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Direct Democracy
Are optional referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answers # Countries
% Countries
Country List
total countries/territories: 114
a . Yes, in all municipalities/districts/communes
43 37.7 %
Albania ,
Bosnia and Herzegovina ,
Belgium ,
Bulgaria ,
Bahrain ,
Benin ,
Belarus ,
Chile ,
Cape Verde ,
Cyprus ,
Czech Republic ,
Algeria ,
Estonia ,
Egypt ,
Western Sahara ,
Spain ,
Finland ,
France ,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ,
Guam ,
Croatia ,
Hungary ,
Korea, Republic of ,
Liechtenstein ,
Morocco ,
Montenegro ,
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of ,
Malta ,
Norway ,
Poland ,
Portugal ,
Romania ,
Russian Federation ,
Sudan ,
Sweden ,
Slovakia ,
Turkmenistan ,
Tunisia ,
Taiwan ,
Uganda ,
Uzbekistan ,
Venezuela ,
Yemen ,
b . Yes, in some municipalities/districts/communes
7 6.1 %
Austria ,
Canada ,
Switzerland ,
Germany ,
Denmark ,
Netherlands ,
United States of America ,
c . No
41 35.9 %
Andorra ,
Anguilla ,
American Samoa ,
Azerbaijan ,
Bahamas ,
Botswana ,
Belize ,
Dominican Republic ,
Georgia ,
Gambia ,
Greece ,
Ireland ,
Iran, Islamic Republic of ,
Italy ,
Jamaica ,
Japan ,
Cambodia ,
Kazakhstan ,
Sri Lanka ,
Liberia ,
Lesotho ,
Lithuania ,
Latvia ,
Madagascar ,
Malawi ,
Mexico ,
Mozambique ,
Namibia ,
Niger ,
Solomon Islands ,
Seychelles ,
Singapore ,
Sierra Leone ,
Senegal ,
Swaziland ,
Togo ,
Turkey ,
Trinidad and Tobago ,
South Africa ,
Zambia ,
Zimbabwe ,
d . Not applicable
23 20.1 %
Armenia ,
Argentina ,
Burkina Faso ,
Côte d'Ivoire ,
Colombia ,
Ecuador ,
Eritrea ,
Ghana ,
Israel ,
Kiribati ,
Saint Kitts and Nevis ,
Lebanon ,
Moldova, Republic of ,
Mali ,
Mauritius ,
Malaysia ,
Palestine ,
Somalia ,
Tonga ,
Uruguay ,
Viet Nam ,
Vanuatu ,
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