorra
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2006/10/26
|
|
Anguilla
|
c. No
|
|
2006/10/30
|
|
Argentina
|
b. Yes, in some regions/states/provinces
|
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Armenia
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Austria
|
c. No
|
|
2005/04/26
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
c. No
|
|
2006/10/30
|
|
Bahamas
|
c. No
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas (CCB)
|
2006/11/15
|
|
Bahrain
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Article 43 of Constitution
|
2005/05/01
|
|
Belarus
|
d. Not applicable
|
Belarus is a unitary state
Source:
Art 1 Constitution
|
2005/03/25
|
|
Belgium
|
c. No
|
|
2012/05/04
|
|
Belize
|
c. No
|
Source:
1981 Constitution, updated through 1988 reforms.
|
2005/10/14
|
|
Benin
|
c. No
|
Source:
Law n°97-029 (15th of January 1999), concerning the organisation of municipalities in the Republic of Benin, Articles 53 and 54.
|
2005/06/30
|
|
Bolivia
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Dr Salvador Romero Ballivian, Presidente, Corte Nacional Electoral
|
2007/01/12
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
c. No
|
|
2006/11/04
|
|
Botswana
|
c. No
|
c) Botswana is a unitary state.
|
2006/10/17
|
|
Bulgaria
|
c. No
|
|
2006/11/03
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2005/04/12
|
|
Cambodia
|
c. No
|
|
2006/11/06
|
|
Canada
|
b. Yes, in some regions/states/provinces
|
b) Only British Columbia has legal provisions for recalls and citizens’ initiatives. Referenda at the provincial and territorial level are conducted under respective provincial and territorial legislation. For further information, please see The Compendium of Election Administration in Canada at www.elections.ca.
|
2006/12/10
|
|
Cape Verde
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2006/11/27
|
|
Chile
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2005/04/05
|
|
Colombia
|
b. Yes, in some regions/states/provinces
|
|
2005/06/23
|
|
Croatia
|
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
|
Source:
Mr. Damir Azenic, GONG
|
2005/11/14
|
|
Cyprus
|
c. No
|
|
2006/11/28
|
|
Czech Republic
|
c. No
|
|
2006/11/27
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
b. Yes, in some regions/states/provinces
|
Source:
ARTICLE 161 de la loi n 2000-514 du 1er aout 1960 portant code electoral cote d'ivoire
|
2005/04/06
|
|
Denmark
|
c. No
|
|
2006/11/28
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
c. No
|
Source:
2002 Constitution.
|
2009/07/05
|
|
Ecuador
|
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
|
Source:
Constitución Política: Arts., 109 al 113
|
2005/04/25
|
|
Egypt
|
c. No
|
Source:
Article 62, Constitution
Article 1, Political Rights Law
|
2005/05/17
|
|
Eritrea
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Eritrean referendum proclamation no. 22/1992
|
2005/04/06
|
|
Estonia
|
c. No
|
|
2006/11/29
|
|
Finland
|
c. No
|
Finland has referendums only at national level or at local level.
Source:
The Constitution (731/1999)
Local Government act (365/1995)
|
2005/04/13
|
|
France
|
c. No
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 72-1;
General Code of Local Authorities, Art. LO1112-1 to LO1112-7
|
2012/05/03
|
|
Gambia
|
c. No
|
|
2006/11/09
|
|
Georgia
|
c. No
|
|
2006/11/29
|
|
Ghana
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
1992 Constitution
|
2005/12/15
|
|
Greece
|
c. No
|
|
2012/04/13
|
|
Guam
|
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
|
Source:
Gerald A. Taitano, Executive Director, Guam Election Commission
|
2007/01/10
|
|
Hungary
|
c. No
|
|
2006/12/01
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2016/01/23
|
|
Ireland
|
c. No
|
|
2012/05/10
|
|
Israel
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2015/03/15
|
|
Italy
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2012/04/17
|
|
Jamaica
|
c. No
|
Source:
1962 Constitution with reforms through 1999.
|
2005/10/14
|
|
Japan
|
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
|
Source:
Local Authority law, article 74 (1-4)
Local Authority law, article 13 (1-3)
Local Authority law, article 244-4 (1-6)
|
2007/01/07
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2020/05/04
|
|
Latvia
|
c. No
|
|
2005/03/21
|
|
Lebanon
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Articles 76 to 79, Constitution
|
2005/05/17
|
|
Lesotho
|
c. No
|
In Lesotho, a referendum can only take place at a national level and not provincial or district levels. This is partly because Lesotho is not a federal state with relatively autonomous regions/provinces/states.
