|
total countries/territories: 116
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Afghanistan
|
a. Yes
|
Ten seats are reserved for Kuchi candidates.
Source:
Constitution of Afghanistan, art. 23: http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf (2015).
|
2016/10/11
|
|
Algeria
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
www.pogar.org
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/03/26
|
|
American Samoa
|
b. No
|
Source:
Revised Constitution of American Samoa Article 2 section 2
|
2005/02/16
|
|
Argentina
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral Nacional — Ley 19945”, art. 61bis: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-19945-codigo-electoral-nacional-2019/ (2019)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Armenia
|
b. No
|
|
2017/04/05
|
|
Austria
|
b. No
|
Source:
The Austrian Parliament
|
2003/06/11
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
b. No
|
|
2021/08/03
|
|
Bahamas
|
b. No
|
|
2002/10/02
|
|
Bahrain
|
b. No
|
Source:
Decree number 14 for 2002, part 3, article 17, organizing referendums and elections, exercising political rights.
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Bangladesh
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Constitution; Part V; Annexure 1; Article 65(3)
|
2004/08/20
|
|
Barbados
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, Ch.5, Section 41-42.
|
2003/06/10
|
|
Belarus
|
b. No
|
Source:
Code on Elections
|
2002/07/15
|
|
Belgium
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 61, 62, 63
|
2012/05/04
|
|
Belize
|
b. No
|
Each electoral division shall be represented in the House of Representatives by one elected member.
Source:
ROPA: 17 (3).
|
2003/08/20
|
|
Benin
|
b. No
|
Tous les députés sont élus au suffrage universel direct.
Source:
Article 80 de la constitution.
|
2005/01/16
|
|
Brazil
|
b. No
|
There are no special constituencies or reserved seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
Source:
Supremo Tribunal Eleitoral (TSE) - Superior Electoral Court
|
2024/10/22
|
|
Bulgaria
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution.
Elections of Members of Parliament Act.
|
2004/11/02
|
|
Cameroon
|
b. No
|
certain electoral constituencies could be warded on the grounds of their peculiar situation by a decree of the President of the
Republic.
Source:
Electoral Code Chapter V section 149 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-electoral-code-english-2012
|
2018/11/07
|
|
Canada
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution Acts 1867-1982, art. 37
|
2010/06/17
|
|
Cape Verde
|
b. No
|
Source:
Fernando Monteiro, member of the Electoral Commission, Cape Verde, fam(a)mailcvtelecom.cv
|
2002/06/19
|
|
Chile
|
b. No
|
Source:
Mr. Juan Ignacio García, President, Servicio Electoral
|
2002/07/05
|
|
Colombia
|
a. Yes
|
A Special Circumscription (5 seats) for indigenous communities and other groups.
Source:
Constitución, art. 176
|
2003/07/29
|
|
Comoros
|
b. No
|
|
2015/01/21
|
|
Croatia
|
a. Yes
|
(1) Special constituency for Croatian citizens living abroad; (2) special constituency for ethnic minorities.
Source:
Electoral Code, articles: 16, 17, 38 and 46.
|
2002/08/23
|
|
Cyprus
|
a. Yes
|
a) 70% of the seats (35 seats) are reserved for members of the Greek community, whereas 30% of the seats (15 seats) are reserved for members of the Turkish community.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 62
|
2012/04/26
|
|
Czech Republic
|
b. No
|
Any Czech national who is a member of a minority stands as a candidate for the election under the same conditions as any other Czech national.
Source:
Constitution, Ch.2, Art.19
|
2002/06/11
|
|
Denmark
|
a. Yes
|
The contituency of the island of Bornholm in the Baltic is guaranteed an allocation of at least 2 seats even if it might not qualify on the basis of the said numbers.
Source:
Parliamentary Elections and Election Administration in Denmark (Dr Jorgen Elklit and Anne Birte Pade, Election consultant Ministry of Interior), sec 1, art. 1.1
|
2015/06/08
|
|
Dominica
|
b. No
|
Source:
C: 30.
|
2002/12/09
|
|
Egypt
|
a. Yes
|
|
2025/09/23
|
|
Eritrea
|
a. Yes
|
When designating constituencies, the Commission shall take into consideration the balance of ethnic participation and representation;
The Commission shall designate constituencies outside Eritrea to ensure the effective and fair participation of the Eritrean Diaspora
Source:
Election Act, art. 14
|
2011/06/21
|
|
Fiji
|
a. Yes
|
Fijian, Indians, Rotumans, Open seats.
