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Direct Democracy
Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for mandatory referendums?
Answers # Countries
% Countries
Country List
total countries/territories: 87
a . Government
4 4.5 %
Switzerland ,
Denmark ,
Egypt ,
Senegal ,
b . Independent electoral commission
27 31.0 %
Austria ,
Ecuador ,
Eritrea ,
Micronesia, Federated States of ,
Ghana ,
Gambia ,
Croatia ,
Iraq ,
Kiribati ,
Sri Lanka ,
Liberia ,
Lesotho ,
Lithuania ,
Latvia ,
Madagascar ,
Mali ,
Mozambique ,
Niger ,
Peru ,
Philippines ,
Russian Federation ,
Rwanda ,
Seychelles ,
Sierra Leone ,
Uganda ,
Uruguay ,
Venezuela ,
c . President
10 11.4 %
Botswana ,
Algeria ,
Western Sahara ,
Poland ,
Palestine ,
Romania ,
Sudan ,
Tunisia ,
Turkey ,
Yemen ,
d . Legislature
9 10.3 %
Benin ,
Côte d'Ivoire ,
Estonia ,
Kiribati ,
Liberia ,
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of ,
Poland ,
Romania ,
Sweden ,
e . Other (specify who)
8 9.1 %
Bahrain ,
Switzerland ,
Morocco ,
Malawi ,
Somalia ,
Swaziland ,
Togo ,
Zambia ,
f . Not applicable
35 40.2 %
Albania ,
Argentina ,
Belgium ,
Burkina Faso ,
Bulgaria ,
Belarus ,
Canada ,
Colombia ,
Cape Verde ,
Cyprus ,
Finland ,
France ,
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ,
Greece ,
Guam ,
Israel ,
Italy ,
Cambodia ,
Saint Kitts and Nevis ,
Kazakhstan ,
Lebanon ,
Liechtenstein ,
Moldova, Republic of ,
Malaysia ,
Namibia ,
Netherlands ,
Norway ,
Palestine ,
Portugal ,
Solomon Islands ,
Tonga ,
Ukraine ,
Viet Nam ,
South Africa ,
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