|
total countries/territories: 117
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Afghanistan
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2016/10/11
|
|
Algeria
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/03/26
|
|
American Samoa
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
American Samoa Code Annotated Title 6 Elections 6.0805.
|
2005/02/16
|
|
Argentina
|
h. Not applicable
|
N/A
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Armenia
|
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota)
|
The National lists are apportioned seats based on the Largest Remainder method. However, district lists are apportioned seats based upon the D'Hondt method.
Source:
Electoral Code of 25 May 2016, art. 95:
http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-REF(2016)042-e
|
2017/04/05
|
|
Austria
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 26
|
2003/06/11
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
h. Not applicable
|
N/A
|
2022/01/24
|
|
Bahamas
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2002/10/02
|
|
Bahrain
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution 2002, chapter 1, article 1 (b) and chapter 4, section 1, article 33 (a).
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Bangladesh
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
S. M. Asaduzzaman; Public Relations Officer; Bangladesh Election Commission. Email: [email protected]
|
2006/05/23
|
|
Barbados
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2001/05/31
|
|
Belarus
|
h. Not applicable
|
List PR is not used.
|
2002/07/15
|
|
Belgium
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
In the first allocation of seats (to lists within primary districts)in the Parliament the Hare quota is used. In the second and third allocation (to secondary districts) the d'Hondt Formula is used.
Source:
Electoral Code, Art. 165 bis (1), 169, 170, 171
|
2012/05/04
|
|
Belize
|
h. Not applicable
|
Plurality System.
Source:
EL: Representation of the People Act (ROPA) 17 (1) and (3).
|
2004/10/27
|
|
Benin
|
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota)
|
Source:
Article 4 de la loi n°94-015 du 27 janvier 1995 remise en vigueur par la loi n°2003-01 du 08 janvier 2003.
|
2005/01/18
|
|
Brazil
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Code - Law No. 4,737, of July 15, 1965, Article 106-113:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
|
2024/10/22
|
|
Bulgaria
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Source:
Elections of Members of Parliament Act, articles 6 (paragraph 2) and 107.
|
2002/08/22
|
|
Cameroon
|
e. Hare
|
If a list wins an absolute majority in a multi-member constituency it gets all the seats. If no list wins the absolute majority, the list with a relative majority gets at least half of the seats (to round ut), the rest of the seats being distributed proportionally according to Hare quota, greates remainder between all the other lists that have passed the electoral threshold of 5%
Source:
Electoral Code Chapter VI section 152 (3-4): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-electoral-code-english-2012
|
2018/11/07
|
|
Canada
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Ron Gould, Assistant Chief Electoral Officer, Elections Canada,ron.gould(a)electc.x400.gc.ca
|
2002/05/17
|
|
Cape Verde
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
|
2001/10/04
|
|
Chile
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Source:
Electoral Law, art. 18.700
|
2002/06/17
|
|
Colombia
|
e. Hare
|
The House of Representatives is elected from 32 multimember constituencies, three special constituencies for ethnic minorities, and one special constituency for Colombians living abroad, all under PR and applying the same Hare quota to the respective lists in each constituency.
Source:
Electoral Studies, 2003, no.4, volume 22, page 786.
|
2004/07/13
|
|
Croatia
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Source:
Electoral Code, article 40.
|
2002/08/23
|
|
Czech Republic
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
(interview with Petra Wagnerova, Election Law Expert, Ministry of the Interior) The d'Hondt Formula is used in the Czech republic for the elctions to the House of Deputies. For the elections to the Sentate there is no list PR used.
Source:
Section 50-51, 75-76 of the electoral act on elections to the Parliament of the Czech republic (Law Digest no. 247/1995 as amended)
|
2002/04/02
|
|
Denmark
|
b. Saint-Lague Formula
|
Proportional representation system according to a modified version of the St. Lague method and using the method of greatest remainders.