Source:
Constitution Section 51
|
2003/06/29
|
|
Finland
|
b. No
|
|
2012/05/21
|
|
France
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 24
|
2012/05/02
|
|
French Polynesia
|
b. No
|
|
2003/07/01
|
|
Georgia
|
b. No
|
|
2024/07/15
|
|
Germany
|
a. Yes
|
No seats are reserved, but special regulations apply.
Source:
Federal Elections Act, Section 20 (2), third sentence, Section 27 (1), fourth sentence
Federal Elections Act, Section 6 (3), second sentence
|
2021/11/15
|
|
Ghana
|
b. No
|
The basis for the demarcation of constituencies is such that the number of inhabitants are as nearly equal to the population quota.
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Ghana (Article 47 Section 3 )
|
2005/07/01
|
|
Guyana
|
a. Yes
|
Gender - Women.
Source:
Election Law (Amendment) Act no. 15 of 2002, section 11 B(5).
|
2004/09/03
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
a. Yes
|
Only Cardinals are eligible for the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State.
Source:
Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001, Art. 3: http://www.vatican.va/vatican_city_state/legislation/documents/scv_doc_20001126_legge-fondamentale-scv_it.html (2012);
Official Website of the Vatican City State: http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/Legislative_and_executive_bodies.htm (2012)
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Hungary
|
b. No
|
The law on ethnic and national minorities provides to create or preserve special seats but these are still no one in place.
Source:
Act XXXIV/1989
|
2002/07/05
|
|
Iceland
|
b. No
|
Source:
Björn Fridfinnsson, Ministry of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs, bjorn.fridfinnsson(a)dkm.stjr.is
|
2002/07/11
|
|
India
|
a. Yes
|
—(1) Seats shall be reserved in the House of the People for —
(a) the Scheduled Castes;
[(b) the Scheduled Tribes except the Scheduled Tribes in the
autonomous districts of Assam; and]
(c) the Scheduled Tribes in the autonomous districts of Assam.
Source:
Constitution, art. 330
|
2024/06/12
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
a. Yes
|
Five parliamentary seats are reserved for recognized religious minorities. Zoroastrians and Jews each elect one representative. Assyrians and Chaldean Christians jointly elect one representative. Armenian Christians from the North elect one deputy to the Majlis, as do the Armenian Christians from the South.
Source:
https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/14620_2_R_Duality_by_Design__The_Iranian_Electoral_System_Yasmin_Alem.pdf
|
2016/01/22
|
|
Ireland
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, Ch.4, Art. 16(2.1)
|
2012/05/10
|
|
Italy
|
a. Yes
|
Independent Lists that represent recognized linguistic minorities have special privileges: if they present themselves in one of the districts of a region with a special statute that provides for the protection of such linguistic minorities, they can have seats in the Parliament if they win 20% of the valid votes cast in that district.
Furthermore, 12 seats are reserved for the "Abroad Constituencies" ("Circoscrizioni Estere").
Source:
Legislative Act: Law of 21 December 2005, n. 270, Art. 1
Constitution, art. 56
|
2012/04/16
|
|
Jamaica
|
b. No
|
|
2025/09/18
|
|
Japan
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, article 44.
|
2003/06/25
|
|
Jordan
|
a. Yes
|
The kingdom will be divided into electoral districts which are to include 130 parliamentary seats, 15 of which are reserved for women (one seat per province). Voters who are Christian, Circassian, or Chechnyan are free to vote in any province where there is a minority seat reserved for them, and candidates for these seats are allowed to run individually or on lists.
|
2016/07/28
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
b. No
|
|
2024/10/16
|
|
Kenya
|
a. Yes
|
47 women to be elected by voters of the counties, 12 members are to be nominated by the political parties to represent; the youth, persons with disabilities, workers and the speaker who is an ex officio member.
Source:
The Constitution of Kenya Article(s) 90 & 97(1)(c)
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Kiribati
|
b. No
|
Subject to the provisions of this section, the Maneaba ni Maungatabu shall be composed of-
(a) 35 elected members;
(b) the member provided for in section 117 of this Constitution; and
(c) if he is not an elected member, the Attorney-General as an ex- officio member.
Source:
Article 53(1), Constitution
|
2020/05/01
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
b. No
|
Though it is stipulated that "political parties shall nominate female candidates in excess of 30% of the total candidates for the National Assembly". However, since female candidates' ranks in the list are not favoured by the clause, it would be inappropriate to say that special seats are reserved for women.
