|
total countries/territories: 77
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Algeria
|
i. Not applicable
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA handbook (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/17
|
|
Andorra
|
f. 1981-2000
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/17
|
|
Angola
|
i. Not applicable
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/17
|
|
Anguilla
|
i. Not applicable
|
|
2009/08/20
|
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
f. 1981-2000
|
July 1981
Source:
Constitution
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20-%20Constitution/view
|
2014/06/06
|
|
Argentina
|
f. 1981-2000
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Aruba
|
h. No information available
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/20
|
|
Australia
|
a. <1901
|
1898
Source:
Jau-Yuan Hwang, ed., Direct Democracy in Asia: A Reference Guide to the Legislations and
Practices (Taipei: Taiwan Foundation for Democracy, 2006).
http://www.aph.gov.au/library/handbook/referendums/index.htm
Constitution
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/20
|
|
Bahamas
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1973
Source:
1973 (CCB) and 1977 (CRA)
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Bahrain
|
g. >2000
|
Introduced 2002 in Constitution.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008)" (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Bangladesh
|
f. 1981-2000
|
The referendum law was adopted in 1991 (Larry LeDuc, 2007)
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Barbados
|
i. Not applicable
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Belarus
|
f. 1981-2000
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
Kaufmann Chapter IV draft
|
2009/08/20
|
|
Belgium
|
d. 1941-1960
|
1950, No constitutional provisions concerning institutions of direct democracy, but an ad hoc law of the 11.2.1950. In spite of the successful referendum, following social unrest Leopold III preferred to cede his throne to his son Baudouin I. Constitutional basis challenged. At the 1950 referendum, voting was mandatory. The result from this referendum was only consultative. Only parliament can initiate referendums. Also on local and province level, referendums can be initiated by citizens (percentage of the population, varies according to the size of the province/municipality). Referendum excluded when relating to staffing and financial matters or geographical boundaries. Quorum of participation: provincial level: 10% of inhabitants; municipal level: 10-12%. Regional and local referendums: consultative, but the municipal/province council must give reasons for decisions it takes in relation to matters that have been the subject of popular consultation.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm);
Constitution: http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/loi_a1.pl?DETAIL=1994021730%2FF&caller=list&row_id=1&numero=1&rech=1&cn=1994021730&table_name=LOI&nm=1994021048&la=F&dt=CONSTITUTION+1994&language=fr&fr=f&choix1=ET&choix2=ET&fromtab=loi_all&trier=promulgation&chercher=t&sql=dt+contains++%27CONSTITUTION%27%26+%271994%27and+actif+%3D+%27Y%27&tri=dd+AS+RANK+&imgcn.x=52&imgcn.y=7#LNK0005
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Belize
|
i. Not applicable
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" ,(2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Benin
|
d. 1941-1960
|
1960, date of independence.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" ,(2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
h. No information available
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
Botswana
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1966
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
Brazil
|
f. 1981-2000
|
The first direct democracy mechanisms were introduced into Brazil's legal framework with the Constitution of 1988.
Plebiscite and referendum are consultations to the people to decide on matters of relevance to the nation in constitutional, legislative, or administrative issues. Both are provided for in Article 14 of the Federal Constitution and regulated by Law No. 9,709, of November 18, 1998.(Source: Plebiscite and Referendum)
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, Article 14, 18(3, 4), 29 (XIII):
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Law No. 9,709, of November 18, 1998:
https://www.planalto.gov.br/Ccivil_03/leis/L9709.htm
Plebiscite and Referendum:
https://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/plebiscitos-e-referendos
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
i. Not applicable
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
Bulgaria
|
f. 1981-2000
|
First introduced in legal framework in 1991. Administrative framework first introduced in 1996.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
f. 1981-2000
|
Agenda initiative since 1991.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
h. No information available
|
The 1974 constitution provided for referendums. This constitution was suspended by the military government in 1988.Voting in referendum was quasi-anonymous as "yes"-votes where cast in white urn and "no"-votes in black urn. This constitution was banned in 1988 by the military regime and they have since then ruled via decree. Old constitution is banned and a new constitution is not yet in place.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/25
|
|
Burundi
|
f. 1981-2000
|
1982
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
Mr Terence MBONABUCA, Directeur General de l'Administration du territoire du Burundi
|
2009/08/25
|
|
Cambodia
|
i. Not applicable
|
No article in the Cambodian constitution, law or other regulation regulates referendums or initiatives.There seems as there are no provisions available in legislation, at least not in the constitution. If there are no provisions in the legislation, referendums that have been held so far has had no legal base.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/25
|
|
Cameroon
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1972
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/31
|
|
Canada
|
f. 1981-2000
|
1992, adoption of referendum act.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm).
