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Direct Democracy

Who can initiate a referendum at the national level?


Answers # Countries % Countries Country List
total countries/territories: 112
a. Government 28 25.0% Andorra, Albania, American Samoa, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Canada, Congo (Brazzaville), Cape Verde, Eritrea, Finland, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Kiribati, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Lesotho, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Paraguay, Slovakia, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Vanuatu,
b. EMB 3 2.6% Eritrea, Madagascar, Taiwan,
c. President 60 53.5% Angola, Azerbaijan, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Benin, Belarus, Congo (Brazzaville), Côte d'Ivoire, Chile, Cameroon, Djibouti, Algeria, Ecuador, Estonia, Egypt, Western Sahara, Eritrea, Micronesia, Federated States of, France, Georgia, Croatia, Hungary, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lesotho, Latvia, Madagascar, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Mauritania, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Paraguay, Romania, Rwanda, Seychelles, Singapore, Senegal, Somalia, Togo, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uganda, Venezuela, Vanuatu, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia,
d. Legislative majority 49 43.7% Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Albania, American Samoa, Austria, Azerbaijan, Burkina Faso, Bahamas, Botswana, Belarus, Congo (Brazzaville), Cape Verde, Egypt, Western Sahara, Eritrea, Finland, Micronesia, Federated States of, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Ghana, Gambia, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kiribati, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Lithuania, Latvia, Madagascar, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Paraguay, Romania, Sweden, Singapore, Slovenia, Slovakia, Ukraine, Uganda, Venezuela, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zimbabwe,
e. Registered electors 30 26.7% Albania, American Samoa, Burkina Faso, Belarus, Switzerland, Colombia, Cape Verde, Ecuador, Eritrea, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Lithuania, Latvia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, New Zealand, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Paraguay, Slovenia, Slovakia, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vanuatu,
f. Other (specify) 25 22.3% Andorra, Bulgaria, Bahrain, Benin, Switzerland, Colombia, Djibouti, Denmark, Estonia, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Italy, Liechtenstein, Morocco, Moldova, Republic of, Montenegro, Niger, Netherlands, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Sierra Leone, Togo, Ukraine, Uganda, Viet Nam,
g. Not applicable 12 10.7% Anguilla, Argentina, Belgium, Cyprus, Guam, Israel, Cambodia, Comoros, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Malaysia, Solomon Islands, Tonga,


Note:This is an XLS file and is safe to run on new versions of Excel.