Source:
PPA, article 31, section 4.
|
2003/02/11
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
b. No
|
|
2021/02/16
|
|
Lesotho
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of Lesotho, art. 57: http://www.gov.ls/documents/Lesotho_Constitution.pdf
|
2015/03/03
|
|
Lithuania
|
b. No
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Republic of Lithuania Law on Elections to the Seimas, last amended on 14 December 2010 — No XI-1226, Art.9
|
2016/02/02
|
|
Luxembourg
|
b. No
|
|
2012/04/23
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
b. No
|
The law does not contain any provision to reserve seats for specific purposes. However, the folowing rules have to be taken into consideration:
The Assembly establishes a Council for Inter-Ethnic Relations. The Council consists of the President of the Assembly and two members each from the ranks of the Macedonians, Albanians, Turks, Vlachs and Romanies, as well as two members from the ranks of other nationalities in Macedonia. The President of the Assembly is President of the Council. The Assembly elects the members of the Council. The Council considers issues of inter-ethnic relations in the Republic and makes appraisals and proposals for their solution. The Assembly is obliged to take into consideration the appraisals and proposals of the Council and to make decisions regarding them. (Constitution, Art. 78)
In the proposed lists of candidates for election of Members of Parliament each sex shall be represented with at
least 30%. (Law on Parliamentary Elections, Art 37 (3))
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia (1991, with amendments through 2011) art. 78:
http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=239363 (2016)
Law on Election of Members of Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia (LEMP), Art. 37 (3): https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/1112/file/83bf975af213a79ac697299021d5.pdf
|
2020/04/15
|
|
Malawi
|
b. No
|
|
2025/04/14
|
|
Maldives
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution 1998.
|
2004/08/24
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
b. No
|
|
2005/02/23
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
a. Yes
|
Art. 9, Sec. 11: A State may provide that one of its seats is set aside for a traditional leader who shall be chosen as provided by statute for a 2 year term, in lieu of one representative elected on the basis of population. The number of congressional districts shall be reduced and reapportioned accordingly.
However, it is not clear as to what a 'traditional leader' means.
Source:
Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article. 9, Section 11: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/constitution/article9.htm (2021)
|
2021/03/24
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
a. Yes
|
Citizenship is often the fundamental requirement for eligibility. Accordingly, the
requirements for citizenship impact on eligibility to vote. The following are examples of the kind of impact that laws regulating citizenship may have:
– If ethnicity is a requirement for citizenship, it may discriminate against
persons who belong to national minorities that do not share that ethnic origin;
– A requirement for acquired citizenship that both parents must be citizens may
operate in a way that discriminates against a national minority, particularly
one that has been the subject of shifting national boundaries;
– Restrictions on dual citizenship may detrimentally affect national minorities;
Source:
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/4/0/103866.pdf 5.1.2
The prohibition against discrimination
|
2021/03/30
|
|
Monaco
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution;
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002
|
2012/04/27
|
|
Montenegro
|
a. Yes
|
Article 39: There may be at least 1/3 and at the most as many candidates as are being elected on the candidate list for election of members of parliament submitted by groups of voters or political parties which represent a minority nation or a
minority ethnic community (as opposed to 2/3 usually).
Article 43: A candidate list for election of councillors or MPs may be accepted if it has been supported by signatures of at least 0.8% of voters out of the number of voters in the electoral district, counting according to the data on the number of voters in the elections which preceded the decision to call for elections, regardless of whether those were elections for the president of Montenegro or parliamentary elections. As an exception to para. 1 of this Article, candidate lists for election of councillors of political parties or groups of voters which represent a minority nation or a minority ethnic community may be accepted if supported by the signatures of at least 150 voters, that is, for election of members of parliament it may be accepted if supported by the signatures of at least 1,000 voters who are exercising the right referred to in Article 94 para. 2 of this Law. In municipalities in which the seat of a councillor in previous elections was equal or less than 150 votes, candidate lists for election of councillors may be accepted if supported by the number of signatures of voters which is less by one compared to the number of votes equal to one councillor seat in the previous elections for the relevant municipal assembly.
A candidate list for election of members of parliament which represents a minority nation or a minority ethnic community which constitutes up to 2% of the Montenegrin population according to the last census results may be accepted if supported by the signatures of at least 300 voters.