|
2009/08/31
|
|
Cape Verde
|
f. 1981-2000
|
1999
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm).
|
2009/08/31
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/31
|
|
China
|
i. Not applicable
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/19
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
h. No information available
|
|
2016/11/30
|
|
Costa Rica
|
f. 1981-2000
|
|
2012/06/22
|
|
Cyprus
|
h. No information available
|
|
2012/04/26
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
h. No information available
|
|
2010/06/18
|
|
Egypt
|
d. 1941-1960
|
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Georgia
|
f. 1981-2000
|
Source:
Constitution of Georgia:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_2018?lang=en
|
2024/07/24
|
|
Guatemala
|
g. >2000
|
|
2012/12/13
|
|
Haiti
|
i. Not applicable
|
|
2015/02/02
|
|
Honduras
|
f. 1981-2000
|
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1979 Constitution
|
2016/01/23
|
|
Italy
|
d. 1941-1960
|
The first Direct Democracy mechanisms where introduced with the 1948 Constitution.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 71, 75 and 138
|
2012/04/17
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
f. 1981-2000
|
1991
|
2020/05/04
|
|
Kiribati
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1979
|
2020/05/03
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
f. 1981-2000
|
By adoption of the constitution in 1991.
|
2020/04/23
|
|
Mexico
|
f. 1981-2000
|
|
2014/11/21
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
h. No information available
|
|
2021/03/30
|
|
Montenegro
|
g. >2000
|
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro, SU-SK Ref. no. 01-514/12, 19 October 2007
|
2021/12/25
|
|
New Zealand
|
d. 1941-1960
|
Source:
Elections New Zealand Official Website: http://www.elections.org.nz/elections/referendum/referendums.html (2010)
|
2010/08/05
|
|
Nicaragua
|
g. >2000
|
|
2010/08/12
|
|
Rwanda
|
h. No information available
|
|
2018/11/02
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
f. 1981-2000
|
23 June 1983
Source:
Constitution
|
2020/04/26
|
|
Slovakia
|
f. 1981-2000
|
|
2009/10/26
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1971
Source:
First constitution
|
2016/02/15
|
|
Sweden
|
c. 1921-1940
|
In 1922
Source:
Fact sheet on referenda provided by the Information Department of the Riksdag: www.riksdagen.se/.../Faktablad_E14.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/16
|
|
Taiwan
|
h. No information available
|
|
2020/03/31
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
i. Not applicable
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/16
|
|
Thailand
|
f. 1981-2000
|
|
2009/10/02
|
|
Tonga
|
h. No information available
|
|
2021/09/15
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
h. No information available
|
|
2015/05/22
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
f. 1981-2000
|
|
2009/09/25
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/09/25
|
|
Tuvalu
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/09/24
|
|
Ukraine
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/24
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
i. Not applicable
|
Direct Democracy mechanisms are not introduced to the legal framework
Source:
Provisional constitution of the United Arab Emirates (1971)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
United States of America
|
i. Not applicable
|
Provisions for Direct Democracy exists only on State level, regulated separately by each State.
Source:
https://ballotpedia.org/Forms_of_direct_democracy_in_the_American_states
|
2024/10/15
|
|
Uruguay
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/19
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/18
|
|
Vanuatu
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1980
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2016/01/27
|
|
Venezuela
|
e. 1961-1980
|
Agenda Initiative introduced 1961
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/18
|
|
Viet Nam
|
h. No information available
|
|
2021/03/25
|
|
Virgin Islands, British
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Virgin Islands, U.S.
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Western Sahara
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Yemen
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Zambia
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1967
|
2009/08/12
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
i. Not applicable
|
|
2018/10/31
|