Source:
Parliamentary Elections and Election Administration in Denmark (Dr Jorgen Elklit and Anne Birte Pade, Election consultant Ministry of Interior), sec 1, art. 1.2.1
|
2015/06/08
|
|
Djibouti
|
h. Not applicable
|
The electoral system in chamber one is block vote. List PR is not used. Under Party Block Vote, unlike FPTP, there are multi-member districts. Voters have a single vote, and choose between party lists of candidates rather than between individuals. The party which wins most votes takes all the seats in the district, and its entire list of candidates is duly elected. As in FPTP, there is no requirement for the winner to have an absolute majority of the votes. As of 2004, PBV was used as the only system or the major component of the system in four countries—Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti and Singapore.
Source:
“DJIBOUTI Assemblée Nationale (National Assembly).” INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION, archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2089_B.htm. Accessed 11 July 2023.
|
2023/07/11
|
|
Dominica
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2002/12/09
|
|
Eritrea
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2011/06/21
|
|
Fiji
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2003/06/29
|
|
Finland
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
In all districts, the allocation of seats to parties is proportional to the votes following a d'Hondt system of party list Proportional Representation.
Source:
Election Act 714/1998 as amended, Section 89, 90, 91
|
2012/05/21
|
|
France
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Source:
Electoral code, Art. L295
|
2012/05/02
|
|
French Polynesia
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2003/07/01
|
|
Georgia
|
g. Other
|
3. A candidate for member of Parliament, who receives more votes than others, but not less
than 30% of total number voters participating in elections in the respective majoritarian
election district, shall be considered to be elected in the majoritarian election district. The
number of votes derived from invalid ballot papers shall be deducted from the number of
votes cast by voters participating in the elections.
4. Mandates of the Members of the Parliament of Georgia shall be granted only to the party list
that receives no less than 5% of total votes. The number of votes derived from invalid ballot
papers shall be deducted from the number of votes cast by voters participating in the
elections.
5. For determining the number of mandates received by a party list, the number of votes
received by this list must be multiplied by 77 and divided by the total number of the votes
received by the election subjects. The whole number of the result represents the number of
mandates received by the party list.
6. If the total number of mandates received by party/election bloc turns out to be less than 77,
each mandate from the unassigned mandates, with the purpose of supplementing mandates
up to 6, shall be sequentially granted to each of those election subjects having overcome the
threshold and received less than 6 mandates.
7. If, after the assignment of mandates under the procedure prescribed by paragraph 6 of this
Article, any election subject still has less than 6 mandates, with the purpose of
supplementing such election subjects up to 6 mandates, one mandate shall be successively
deducted from the election subjects having received more than 6 mandates and as a result of
this deduction the number mandates remaining with this election subject is no less than 7
mandates.
8. If there are still unassigned mandates left after the procedures prescribed by paragraph 6 of
this Article, they shall be successively granted before the expiration of the term of the
mandate to the election subjects having received no less than 6 mandates without a
supplement.
9. If the number of votes received by 2 or more party lists turns out to be equal, the mandate
shall be granted to the party list which was first to register at the CEC.
Source:
The Election Code of Georgia, art. 125:
https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1557168?publication=8
|
2024/07/24
|
|
Germany
|
e. Hare
|
e) Hare/Niemeyer
Source:
Doreen Namislo, Bundeswahlleiter (Federal Returning Office)
https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/service/glossar/h/hare-niemeyer.html
|
2021/11/15
|
|
Ghana
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2005/07/01
|
|
Guyana
|
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota)
|
Source:
Constitution (Amendment) Act No 2 of 2000.
