|
total countries/territories: 118
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Algeria
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Source:
Electoral Law, art. 123
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/03/26
|
|
American Samoa
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Source:
Revised Constitution of American Samoa Article 2 section 2.
|
2005/02/16
|
|
Argentina
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
c. Regional/provincial level
d. Other
|
Article 45.- The Chamber of Deputies will be made up of representatives elected directly by the people of the provinces, of the city of Buenos Aires, and of the Capital in case of transfer, which are considered for this purpose as electoral districts of a single State. and a simple plurality of votes. The number of representatives will be one for every thirty-three thousand inhabitants or a fraction that does not lower than sixteen thousand five hundred. After the completion of each census, the Congress will set the representation in accordance with it, being able to increase but not decrease the base expressed for each deputy.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la Nación Argentina — Ley 24430, texto oficial ordenado”, art. 45: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-constitucion-nacional-reformas-1994/ (2019)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Armenia
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
Electoral Code of 25 May 2016, art. 78:
http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-REF(2016)042-e
|
2017/04/05
|
|
Austria
|
a. National level
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Elected directly in general elections for a period of five years.
Source:
The Austrian Parliament.
|
2003/06/11
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
a. National level
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Art. 143 (Election Code): 125 deputies shall be elected to the Milli Majlis from single mandate constituencies (one deputy from one constituency).
Art. 86 (Constitution): The election results shall be verified and confirmed by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1995) as amended in 2016, Art. 86: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Azerbaijan_2016.pdf?lang=en;
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan as amended in 2017, Art. 143: https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7885/file/Azerbaijan_Election_am2017_en.pdf (2018).
|
2022/01/24
|
|
Bahamas
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
The House of Assembly must have at least 38 elected members (single member constituencies). The number may be increased on the recommendation of the Constituencies Commission, which is charged with reviewing electoral boundaries at least every five years. Right now there are 40 constituencies.
Source:
C: 46 and 70.
|
2002/10/02
|
|
Bahrain
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
The Kingdom of Bahrain shall be divided into a number of constituencies each consisting of a number of electoral districts. Each electoral district elects one candidate.
Source:
Organizing Referendums and Elections, Exercising Political Rights, by Decree number 14 for 2002, part 3, article 17.
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Bangladesh
|
a. National level
|
Source:
Constitution; Part V; Annexure 1; Article 65(2)
|
2004/08/20
|
|
Barbados
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
There are 28 single member constituencies.
Source:
Representation of the People's Act, Part 1, Section 3
|
2002/05/07
|
|
Belarus
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
There are 110 constituencies.
Source:
Code on Elections, article 15.
|
2002/09/09
|
|
Belgium
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Seats are allocated at constituency level, defined by administrative boundaries (different from linguistic constituencies).
Source:
Constitution, Art. 63
|
2012/05/04
|
|
Belize
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
For the purposes of the election of the members of the House of representatives, Belize is divided into 29 electoral divisions.
Source:
C: Sec. 90.
EL: ROPA: 17 (3).
|
2003/08/20
|
|
Benin
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
|
2005/01/17
|
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Brazil
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Article 45:
The Chamber of Deputies is composed of representatives of the people, elected by a proportional system in each state, in each territory, and in the Federal District.
§ 1º The total number of deputies, as well as the representation by state and by the Federal District, shall be established by complementary law, proportionally to the population, making the necessary adjustments in the year prior to the elections, so that none of those units of the Federation has fewer than eight or more than seventy deputies.
§ 2º Each territory shall elect four deputies.
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, Article 45:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
|
2024/10/22
|
|
Bulgaria
|
a. National level
|
Source:
Elections of Members of Parliament Act, articles 99-101 and 106-107.
|
2002/08/22
|
|
Cameroon
|
d. Other
|
The seats are distributed according to the departments which constitute the electoral constituencies.
Source:
Constitution, Article. 14, (1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-constitution-of-cameroon-2008
|
2018/11/07
|
|
Canada
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Members of Parliament are elected from single-seat constituencies (308 as per the 2003 Representation Order). Electoral boundaries are readjusted at each decennial census.