Article 94: 1) candidate lists for election of MPs members of a certain national minority or minority ethnic community indicated in the application to contest elections or in the title of the candidate list, if none of them meet the requirement referred to in para.1 of this Article, or if they individually receive at least 0.7% of valid votes, shall acquire the right to participate in the allocation of seats as a single - general candidate list with the total number of valid votes received, provided that aggregation that ensures the winning of up to three seats shall be allowed for the purposes of computating the number of seats;
2) where none of the candidate lists for election of MPs members of the Croatian people in Montenegro meets the requirements referred to in para.1 of this Article and item 1 of this paragraph, the most successful of them, with at least 0.35% valid ballots, shall acquire the right to one MP seat;
3) candidate lists for election of MPs members of a certain minority nation or minority ethnic community indicated in the application to contest elections or title of the candidate list, where none of them meets the requirement referred to in para.1 of this Article, shall acquire the right to participate in the allocation of seats individually, with the number of valid votes they have received.
The right referred to in para.2 item 1 of this Article shall be used by candidate lists of members of a certain (of the same) minority nation or of a certain (of the same) minority ethnic community, whose share is up to 15% in the total population of the electoral district, according to the last population census data. The right referred to in para.2 item 3 of this Article shall be used by candidate lists of members of a certain (of the same) minority nation or of a certain (of the same) minority ethnic community, whose share is up to 15% in the total population at state level and from 1.5% to 15% in the total population in the territory of a municipality, Administrative Capital or Historic Royal Capital, according to the last population census data.
Source:
Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives as amended in 2016, art. 39, 43, 94.
https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2020)031-e
|
2023/09/25
|
|
Morocco
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, part 3, article 37.
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/05
|
|
Nepal
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution 1990, article 46.
|
2004/08/16
|
|
Netherlands
|
b. No
|
Not mentioned in Constitution or Elections Act
|
2016/03/04
|
|
New Caledonia
|
b. No
|
|
2003/07/01
|
|
New Zealand
|
a. Yes
|
The Maori seats.
Source:
Election Commission Official Website: http://www.elections.org.nz/enrolment/maori-option-now/ (2010)
https://www.loc.gov/law/help/elections/newzealand.php
|
2024/07/02
|
|
Niger
|
b. No
|
|
2005/01/21
|
|
Nigeria
|
b. No
|
|
2015/02/14
|
|
Niue
|
b. No
|
Source:
Niue Constitution Act 1978 Part 2, Article 16, Section 2
|
2005/02/22
|
|
Norway
|
b. No
|
But the distribution of 8 additional representatives "at large" are alloted to parties that are under-represented in proportion to the votes cast for them nationwide.
Source:
Constitution, Art.59
|
2002/06/05
|
|
Palestine
|
a. Yes
|
For Christians and for Jewish Samaritans in Nablus.
Source:
EL.5
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea Part 6 Article 101
|
2005/03/02
|
|
Paraguay
|
b. No
|
Source:
Law N. 834.
|
2003/11/26
|
|
Portugal
|
a. Yes
|
|
2024/07/02
|
|
Romania
|
a. Yes
|
If a minority group obtains at least 5 % of the average number of validly expressed votes throughout the country, they gain one deputy mandate.
Source:
Constitution, article 59.
Law on Election of the Parliament, article 4.
|
2004/11/22
|
|
Russian Federation
|
b. No
|
|
2016/05/31
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
b. No
|
|
2020/04/14
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
b. No
|
|
2002/05/23
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
b. No
|
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Samoa
|
a. Yes
|
Subject to this Article, women Members of the Legislative Assembly shall consist of a minimum of 10% of the Members of the Legislative Assembly. If, following any general election: all members elected are men, the prescribed number of women candidates (if any) with the highest number of votes shall become additional Members.
Source:
Samoa Constitution, Article 44 (1A) and (1B): https://www.palemene.ws/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-Eng.pdf (2021)
|
2021/04/09
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
b. No
|
|
2021/06/17
|
|
Senegal
|
a. Yes
|
15 seats in the National Assembly are reserved for Senegalese in the diaspora. 4 seats for Africa, 2 seats in Europe, 1 in Oceania-America, 3 in Asia-Middle East with a limit of 3 seats per regional zone.
Source:
http://archive.ipu.org/parline/reports/2277.htm
|
2019/02/21
|
|
Serbia
|
b. No
|
The National Assembly does not explicitly reserve seats for any particular group. However, parties or coalitions of national minorities with a sufficient amount of support may submit national minority electoral lists to be approved by the Republic Electoral Commission.