Election Laws (Amendment) Act No 15 of 2000.
|
2015/05/10
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001, Art. 3: http://www.vatican.va/vatican_city_state/legislation/documents/scv_doc_20001126_legge-fondamentale-scv_it.html (2012);
Official Website of the Vatican City State: http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/Legislative_and_executive_bodies.htm (2012)
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Hungary
|
g. Other
|
Question not answered
Source:
Act XXXIV of 1989
|
2005/01/13
|
|
Iceland
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Source:
Björn Fridfinnsson, Ministry of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs, bjorn.fridfinnsson(a)dkm.stjr.is
|
2002/07/11
|
|
India
|
h. Not applicable
|
List PR is not used.
|
2002/06/17
|
|
Indonesia
|
e. Hare
|
Source:
www.ipu.prg/parline (Indonesia Electoral System)
|
2000/08/16
|
|
Ireland
|
h. Not applicable
|
List PR not used.
Source:
Constitution, Ch.4, Art. 16 and 18
|
2012/05/10
|
|
Italy
|
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota)
|
For the Chamber of Deputies, the formula used for the attribution of the seats of proportional quota is the largest remainder method. The major party, however, get 340 seats. For the Senate, the largest remainder method is used. The party that received the majority of votes in a region, gets 55% of the seats assigned to that region.
Source:
Legislative Act: Law of 21 December 2005, n. 270, Art. 1 and 4
|
2012/04/16
|
|
Jamaica
|
h. Not applicable
|
Members of Senate are appointed.
Source:
C: 35.
|
2025/09/18
|
|
Japan
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Source:
Electoral Code, article 95-2.
|
2003/06/25
|
|
Jordan
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2016/07/28
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2024/10/16
|
|
Kenya
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Kiribati
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2020/05/01
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
AEP, article 189.
|
2004/07/13
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2021/02/16
|
|
Lesotho
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2015/03/03
|
|
Lithuania
|
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota)
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Republic of Lithuania Law on Elections to the Seimas, last amended on 14 December 2010 — No XI-1226, Art.89
|
2002/08/30
|
|
Luxembourg
|
g. Other
|
g) The principle of the smallest quota
Electors may cast a preferential vote or split their vote between different lists. Accordingly, they can either vote for a list (in which case the latter is deemed to have received a number of votes equal to the number the elector was entitled to cast) or for a particular name on any list (in which case their votes may not exceed the number of Deputies to be elected in the district concerned). Each party-list obtains as many seats as its total number of (individual candidates and list) votes encompasses the applicable quotient. Remaining seats are allotted to parties with the highest average after the second count.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 51(5)
http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2191_B.htm
|
2012/04/23
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
When establishing the election results, the D`Hondt’s formula shall be applied. (Art 96(4))
Source:
Law on Election of Members of Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia (LEMP), Art. 96(4): https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/1112/file/83bf975af213a79ac697299021d5.pdf
|
2020/04/15
|
|
Malawi
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2025/04/14
|
|
Maldives
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2004/08/24
|
|
Malta
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2005/02/23
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2021/03/24
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2021/03/30
|
|
Monaco
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002, Art. 20-1
|
2012/04/27
|
|
Montenegro
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
|
2023/09/25
|
|
Morocco
|
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota)
|
Source:
http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2221.htm
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/05
|
|
Nepal
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2004/08/16
|
|
Netherlands
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Seats are distributed at the national level among different lists or groups of lists which have obtained at least 0.67% of the nationwide vote, each being awarded as many seats as the number of times the votes for its candidates is the multiple of an established national quota (the total of valid votes in the country divided by the number of seats (150) to be filled). Within each list, seats are then allocated among candidates according to the order in which they appear on the list. The seats remaining unfilled after this first distribution are then allotted according to the d'Hondt method of highest average.
Source:
Mr. Gerard Boon, Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations
Constitutional Affairs and Legislation Department, The Netherlands, gerard.boon(a)minbzk.nl
|
2016/03/03
|
|
New Caledonia
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2003/11/28
|
|
New Zealand
|
b. Saint-Lague Formula
|
The Saint-Laguë method is used to allocate seats to parties who win at least 5% of the vote and/or at least one electorate seat in Parliament.