Source:
Elections Canada
|
2010/06/15
|
|
Cape Verde
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
Fernando Monteiro, Member of the Electoral Commission, Cape Verde, fam(a)mailcvtelecom.cv
|
2003/05/21
|
|
Chile
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 45
|
2002/06/17
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|
Colombia
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Territorials Circumscriptions and Special Circumscriptions.
Source:
Constitución, art. 176
|
2003/07/29
|
|
Costa Rica
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Source:
Constitución, art: 106.
|
2011/01/13
|
|
Croatia
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
c. Regional/provincial level
|
b) (1) Special constituency for Croatian citizens living abroad; (2) special constituency for ethnic minorities.
Source:
Electoral Code, articles: 16, 17, 38 and 46.
|
2002/08/23
|
|
Cyprus
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Source:
Electoral Law 72 of 1979, Art. 32(3,4)
|
2012/04/26
|
|
Czech Republic
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
The Czech Republic is administratively divided into 14 regions. Same regions are used as electoral constituencies for the elections to the House of Deputies.
Source:
Section 26 of the Electoral Act on Elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic (Law Digest no. 247/1995 as amended)
|
2023/09/14
|
|
Denmark
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Seats allocation takes place at two levels, a multimember constituency (lower) level and a national (higher) level. Fo this reason, it is often describes as a two-tier allocation system and classified with other electoral systems with the same basic properties, such as Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Germany and Estonia.
Source:
Parliamentary Elections and Election Administration in Denmark (Dr Jorgen Elklit and Anne Birte Pade, Election consultant Ministry of Interior), sec 1, art.1
|
2015/06/08
|
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Djibouti
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
|
2023/07/11
|
|
Dominica
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
The House is made up of as many Representatives as the number of constituencies established for the Electoral Boundaries Commission.
Source:
C: 30, 33 and 57.
|
2002/12/09
|
|
Egypt
|
a. National level
|
The 300-member Senate is composed of three equal parts: one-third elected via individual candidacy, one-third through closed party lists, and one-third appointed by the president.
Source:
https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/211214?lang=en-us#:~:text=Members%20serve%20five%2Dyear%20terms,be%20announced%20on%204%20September.
|
2025/09/23
|
|
Eritrea
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
|
2011/06/21
|
|
Fiji
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Constituency breakdown is: Open, Fijian, Indian and Rotuman.
Source:
Constitution Section 52
Electoral Act 1998 Part 2, Sections 5, 6, 7, 8
|
2003/06/29
|
|
Finland
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Finland is divided into 15 electoral districts (constituencies). A number of representatives proportional to the number of Finnish citizens residing in the district is elected from each district. However, from the electoral district of Åland one representative is always elected.
Source:
Election Act 714/1998 as amended, Section 6
|
2012/05/21
|
|
France
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Art. 119, 124, 125
|
2012/05/02
|
|
French Polynesia
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Article L.124, L.125, L.394 (1).
|
2004/01/15
|
|
Georgia
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Parliament shall be composed of 150 Members of Parliament elected in a single multi-mandate electoral district for a term of 4 years by a proportional system on the basis of universal, free, equal and direct suffrage, by secret ballot.
Source:
Constitution of Georgia, chapter 3:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_2018?lang=en
|
2024/07/24
|
|
Germany
|
a. National level
|
The seats parties achieved on national level are under-distributed on up to 16 Länder-lists of every party and takes into account constituency gains.
Source:
Federal Elections Act, Ch.1, Sections 5 - 6
https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/dam/jcr/4ff317c1-041f-4ba7-bbbf-1e5dc45097b3/bundeswahlgesetz_engl.pdf
|
2021/11/15
|
|
Ghana
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Each Member of Parliament is a representative of a Constituency in the country as demarcated by the Electoral Commisssion.
