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Direct Democracy
Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for optional referendums?
Answers # Countries
% Countries
Country List
total countries/territories: 80
a . Government
7 8.7 %
Albania ,
Switzerland ,
Denmark ,
Egypt ,
Greece ,
Liechtenstein ,
Senegal ,
b . Independent electoral commission
15 18.7 %
Austria ,
Burkina Faso ,
Gambia ,
Guam ,
Croatia ,
Liberia ,
Latvia ,
Madagascar ,
Mali ,
Niger ,
Russian Federation ,
Rwanda ,
Seychelles ,
Uganda ,
South Africa ,
c . President
11 13.7 %
Belarus ,
Chile ,
Algeria ,
Western Sahara ,
Kazakhstan ,
Poland ,
Romania ,
Sudan ,
Tunisia ,
Turkey ,
Yemen ,
d . Legislature
12 15.0 %
Albania ,
Bulgaria ,
Benin ,
Canada ,
Côte d'Ivoire ,
Estonia ,
Finland ,
Liberia ,
Lithuania ,
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of ,
Poland ,
Sweden ,
e . Other (specify who)
11 13.7 %
Albania ,
Bahrain ,
Switzerland ,
Colombia ,
Italy ,
Morocco ,
Netherlands ,
Norway ,
Portugal ,
Togo ,
f . Not applicable
29 36.2 %
Argentina ,
Belgium ,
Botswana ,
Cook Islands ,
Cyprus ,
Ecuador ,
Eritrea ,
Ghana ,
Israel ,
Cambodia ,
Kiribati ,
Comoros ,
Saint Kitts and Nevis ,
Lebanon ,
Lesotho ,
Moldova, Republic of ,
Malawi ,
Malaysia ,
Mozambique ,
Palestine ,
Solomon Islands ,
Singapore ,
Sierra Leone ,
Somalia ,
Tonga ,
Ukraine ,
Uruguay ,
Viet Nam ,
Zambia ,
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