Source:
https://elections.nz/media-and-news/2017/new-zealand-2017-general-election-official-results/
https://www.loc.gov/law/help/elections/newzealand.php
|
2024/07/02
|
|
Niger
|
h. Not applicable
|
question not answered.
|
2005/01/21
|
|
Nigeria
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2015/02/14
|
|
Niue
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2005/02/22
|
|
Norway
|
b. Saint-Lague Formula
|
Source:
Constitution, Art.59
|
2002/06/05
|
|
Pakistan
|
e. Hare
|
Source:
www.ipu.prg/parline (Indonesia Electoral System)
|
2024/01/31
|
|
Palestine
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2005/03/02
|
|
Paraguay
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Source:
Law N.834, Article 258.
|
2003/11/26
|
|
Peru
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
|
2010/04/27
|
|
Portugal
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
|
2024/10/26
|
|
Romania
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Source:
Law on Election of the Parliament, article 66.
|
2004/11/22
|
|
Russian Federation
|
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota)
|
1. The Central Election Commission shall calculate the sum of the votes cast for the federal lists of candidates admitted to the distribution of mandates in accordance with the rules provided by parts 7 - 9 of Article 88 of this Federal Law. This sum of votes is divided by 225 - the number of mandates to be distributed in the federal electoral district. The result is the first electoral quotient, which shall be used in the distribution of mandates between the federal lists of candidates.
2. The number of votes received by each federal list of candidates admitted to the distribution of deputy mandates shall be divided by the first electoral quotient provided by part 1 of this Article. The whole part of the result of this division is the number of mandates allocated to the respective federal list of candidates as a result of initial distribution of deputy mandates.
3. If after the initial distribution of mandates carried out in accordance with part 2 of this Article, there remain unallocated mandates, the second distribution shall be made. Unallocated deputy mandates shall be allocated by one to the federal lists of candidates, which have the largest remainder fraction resulting from the division made according to part 2 of this Article. In case of equal fractions (after the decimal point to the sixth digit inclusive), preference shall be given to the federal list of candidates that received the greater number of votes.
Source:
Electoral Law: Federal Law On Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
as amended on April 5, 2016 No 92-FZ (Article 89).
|
2016/05/31
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2020/04/14
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2002/05/23
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Samoa
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2021/04/09
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Source:
Art. 24, Electoral Law: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ST/sao-tome-e-principe-electoral-law
|
2021/06/17
|
|
Senegal
|
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota)
|
Source:
Code électoral Article L 149
|
2019/02/21
|
|
Serbia
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Seats shall be distributed by dividing the total number of votes won by an electoral
list participating in the distribution of seats by each consecutive number from one to 250.
Source:
Electoral Law: Law on the Elections of Representatives, art. 129.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/serbia-law-on-elections-of-representatives-updated/view
|
2022/07/05
|
|
Seychelles
|
h. Not applicable
|
N/A
Source:
N/A
|
2025/02/25
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota)
|
Pure proportional representation system at the national level, for the 68 ordinary members. The 12 paramount chief members are elected according to plurality system in single member districts.
Source:
The Electoral Laws Act 2002 Section 57 (2) Formula for Allocating Seats Under the District Block Representation System
|
2005/06/28
|
|
Slovakia
|
d. Droop
|
IT IS THE SAME AS HAGENBACH-BISCHOFF
Source:
ACEEEO
|
2002/04/18
|
|
Slovenia
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Each voter votes for a party-list or an individual candidate with indication of his/her choice among the candidates. Seats are distributed on a proportional basis. Remaining seats are distributed at the national level using the d'Hondt method, with Deputies being selected from those lists which have the highest remainders.
Source:
Electoral Code, article 92.
|
2004/11/25
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2004/04/29
|
|
Somalia
|
g. Other
|
quotient system
Source:
elections bill 2000
|
2005/08/25
|
|
South Africa
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2024/11/28
|
|
Spain
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Blocked party lists and the d'Hondt system of proportional representation is used.