Source:
The Constitution of the Republi of Ghana ( Article 47)
|
2005/07/01
|
|
Guyana
|
a. National level
c. Regional/provincial level
|
The legislature has a total of sixty-five (65) members. Twenty-five (25) are elected from geographical constituencies and forty (40) are awarded on the basis of Block Votes secured using the LR-HARE Formula
Source:
Election Law (Amendment) Act No. 15 of 2000, section 11 and 12.
|
2015/05/10
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
d. Other
|
The members of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State are appointed by the Supreme Pontiff for a five-year period.
Source:
Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001, Art. 3: http://www.vatican.va/vatican_city_state/legislation/documents/scv_doc_20001126_legge-fondamentale-scv_it.html (2012);
Official Website of the Vatican City State: http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/Legislative_and_executive_bodies.htm (2012)
|
2012/05/14
|
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Hungary
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
c. Regional/provincial level
|
The Hungarian electoral system consists of three elements: national list (compensational), regional lists (proportional; in the capital and in 19 counties). Additional, 176 deputies are elected from majoritarian constituencies.
Source:
Act XXXIV/1989
|
2002/07/05
|
|
Iceland
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
Björn Fridfinnsson, Ministry of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs, bjorn.fridfinnsson(a)dkm.stjr.is
|
2002/07/11
|
|
India
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
India is a federal republic. The number of seats in Chamber 1, Lok Sabha, is allocated to each constituency unit, state or union territory. The constituencies are delimited through a delimitation exercise as per constitutional provision.
Source:
Constitution, art. 81
|
2024/06/12
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|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
The Electoral District Law, adopted in 1985, allocates parliamentary seats among Iran’s 207 electoral districts
Source:
https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/14620_2_R_Duality_by_Design__The_Iranian_Electoral_System_Yasmin_Alem.pdf
|
2016/01/22
|
|
Ireland
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
Constitution, Ch.4, Art. 16(2.1 - 2.4)
|
2012/05/10
|
|
Italy
|
a. National level
|
In the Chamber of Deputies, seats are distributed on a national level.
Source:
Legislative Act: "Testo Unico delle Leggi Elettorali", Art. 3
|
2012/04/16
|
|
Jamaica
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
C: 67 (1).
|
2025/09/18
|
|
Japan
|
a. National level
|
Source:
Constitution, article 43.
|
2003/06/25
|
|
Jordan
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
The 2016 Parliament Elections Law No. 6, art. 8, 9: http://www.entikhabat.jo/sites/default/files/ElectionNo6-2016.pdf
|
2016/07/28
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
a. National level
|
|
2024/10/16
|
|
Kenya
|
a. National level
|
Members are derived from each constituency in the country.
Source:
The Constitution of Kenya Article 97
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Kiribati
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
For the purposes of returning elected members to the Maneaba ni Maungatabu, Kiribati shall be divided into the 23 electoral districts specified in the first column of Schedule 1 and each electoral district shall consist o ft he area specified in relation to that electoral district in the second column of Schedule 1 and return the number of embers specified in the third column of Schedule 1.
Source:
Article 5, Elections Law
|
2020/05/01
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
AEP, article 20.
|
2003/02/11
|
|
Lesotho
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
57. Elections to National Assembly
(1) Lesotho shall, in accordance with the provisions of section 67 of this Constitution, be divided into constituencies and each constituency shall elect one member to the National Assembly in such manner as, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, may be prescribed by or under any law.
Source:
Constitution of Lesotho, art. 57(1): http://www.gov.ls/documents/Lesotho_Constitution.pdf
|
2015/03/03
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
The Upper Country (Oberland) and the Lower Country (Unterland) shall each form a voting district. Of the 25 Members of Parliament, 15 shall be elected by the Upper Country and 10 by the Lower Country.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 46 (1): http://www.llv.li/verfassung-e-01-02-09.doc.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/23
|
|
Lithuania
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
a) The 70 multi-member constituencies.
b) The 71 single-member constituencies.
