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Direct Democracy

Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level?


Answers # Countries % Countries Country List
total countries/territories: 104
a. Constitutional amendments 6 5.7% Bulgaria, Ecuador, Gambia, Portugal, Ukraine, Uruguay,
b. Adoption of international treaties 22 21.1% Canada, Chile, Denmark, Estonia, Micronesia, Federated States of, Ghana, Gambia, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Peru, Philippines, Paraguay, Sierra Leone, Turkey, Taiwan, Uruguay, South Africa, Zambia,
c. Transfer of authority to international bodies 18 17.3% American Samoa, Canada, Chile, Micronesia, Federated States of, Ghana, Gambia, Croatia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mozambique, Panama, Philippines, Romania, Sierra Leone, Turkey, Taiwan, Uruguay, Zambia,
d. National sovereignty, national self-determination 16 15.3% Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Cape Verde, Micronesia, Federated States of, Ghana, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mozambique, Panama, Portugal, Romania, Togo, Turkey, Uruguay, Zambia,
e. Conflict between constitutional organs 17 16.3% Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Cape Verde, Micronesia, Federated States of, Ghana, Gambia, Croatia, Japan, Mali, Mozambique, Panama, Philippines, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia,
f. Devolution 18 17.3% Canada, Chile, Cape Verde, Micronesia, Federated States of, Ghana, Gambia, Japan, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Panama, Philippines, Romania, Sierra Leone, Turkey, Taiwan, South Africa, Zambia,
g. Civil service 25 24.0% Canada, Chile, Micronesia, Federated States of, Ghana, Gambia, Croatia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lesotho, Latvia, Mali, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Panama, Philippines, Paraguay, Russian Federation, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Turkey, Uruguay, South Africa, Zambia,
h. Taxes and public expenditure commitments 43 41.3% Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Cape Verde, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Micronesia, Federated States of, Ghana, Gambia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lesotho, Latvia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Paraguay, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Senegal, Togo, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, South Africa, Zambia,
i. Other public policy issues 26 25.0% Albania, Belarus, Canada, Chile, Micronesia, Federated States of, Ghana, Gambia, Japan, Lesotho, Latvia, Malawi, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia,
j. Other (specify) 28 26.9% Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Cape Verde, Czech Republic, Estonia, Eritrea, Ghana, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Poland, Palau, Paraguay, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Ukraine, Venezuela,
k. None 30 28.8% Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Switzerland, Algeria, Finland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Ireland, Iraq, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Jordan, Korea, Republic of, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lithuania, Moldova, Republic of, Mauritania, Malta, Namibia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Seychelles, Sweden, Swaziland, Uganda, Viet Nam,
l. Not applicable 18 17.3% Afghanistan, Anguilla, Argentina, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bahamas, Cyprus, France, Israel, Kenya, Cambodia, Kiribati, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Madagascar, Malaysia, Solomon Islands, El Salvador, Tonga,


Note:This is an XLS file and is safe to run on new versions of Excel.