Source:
The 1993 Constitution
|
2015/03/15
|
|
Liberia
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2005/09/30
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
d. Not applicable
|
In Liechtenstein, regional, state or provincial levels do not exist.
|
2005/05/03
|
|
Lithuania
|
c. No
|
|
2005/03/21
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
d. Not applicable
|
Government levels in Macedonia consist of national level and municipalities only.
|
2020/04/23
|
|
Madagascar
|
d. Not applicable
|
Not provided for in law
|
2005/08/25
|
|
Malawi
|
c. No
|
|
2006/10/16
|
|
Malaysia
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2007/01/07
|
|
Mali
|
c. No
|
|
2005/06/03
|
|
Malta
|
c. No
|
|
2006/11/22
|
|
Mexico
|
c. No
|
Source:
Constitutions and electoral legislations of the 31 states and the Federal District.
|
2005/10/13
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Kare Vollan, Director, Quality AS
|
2021/03/30
|
|
Montenegro
|
c. No
|
|
2021/12/25
|
|
Morocco
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Article 109, Electoral Law
|
2005/05/02
|
|
Mozambique
|
c. No
|
|
2006/10/16
|
|
Namibia
|
c. No
|
Namibia is a unitary state.
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Namibia
|
2006/10/17
|
|
Netherlands
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2005/08/19
|
|
Niger
|
c. No
|
Source:
Pas de precision pour le moment
|
2005/06/06
|
|
Norway
|
c. No
|
Source:
Kare Vollan, Director, Quality AS
|
2007/01/07
|
|
Palestine
|
d. Not applicable
|
No provisions for DD in current laws.
|
2007/06/11
|
|
Peru
|
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
|
|
2005/08/24
|
|
Philippines
|
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
|
Source:
Art. X, Sec. 3, Constitution
|
2005/07/08
|
|
Poland
|
d. Not applicable
|
Not exists.
Source:
Act on all-national referendum of 14 March 2003
Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland No 57 of 2 April 2003
|
2006/12/25
|
|
Portugal
|
c. No
|
|
2012/04/20
|
|
Romania
|
c. No
|
Source:
Law on referendums, 2000, article 2 and 13-14.
|
2005/03/20
|
|
Russian Federation
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2005/03/31
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
d. Not applicable
|
Not applicable.
|
2020/04/20
|
|
Senegal
|
c. No
|
|
2005/02/26
|
|
Seychelles
|
d. Not applicable
|
There are no recalls in the country
|
2005/03/23
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
c. No
|
NOT PART OF SIERRA LEONE LAWS
|
2005/06/13
|
|
Singapore
|
c. No
|
|
2007/01/07
|
|
Slovakia
|
c. No
|
|
2006/12/10
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
c. No
|
Source:
David Clark, Electoral Capacity Development Coordinator, Solomon Islands Election Commission
|
2007/01/09
|
|
Somalia
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
www.somalilandforum.com
|
2005/04/13
|
|
South Africa
|
c. No
|
|
2006/10/17
|
|
Spain
|
c. No
|
|
2012/04/18
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2016/02/15
|
|
Sudan
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Article 66 and 128, Constitution and Electoral Law
|
2005/05/02
|
|
Swaziland
|
c. No
|
|
2006/10/16
|
|
Sweden
|
c. No
|
|
2012/05/16
|
|
Switzerland
|
b. Yes, in some regions/states/provinces
|
Switzerland consists of 26 cantons which havr different direct democracy instruments.
Source:
Legal sources: cf. Constitutions, Laws and Regulations of the 26 cantons. Links to the cantons: http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/schweiz/kantone/index.html.
Kaufmann, Bruno, et. al. (Ed.): Guidebook to Direct Democracy in Switzerland and Beyond, Amsterdam 2005 (cf. www.iri-europe.org), p. 132-135
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Taiwan
|
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
|
|
2020/03/31
|
|
Togo
|
c. No
|
Source:
Mr Theodule Nouatchi enseignant de droit a l'universite au benin
|
2005/04/28
|
|
Tonga
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2021/09/15
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
c. No
|
Source:
1976 Constitution with reforms through 2000.
|
2015/05/22
|
|
Tunisia
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Articles 2, 47 and 72 of Constitution
|
2005/05/03
|
|
Turkey
|
d. Not applicable
|
No recall is possible
Source:
Constitution
|
2015/06/01
|
|
Uganda
|
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
|
Source:
Chapter 6 section 84 of the constitution
Groups refered to in section 78 of the constitution
|
2005/04/01
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
c. No
|
|
2012/05/09
|
|
United States of America
|
b. Yes, in some regions/states/provinces
|
18 states allow recall of state officials, but only two Governors have ever been successfully recalled (1921 in North Dakota and 2003 in California).
Source:
https://www.ncsl.org/elections-and-campaigns/recall-of-state-officials
|
2024/10/15
|
|
Uruguay
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2006/04/11
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
|
|
2009/08/18
|
|
Vanuatu
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
|
2016/01/27
|
|
Venezuela
|
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
|
|
2006/04/07
|
|
Viet Nam
|
d. Not applicable
|
|
2021/03/25
|
|
Western Sahara
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Articles 119, 158, and 159, Constitution
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Yemen
|
d. Not applicable
|
Source:
Articles 119, 158, and 159, Constitution
|
2005/05/03
|
|
Zambia
|
c. No
|
|
2006/10/16
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
c. No
|
Source:
Maureen Nthabiseng Moloi, EISA
|
2007/01/07
|