Source:
Electoral Law: Republic of Lithuania Law on Elections to the Seimas, last amended on 14 December 2010 — No XI-1226, Art.1
|
2016/02/02
|
|
Luxembourg
|
a. National level
|
Source:
Electoral law of 18 February 2003, Art. 159
|
2012/04/23
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
a. National level
|
In the Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia 120 Members of Parliament are elected according to the proportional model, whereby the territory of the Republic of Macedonia is divided into 6 election districts determined by law, each of which shall elect 20 Members of Parliament. (Art. 2 (1))
Source:
Law on Election of Members of Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia (LEMP), Art. 2 (1): https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/1112/file/83bf975af213a79ac697299021d5.pdf
|
2020/04/15
|
|
Malawi
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
The National Assembly shall consist of such number of seats representing every constituency in Malawi, as shall be determined by the Electoral Commission. Each constituency shall freely elect any person, subject to this Constitution and an Act of Parliament, to represent it as a member of the National Assembly in such manner as may be prescribed by this Constitution or an Act of Parliament.
Source:
Constitution: Sections 61 and 62 (2).
|
2025/04/14
|
|
Maldives
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Two members are elected from each of the 20 atolls and Male to the People's Majlis.
Source:
Law on General Elections (No:5/81H), article 22(a).
|
2004/10/07
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
The 33 members of parliament are drawn from the following constituencies Majuro 5,Kwajalein 3, Ailinglaplap 2, Arno 2, Jaluit 2, Jabat 1, Mili 1, Ebon 1, Lib 1, Namdrik 1, Maloelap 1, Wotje 1, Likiep 1, Ailuk 1, Aur 1, Namu 1, Wotho 1, Enewetak & Ujelang 1, Bikini & Kili 1, Rongelap 1, Mejit 1, Utrik 1, Lae 1, Ujae 1. Narikrik, Erikub, Jemo, Taka, Bikar, Bokak, Rongrik and Ailinginae shall each be included in the electoral district with which it is most closely associated, pursuant to the customary law or any traditional practice
Source:
Constitution of the Marshall Islands, Article 4 section 2 clause 1
|
2005/02/23
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Art. 9, Sec. 8: The Congress consists of one member elected at large from each state on the basis of state equality, and additional members elected from congressional districts in each state apportioned by population.
Source:
Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article. 9, Section 8: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/constitution/article9.htm (2021)
|
2021/03/24
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
a. National level
|
Source:
Electoral Code of the Republic of Moldova 2019 Article 79
|
2021/03/30
|
|
Monaco
|
a. National level
|
Source:
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002, Art. 20-1
|
2012/04/27
|
|
Montenegro
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Article 4: Councillors and members of parliament shall be elected in an electoral district based on a list submitted by a political party (party candidate list), coalition of political parties (coalition candidate list) or group of citizens (citizen group candidate list) (hereinafter referred to as the candidate list).
Councillor and member of parliament seats shall be allocated in proportion to the number of votes received.
Source:
Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives as amended in 2016, art. 4.
https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2020)031-e
|
2023/09/25
|
|
Morocco
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Members of the House of Representatives are elected by proportional representation applying the rule of the highest average without vote-splitting or preferential votes.
- 295 members are elected to represent 92 multi-member electoral districts
- 30 members are elected on a national basis.
Source:
Constitution, part 3, article 37.
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/05
|
|
Nepal
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Nepal is divided into 205 electoral constituencies and the voters of each constituency elect a member of HOR from their own respective constituency.
Source:
Constitution 1990, article 45(2).
|
2004/08/16
|
|
Netherlands
|
a. National level
|
"1. The central electoral committee shall divide the sum of the total votes cast for all the lists
by the number of seats to be allocated.
2. The quotient thus obtained shall be known as the electoral quota.
A seat shall be awarded to a list as many times as the total vote for that list contains the
electoral quota."
