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Direct Democracy
What year was the first referendum/initiative held?
Answers # Countries
% Countries
Country List
total countries/territories: 74
a . <1901
2 2.7 %
Australia ,
Canada ,
b . 1901-1920
1 1.3 %
Uruguay ,
c . 1921-1940
3 4.0 %
Bulgaria ,
Panama ,
Sweden ,
d . 1941-1960
5 6.7 %
Belgium ,
Burkina Faso ,
Italy ,
Cambodia ,
Venezuela ,
e . 1961-1980
14 18.9 %
Andorra ,
Anguilla ,
Aruba ,
Bangladesh ,
Benin ,
Brazil ,
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the ,
Cameroon ,
Cuba ,
Algeria ,
Kiribati ,
Burma (Myanmar) ,
Rwanda ,
Zambia ,
f . 1981-2000
13 17.5 %
Argentina ,
Burundi ,
Botswana ,
Belarus ,
Eritrea ,
Georgia ,
Saint Kitts and Nevis ,
Kazakhstan ,
Slovakia ,
Turkmenistan ,
Ukraine ,
Uzbekistan ,
Yemen ,
g . >2000
5 6.7 %
Bahrain ,
Bahamas ,
Costa Rica ,
Montenegro ,
Taiwan ,
h . No information available
17 22.9 %
Bosnia and Herzegovina ,
Cyprus ,
Egypt ,
Western Sahara ,
Honduras ,
Cayman Islands ,
Moldova, Republic of ,
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of ,
Mexico ,
Turks and Caicos Islands ,
Tonga ,
Tuvalu ,
Virgin Islands, British ,
Virgin Islands, U.S. ,
Viet Nam ,
Vanuatu ,
i . Not applicable
14 18.9 %
United Arab Emirates ,
Antigua and Barbuda ,
Angola ,
Barbados ,
Brunei Darussalam ,
Belize ,
China ,
Cape Verde ,
Dominican Republic ,
Haiti ,
Iran, Islamic Republic of ,
Trinidad and Tobago ,
United States of America ,
Zimbabwe ,
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