Source:
Electoral Law: Law on the Elections of Representatives, art. 137.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/serbia-law-on-elections-of-representatives-updated/view
|
2022/07/05
|
|
Seychelles
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
|
2025/02/25
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
b. No
|
Pure proportional representation system at the national level, for the 68 ordinary members. The 12 paramount chief members are elected according to plurality system in single member districts.
|
2005/06/28
|
|
Slovakia
|
b. No
|
Source:
Mrs. Lívia Skultétyová, Head of the Election department, Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic, +421-7/4333 8662
|
2002/06/18
|
|
Slovenia
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
Constitution, article 80.
Electoral Code, articles 2 and 95.
|
2002/08/27
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
b. No
|
|
2004/04/29
|
|
Somalia
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
article 29 of transitional charter
|
2005/04/06
|
|
Spain
|
b. No
|
There should be a minimum of 2 seats per province. Some political parties set a 25 % quota of women in their lists. However, this is not regulated.
Source:
Electoral Law 5/1985 of 19 June, Art. 162(2)
|
2012/04/17
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution 1978: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LK/sri-lanka-constitution-as-amended-up-to-9/at_download/file
|
2016/01/28
|
|
Sudan
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
General Elections Law (Law No. 15, 1998), chapter 9.
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/06
|
|
Sweden
|
b. No
|
Source:
The Instrument of Government, Ch. 3, Art. 6: Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Start/Bestall/Sprakversioner/English---engelska1/Sveriges-grundlagar-och-riksdagsordningen1/ (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 149;
Federal Law of 17 December 1976 (as amended) regulating political rights, Art. 40, 41, 42, 43: http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/161_1/index.html (2012);
|
2012/05/11
|
|
Taiwan
|
a. Yes
|
|
2020/03/26
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
a. Yes
|
Thirty percent seats are reserved for women.
Source:
Constitution - Article 66 (1) (b): https://www.inec.go.tz/uploads/documents/sw-1714455356-1.%20sw-1675190712-sw1499671152-Katiba_ya_Tanzania.pdf
|
2025/12/01
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
b. No
|
|
2001/09/14
|
|
Tonga
|
a. Yes
|
There shall be elected by the Nobles of the Kingdom from their number nine nobles as representatives of the nobles and there shall be elected by electors duly qualified nine representatives of the people. The Legislative Assembly shall determine how both classes of representatives shall be apportioned amongst the various districts. (Con. S.60)
Source:
Constitution Section 60: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/Tonga%20Act%20of%20Constitution%201988.pdf/view (2021)
|
2021/09/13
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
b. No
|
Source:
Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago, Article 46-49
|
2015/05/21
|
|
Tunisia
|
a. Yes
|
Candidate lists must alternate between men and women. Candidate lists in constituencies with four or more seats must include among the first four candidates a male and female candidate younger than 36.
Source:
Election for Parliament, Tunisian Republic, http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2746/
|
2016/06/03
|
|
Turkey
|
b. No
|
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 4: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Tuvalu
|
b. No
|
|
2003/07/28
|
|
Uganda
|
a. Yes
|
30 members are elected from electoral colleges representing Special Interest Groups. These comprise 5 seats for youth, 5 for workers, 5 for persons with disabilities (PWDs), and 10 for the Uganda People’s Defence Force (UPDF).
Source:
1. Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 78 (c): https://ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf (2025).
2. Parliamentary Elections Act as amended in 2010, art. 8 (2) (a-d): https://ec.or.ug/docs/parliamentary%20election%20Act%202005.pdf.
|
2025/12/02
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
b. No
|
Source:
http://www.parliament.uk/business/lords/whos-in-the-house-of-lords/
|
2016/04/11
|
|
United States of America
|
b. No
|
|
2000/08/21
|
|
Uruguay
|
b. No
|
Source:
Mr. Carlos Urruty, President, Corte Electoral
|
2002/06/18
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
a. Yes
|
|
2009/08/18
|
|
Vanuatu
|
b. No
|
|
2016/01/26
|
|
Venezuela
|
a. Yes
|
The native towns of the Republic Bolivariana of Venezuela, choose three representatives according to the electoral law.
Source:
Constitución, art. 186
|
2003/08/01
|
|
Viet Nam
|
b. No
|
Noticeably, the 2015 Law fixes a minimum rate of ethnic minority people and women to be nominated to stand for the election of deputies to the National Assembly. Accordingly, at least 18 percent of the total number of deputy candidates on the official list are ethnic minority people and at least 35 percent of them are women.
Source:
Law on Election of National Assembly Deputies, article 10
|
2021/04/07
|
|
Yemen
|
a. Yes
|
Source:
http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2353_A.htm
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/08
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
b. No
|
|
2018/10/30
|