Source:
Act of 28 September 1989 containing new provisions governing the franchise and elections (Elections Act), sec. P5 & P6: file:///C:/Users/jmansour/Downloads/pdf-voor-engelse-site-elections-act-2010%20(1).pdf
|
2016/03/04
|
|
New Caledonia
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Articles L.124, L.125, L.394(1)
|
2003/11/28
|
|
New Zealand
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
Election Commission Official Website: http://www.elections.org.nz/elections/votingsystems/the-mixed-member-proportional-system-mmp.html (2010) .
https://www.parliament.nz/en/mps-and-electorates/house-seating-plan/ .
https://elections.nz/democracy-in-nz/what-is-new-zealands-system-of-government/how-are-mps-elected/ .
https://www.loc.gov/law/help/elections/newzealand.php .
|
2024/07/02
|
|
Niger
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
|
2005/01/21
|
|
Nigeria
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
|
2015/02/14
|
|
Niue
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
A. Consists of 6 seats.
B Consists of 14 seats allocated at village level
Source:
Niue Constitution Act 1978 Part 2, Article 16, Section 2
|
2005/02/22
|
|
Norway
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Each county constitutes a constituency. The election of representatives of constituencies is based on proportional representation and the seats are distributed among the political parties in accordance with a number of rules.
Source:
Constitution Art 59
|
2002/06/05
|
|
Palestine
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Source:
EL.5
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Source:
Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea Part 6 Article 101 clause
|
2005/03/02
|
|
Paraguay
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Chamber 1 has a department representation; deputies are elected directly by the people in electoral department colleges.
Source:
National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 221.
|
2003/11/26
|
|
Portugal
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
|
2024/10/26
|
|
Romania
|
a. National level
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Source:
Law on Election of the Parliament, article 66 (paragraph 3).
|
2004/11/22
|
|
Russian Federation
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
3. 225 deputies of the State Duma shall be elected in the federal electoral district in proportion to the number of votes cast for the federal lists of candidates to the deputies.
Source:
Electoral Law: Federal Law On Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
as amended on April 5, 2016 No 92-FZ (Article 3).
|
2016/05/31
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
Articles 20 and 50, Constitution
|
2020/04/14
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Seats are distributed in single member constituencies approved by order of the Parliament upon a report prepared by the Constituency Boundary Commission.
Source:
C: 30 and 58.
|
2002/12/10
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
For the elections of most of the members of the House of Assembly, the country is divided in single members constituencies.
Source:
Constitution of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1979, articles 24 and 33.
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Samoa
|
a. National level
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Subject to the provisions of this Article, the Legislative Assembly shall consist of one member elected for each of 51 electoral constituencies.
Source:
Samoa Constitution, Article 44: https://www.palemene.ws/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-Eng.pdf (2021)
|
2021/04/09
|
|
San Marino
|
a. National level
|
Source:
Electoral Law N.6 of 31 January 1996, Art. 10 (2): http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21801leggi_5336.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/25
|
|
Senegal
|
a. National level
|
The legislature consists of only the National Assembly
Source:
http://archive.ipu.org/parline/reports/2277.htm
|
2019/02/21
|
|
Serbia
|
a. National level
|
The MPs shall be elected in the Republic of Serbia as a single constituency.
Source:
Electoral Law: Law on the Elections of Representatives, art. 5.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/serbia-law-on-elections-of-representatives-updated/view
|
2022/07/05
|
|
Seychelles
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Constitution, Article 78: The National Assembly shall consist of-(a)such number of members directly elected in accordance with-
(i)
this Constitution; and
(ii)
subject to this Constitution, an Act,
as is equal to the number of electoral areas;
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011), art. 78
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
|
2025/02/25
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
The basis of allocating seats to political parties under the district block representation system will be the total number of valid votes cast in each district, referred to as the total district votes. The total district will be obtained by adding up the valid votes from all the polling stations in the district.
Source:
The Electoral Laws Act 2002 Section 57 (2) Formula for Allocating Seats Under the District Block Representation System
|
2005/06/28
|
|
Slovakia
|
a. National level
|
The whole country is one constituency.
Source:
Mrs. Lívia Skultétyová, Head of the Election department, Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic, +421-7/4333 8662
|
2002/06/18
|
|
Slovenia
|
a. National level
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Source:
Electoral Code, articles 90 and 93.
|
2002/08/27
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
There are 50 single member constituencies
Source:
Constitution S.54. Electoral Provisions First Schedule
|
2004/04/29
|
|
Somalia
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Source:
article 28 of transitional charter
The regulation of political parties association and parties law no. 14/2000
|
2005/04/06
|
|
South Africa
|
a. National level
c. Regional/provincial level
|
The seat calculation is done in the following manner:
1. Using a quota system (which is explained in the example), each
party’s overall allocation of the 400 seats is determined on a
proportional basis.
