|
total countries/territories: 74
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Algeria
|
e. 1961-1980
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA handbook (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/17
|
|
Andorra
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1971
Source:
Constitution, Venice Commission Study No. 287/2004
Kaufmann Chapter IV draft
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/17
|
|
Angola
|
i. Not applicable
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/17
|
|
Anguilla
|
e. 1961-1980
|
Source:
C2D, Constitution, E-mail to IDEA
|
2009/08/20
|
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
i. Not applicable
|
|
2009/08/20
|
|
Argentina
|
f. 1981-2000
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Aruba
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1977
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/20
|
|
Australia
|
a. <1901
|
1898
Source:
Jau-Yuan Hwang, ed., Direct Democracy in Asia: A Reference Guide to the Legislations and
Practices (Taipei: Taiwan Foundation for Democracy, 2006).
http://www.aph.gov.au/library/handbook/referendums/index.htm
Constitution
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/20
|
|
Bahamas
|
g. >2000
|
2002
Source:
Constitutional Referendum Act (http://laws.bahamas.gov.bs/statutes/statute_CHAPTER_1.html)
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Bahrain
|
g. >2000
|
Researcher states DD was introduced into the legal framework in 2002, however, the first referendum was held in 2001. Uncertain about validity of data provided by researcher. Very uncertain about the provision for the sub national level.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008)" (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Bangladesh
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1977
Source:
Constitution
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Barbados
|
i. Not applicable
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Belarus
|
f. 1981-2000
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
Kaufmann Chapter IV draft
|
2009/08/20
|
|
Belgium
|
d. 1941-1960
|
1950
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2017/07/05
|
|
Belize
|
i. Not applicable
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" ,(2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Benin
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1964
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" ,(2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
Constitution
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
h. No information available
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
Botswana
|
f. 1981-2000
|
1987
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
Brazil
|
e. 1961-1980
|
The first referendum was held in 1963.
Source:
Plebiscites and Referendums:
http://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/plebiscitos-e-referendos/plebiscito-e-referendo
Referendum in 1963:
https://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/plebiscitos-e-referendos/referendo-1963/referendo-de-1963
|
2024/10/24
|
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
i. Not applicable
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
Bulgaria
|
c. 1921-1940
|
First referendum held in 1922 concerned charges against war criminals. Voting was mandatory. National referendums were theoretically possible before 1989 but only formally.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
d. 1941-1960
|
1959
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1971
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/25
|
|
Burundi
|
f. 1981-2000
|
1982
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
Mr Terence MBONABUCA, Directeur General de l'Administration du territoire du Burundi
|
2009/08/25
|
|
Cambodia
|
d. 1941-1960
|
1945, but may have been without legal base.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/25
|
|
Cameroon
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1961
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/31
|
|
Canada
|
a. <1901
|
1898
|
2009/08/31
|
|
Cape Verde
|
i. Not applicable
|
None so far.
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm).
|
2009/08/31
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/31
|
|
China
|
i. Not applicable
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/19
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
e. 1961-1980
|
Source:
Les Constitutions en RDC, "Le potentiel online": http://www.lepotentielonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10466:les-constitutions-en-republique-democratique-du-congo&catid=94&Itemid=435
|
2016/11/30
|
|
Costa Rica
|
g. >2000
|
|
2012/06/22
|
|
Cuba
|
e. 1961-1980
|
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución de la República de Cuba (2003)"
|
2012/06/20
|
|
Cyprus
|
h. No information available
|
|
2012/04/26
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
i. Not applicable
|
|
2010/06/18
|
|
Egypt
|
h. No information available
|
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Eritrea
|
f. 1981-2000
|
1993
|
2011/06/22
|
|
Georgia
|
f. 1981-2000
|
Georgia is an independent, unified and indivisible state as confirmed by the Referendum of 31 March 1991 held in the entire territory of the country.
Source:
Constitution of Georgia, art. 1:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_2018?lang=en
|
2024/07/25
|
|
Haiti
|
i. Not applicable
|
|
2015/02/02
|
|
Honduras
|
h. No information available
|
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
i. Not applicable
|
Never
Source:
https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/14620_2_R_Duality_by_Design__The_Iranian_Electoral_System_Yasmin_Alem.pdf
|
2016/01/23
|
|
Italy
|
d. 1941-1960
|
The first referendum was held on June 2, 1946. The Italian people voted to become a republic or a monarchy.
|
2012/04/17
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
f. 1981-2000
|
1995 Kazakh presidential term referendum
|
2020/05/04
|
|
Kiribati
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1974 Ellice Islands self-determination referendum
|
2020/05/03
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
h. No information available
|
|
2020/04/23
|
|
Mexico
|
h. No information available
|
|
2014/11/21
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
h. No information available
|
|
2021/03/30
|
|
Montenegro
|
g. >2000
|
The decision of the citizens of Montenegro to live in an independent and sovereign state of Montenegro, made in the referendum held on May 21, 2006.
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro, SU-SK Ref. no. 01-514/12, 19 October 2007, Preamble https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Montenegro_2013?lang=en
|
2021/12/25
|
|
Panama
|
c. 1921-1940
|
15 de diciembre de 1940, para aprobar la Constitución de 1941
Source:
Electoral Tribunal's official website: http://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/html/fileadmin/user_upload/administracion/capacitacion/Modulo_3_-_2010.pdf (2014)
|
2014/04/28
|
|
Rwanda
|
e. 1961-1980
|
Source:
http://africanelections.tripod.com/rw.html
|
2018/11/02
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
f. 1981-2000
|
1998 Nevis independence referendum
Source:
Political Database of the Americas
|
2020/04/26
|
|
Slovakia
|
f. 1981-2000
|
|
2009/10/26
|
|
Sweden
|
c. 1921-1940
|
Source:
Fact sheet on referenda provided by the Information Department of the Riksdag: www.riksdagen.se/.../Faktablad_E14.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/16
|
|
Taiwan
|
g. >2000
|
|
2020/03/31
|
|
Tonga
|
h. No information available
|
|
2021/09/15
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
i. Not applicable
|
There have not been any referenda.
Source:
IFES Election Guide
|
2015/05/22
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
f. 1981-2000
|
|
2009/09/25
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/09/25
|
|
Tuvalu
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/09/24
|
|
Ukraine
|
f. 1981-2000
|
1991
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
i. Not applicable
|
No referendum/initiative has been held.
Source:
Provisional constitution of the United Arab Emirates (1971)
|
2009/08/24
|
|
United States of America
|
i. Not applicable
|
Provisions for Direct Democracy exists only on State level, regulated separately by each State.
Source:
https://ballotpedia.org/Forms_of_direct_democracy_in_the_American_states
|
2024/10/15
|
|
Uruguay
|
b. 1901-1920
|
1917
|
2009/08/19
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
f. 1981-2000
|
|
2009/08/18
|
|
Vanuatu
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/18
|
|
Venezuela
|
d. 1941-1960
|
1957
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/18
|
|
Viet Nam
|
h. No information available
|
|
2021/03/26
|
|
Virgin Islands, British
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Virgin Islands, U.S.
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Western Sahara
|
h. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Yemen
|
f. 1981-2000
|
First referendum held 1991.
Source:
International IDEA: The Direct Democracy Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Zambia
|
e. 1961-1980
|
1965
|
2009/08/12
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
i. Not applicable
|
The 2000 referenda included a number of amendments of various kind: 2 Terms for President, Power of decision repartition between President and Prime Minister, Proportional representation right, Anti-corruption commission, Independent comission for election, Expropriation without compensation, Obligatory constitutional referendum for fundamental states institution (art.138).
|
2018/10/31
|