Source:
Electoral Law 5/1985 of 19 June, Art. 162 and 163
|
2012/04/17
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
e. Hare
|
The seat allocation in multi-member constitutencies and in the 29 national seats are done according to Hare quota and largest remainder.
Source:
Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz and Christof Hartmann (eds.) Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook Vol. I Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia Oxford University Press, New York, 2001, p. 703.
|
2004/10/08
|
|
Sudan
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
General Elections Law (No. 15, 1998).
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/06
|
|
Sweden
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 2005, Ch. 14, Section 3, 4, 5: http://www.val.se/pdf/2005_elections_act.pdf (2012);
The Instrument of Government, Ch. 3, Art. 7, 8: Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Start/Bestall/Sprakversioner/English---engelska1/Sveriges-grundlagar-och-riksdagsordningen1/ (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Hagenbach-Bischoff system
Source:
Federal Law of 17 December 1976 (as amended) regulating political rights, Art. 40, 41, 42, 43: http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/161_1/index.html (2012)
|
2012/05/11
|
|
Taiwan
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2020/03/26
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota)
|
|
2025/12/01
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota)
|
List of 75 candidates: To ensure seats are taken
|
2001/09/25
|
|
Tonga
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2021/09/13
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
e. Hare
|
NOTE: THIS IS FOR LOCAL ELECTIONS OF ALDERMEN, NOT NATIONAL.
Example of Calculation of allocation of Aldermen for Municipality X
A. Calculation of Quota-
Total valid votes cast 25,916
Number of seats per in each
Council designated for Aldermen 4
Quota = A/B = 6,479
B. Calculation of Aldermen Allocation
Total valid votes for Party A 11, 420
Total valid votes for Party B 8,013
Total valid votes for Party C 6,483
Seat allocation for Party A – 11,420/ 6,479 = 1.76
Seat allocation for Party B – 8,013/ 6,479 = 1.23
Seat allocation for Party C – 6,483/ 6,479 = 1.00
Eliminate all fractions therefore –
Seat allocation for Party A – 1
Seat allocation for Party B – 1
Seat allocation for Party C – 1
3
Number of vacant seats remaining to be allocated (the surplus) –
4 – 3 = 1
Source:
Amendment to the Municipal Corporations Act, Chap 25:04
|
2015/05/21
|
|
Tunisia
|
c. Largest Remainder Method (Quota)
|
The voting system uses a a proportional party-list system that allocates seats based on the electoral quota, followed by the largest remainder method. In the event of a draw, the youngest candidate takes precedence.
Source:
Tunisia (Majlis Nawwab ash-Sha'ab), Electoral System: http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2392_B.htm
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Constituency seats are apportioned according to the largest average method of proportional representation (PR), conceived by the Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt in 1899.
Source:
http://electionresources.org/tr/
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Tuvalu
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2003/08/01
|
|
Uganda
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2025/12/02
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.parliament.uk/education/online-resources/parliament-explained/general-elections/ (2012)
|
2016/04/11
|
|
Uruguay
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
The Largest Remainder Method(Quota) was changed for the d'Hondt Formula in 1925
Source:
Complementary Law to the Electoral Law of the 22 October 1925
|
2002/06/18
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
|
2009/08/18
|
|
Vanuatu
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2016/01/26
|
|
Venezuela
|
a. d'Hondt Formula
|
Source:
LOSPP, art. 11 y 12.
|
2003/09/26
|
|
Viet Nam
|
b. Saint-Lague Formula
|
Source:
ACE Electoral Knowledge Network
|
2021/04/07
|
|
Yemen
|
h. Not applicable
|
There is no formula for the proportion of seats. Just two seats for females and 299 for males are distributed in the House of Representatives.
Source:
http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2353_A.htm
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/06
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2018/07/19
|