2. The 200 regional list seats are determined for each region using a
quota based on the number of seats allocated to the region.
3. The 200 national list seats are determined by subtracting the total
number of regional seats for a party from the overall allocation for
that party.
Source:
Electoral Act of 1998 (as amended to 2023), Schedule 1A: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-electoral-act-73-of-1998-as-amended/view
|
2024/11/28
|
|
Spain
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
350 members:
a) 2 seats minimum per province (50 provinces = 50 constituencies ), the rest is allotted according to each provinces' population.
b) 2 single-seat constituencies (Autonomous Cities of Ceuta and Melilla)
Source:
Constitution, Art. 68;
Electoral Law 5/1985 of 19 June, Art. 162
|
2012/04/17
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
The electoral districts of each Province shall together be entitled to return four members, (independently of the number of members which they are entitled to return by reference to the number of electors whose names appear in the registers of electors of such electoral districts) and the Delimitation Commission shall apportion such entitlement equitably among such electoral districts
Source:
Constitution 1978, article 96(4): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LK/sri-lanka-constitution-as-amended-up-to-9/at_download/file
|
2016/01/28
|
|
Sudan
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
270 deputies are elected in the constituencies,
35 deputies are representatives of the women,
26 deputies are representatives of university graduates, 29 deputies are representatives of the trade unions.
Source:
Constitution, part 4, chapter 2, article 67.
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/06
|
|
Sweden
|
a. National level
c. Regional/provincial level
|
The Riksdag has 349 members. 310 are permanent constituency seats, while 39 are adjustment seats distributed at a national level in order to obtain a nationally proportional result.
Source:
The Instrument of Government, Ch. 3, Art. 6: Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Start/Bestall/Sprakversioner/English---engelska1/Sveriges-grundlagar-och-riksdagsordningen1/ (2012);
Electoral Law of 2005, Ch. 14, Section 3, 4, 5: http://www.val.se/pdf/2005_elections_act.pdf (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Proportional number of seats per canton (states) according to the population. Minimum of 1 delegate per canton.
Source:
Federal Law of 17 December 1976 (as amended) regulating political rights, Art. 40, 41, 42, 43: http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/161_1/index.html (2012);
Constitution, Art. 149, 150
|
2012/05/11
|
|
Taiwan
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
c. Regional/provincial level
|
(1) Members of the Legislative Yuan shall be elected in accordance with the following provisions:
1. Those to be elected from the Provinces or Municipalities under the direct jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan shall be five for each Province or Municipality with a population of not more than 3,000,000; where the population exceeds 3,000,000, one additional member shall be elected for each additional 1,000,000.
2. Those to be elected from Mongolian Leagues and Banners.
3. Those to be elected from Tibet.
4. Those to be elected by the ethnic groups in frontier regions.
5. Those to be elected by Chinese citizens residing abroad.
6. Those to be elected by occupational groups.
(2) The election of Members of the Legislative Yuan and the number of those to be elected under Items 2 to 6 of the preceding paragraph shall be prescribed by law. The number of women to be elected under all the items of the preceding paragraph shall be prescribed by law.
Source:
Article 64, Constitution of the Republic of China
|
2020/03/26
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
|
2025/12/01
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
A mixed system. 77 seats are distributed at the national level and the remaining 13 seats are distributed at the districts level.
|
2001/09/14
|
|
Tonga
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
There is a two-class suffrage. Nobles vote only in the nobles' election; the people vote only in the election for people's representatives (Campbell in Elections in Asia & the Pacific). There are 5 Constituencies of varying size. They are the same for both People and Nobles. Representation is as followers: Tongatapu - 3 members; Vava'u - 2 members; Ha'apai - 2 members; Niuatoputapu-Niuafo'ou - 1 member; 'Eua - 1 member.
Source:
Constitution Section 60. https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/Tonga%20Act%20of%20Constitution%201988.pdf/view (2021);
Campbell in Elections in Asia and the Pacific, p,815
|
2021/09/14
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
(2) There shall be thirty-six members of the House of Representatives or such other number of members as corresponds with the number of constituencies as provided for by an Order made by the President under section 72.
Source:
Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago, Article 46 [2]
|
2015/05/21
|
|
Tunisia
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
List proportional representation system that includes 33 total constituencies and 217 total seats. Of the total constituencies, 27 are domestic multi-member constituencies (with 199 seats). Each of these multi-member constituencies has between 4-10 seats. The remaining 6 constituencies (which contain 18 seats altogether) are reserved for citizens abroad. The breakdown in constituencies abroad is as follows: 2 in France (5 seats each), 1 in Italy (three seats), 1 in Germany (one seat), 1 for the rest of Europe and the Americas (two seats), 1 for the Arab states and rest of the world (2 seats).
Source:
Election for Parliament, Tunisian Republic, http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2746/
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
a. National level
|
First of all, out of the total number of deputies (...) one deputyship shall be allocated to each province. (*)
(Amended 2. Paragraph: 4138 - 23.11.95) The number of inhabitants of Turkey, as determined at the last census, shall be divided by the remaining number of deputyships. The number of inhabitants of each province shall be divided by the number so calculated to find the number of deputies to be elected by that province on top the one deputyship allocated at the beginning.
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 4: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
|
2015/06/01
|
|
Tuvalu
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Tuvalu is divided into 8 electoral districts.
Source:
Constitution Section 82(4 and 5) and Section 83.
Electoral Provisions Part II, Sections 3 and 4 and
Electoral Provisions Schedule 1
|
2003/08/01
|
|
Ukraine
|
a. National level
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
225 candidates are elected in single-mandate constituencies created by the Central Election Commission, and 225 persons in multi-mandate constituency that incorporate territory of the whole country.
Source:
The Law on Elections of Peoples of Ukraine, article 16
|
2014/05/21
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
b) Parliamentary Constituencies
Source:
http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/elections-and-voting/constituencies/
|
2016/04/11
|
|
United States of America
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
"Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State..."
Source:
Fourteenth Amendment, United States Constitution
|
2016/02/12
|
|
Uruguay
|
a. National level
|
The Chamber of Representatives is composed of 99 members appointed at a national level by a proportional representation system. However, two seats are assigned to each one of the 19 constituencies (departments).
Source:
Constitution, art. 94
|
2002/07/05
|
|
Vanuatu
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
There are 17 Constituencies, district magnititure ranges from 1 to 7.
Source:
Van Trease, H. University of Hawaii at Hilo (10 July 2004) Operation of the single non transferable vote in Vanuatu, paper delivered at the Political Culture, Representation and Electoral Systems in the Pacific conference Vanuatu. Available online at http://www.usp.ac.fj/fileadmin/files/Institutes/piasdg/Electoral_Systems_2004/es2004_vanTrease.pdf
|
2016/01/26
|
|
Venezuela
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
They are distributed by federal entity.
Source:
Constitución, art. 186
|
2003/08/01
|
|
Viet Nam
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
Source:
Constitution, article 83
|
2021/04/07
|
|
Wallis and Futuna
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Article L.124, L.125, L.394(1).
|
2004/01/15
|
|
Yemen
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
The country shall be divided into (301) constituencies which are demographically equal in view of the general census. In this regard, an error of estimate ±.05 shall be tolerated. Each constituency shall elect one parliamentary member.
Source:
General Elections and Referendum Law 2001, chapter 5, section 1, article 53.
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/08
|
|
Zanzibar
|
b. Specially delimited constituencies
|
Source:
Ame, Khamis A, Zanzibar Director of Elections. Electoral Commission Questionaire, Compiled by the Electoral Institute of Southern Africa.
|
2002/09/20
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
c. Regional/provincial level
|
|
2018/10/30
|
