|
total countries/territories: 110
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Afghanistan
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
d. Foreign/International Observers
|
Source:
Afghan Electoral Law:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/afghanistan-election-law-2014-english/view (2014).
|
2016/10/11
|
|
Albania
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
e. Other
|
Political parties, coalitions registered with the CEC, their candidates as well as independent candidates registered with a ZEC or LGEC.
Source:
Electoral code, articles 146, 2 item 25
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Algeria
|
a. Candidates
|
Source:
Electoral Law
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2006/11/17
|
|
American Samoa
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
Source:
American Samoa Code Annotated Title 6 Elections 6.0223 (a), and 6.0902
|
2017/08/18
|
|
Argentina
|
b. Parties
e. Other
|
Only governing bodies of parties through their representatives.
Source:
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral Nacional — Ley 19945”, art. 110 y 111: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-19945-codigo-electoral-nacional-2019/ (2019);
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Austria
|
b. Parties
|
Source:
Regulation on the Election of the Federal Council (1992), paragraph 6-
|
2003/09/12
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
e. Other
|
112.1. Voters, candidates, registered candidates, political parties, blocs of political parties, referendum campaign groups, agents of registered candidates, political parties, blocs of political parties, referendum campaign groups, observers, and election commissions may file complaints.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan as amended in 2016, art. 112.1: https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7885/file/Azerbaijan_Election_am2017_en.pdf (2017).
|
2022/01/28
|
|
Bahamas
|
a. Candidates
|
Or the agents of the candidates.
Source:
EL: 72.
|
2002/10/03
|
|
Bahrain
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
Any person may file an oral or written complaint of any election irregularity with a member of the board of election present at the polling place.
A petition for recount may be filed by any candidate in an election who believes that there was fraud or error committed in the casting, canvassing, or return of the votes cast at said election. The petition shall be filed with the National Election Director.
Source:
The National Election code, Title 9, Section 807: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/title09/T09_Ch08.htm (2021);
The National Election Code, Title 9, Section 901 (1): http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/title09/T09_Ch09.htm (2021)
|
2024/08/20
|
|
Bangladesh
|
a. Candidates
|
Not directly mentioned in the Constitution.
Source:
S. M. Asaduzzaman; Public Relations Officer; Bangladesh Election Commission. Email: [email protected]
|
2006/05/23
|
|
Barbados
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
An election petition may be presented by:
(a) a person who voted as an elector at an election which is being questioned or who had a right to vote; or
(b) a person claiming to have had a right to be elected or returned at the election; or
(c) a person alleging himself to have been a candidate at the election.
Source:
Constitution, Ch.3, Section 37.
|
2006/11/17
|
|
Belarus
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
d. Foreign/International Observers
|
Source:
Ms. Lidia Ermoshina - Chairperson of the Central Commission of the Republic of the Belarus on Elections and Holding of Republican Referendums. [email protected]
|
2002/08/21
|
|
Belgium
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Art. 231, 232
|
2012/05/04
|
|
Belize
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
The Petitioner may be a person who voted or had the right to vote, or was a candidate at the election.
Source:
Schedule Four, Representation of the People Act
|
2006/11/17
|
|
Benin
|
a. Candidates
|
Source:
Article 49 alinéa 3 de la constitution.
|
2005/01/17
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
d. Foreign/International Observers
e. Other
|
Source:
Election Law, Article 6.2, Article 17.9
|
2006/12/11
|
|
Brazil
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
|
Source:
Electoral Code - Law No. 4,737, of July 15, 1965, Article 169:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
Election Law – Law No. 9,504, of September 30, 1997, Article 66 (3), 69, 71, 92:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/lei-das-eleicoes/lei-das-eleicoes-lei-nb0-9.504-de-30-de-setembro-de-1997
|
2024/10/18
|
|
Bulgaria
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Elections of Members of Parliament Act, article 24. paragraph (3), article 28 paragraph (8)-(9), article 32 paragraph (4), article 40 paragraph (3), article 48 paragraph (3) and article 58. paragraph (1).
Presidential Elections Act, article 7 paragraph (2), article 10(f) paragraph (3), article 10(n) paragraph (1)-(5) and article 18 paragraph (3).
Political Parties Act, article 9 paragraph (4) and article 23. paragraph (2).
|
2007/01/31
|
|
Cameroon
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
e. Other
|
Toute personne ayant qualité d'agent du gouvernement pour l'élection concernée.
Cependant la saisine de la commission départementale de supervision peut être faite par tout électeur inscrit par tout électeur inscrit sur la liste électorale de la circonscription, par toute personne ayant fait une demande d'inscription ou de radiation ou par les partis politiques.
Source:
Article 48 alinéat 2 pur ce qui est de la saisine de la cour suprême et article 43 de la deuxième partie du code electorale en ce qui concerne la commission départementale de supervision.
|
2003/07/01
|
|
Canada
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
e. Other
|
Anyone who has evidence that a provision of the Canada Elections Act has been violated may file a written complaint with the Commissioner of Canada Elections no later than six months after the offence was committed. The Commissioner may instigate prosecution if he or she has reasonable belief that an electoral offence has been committed. Election results can be contested by any candidate or qualified elector in the competent court.
Source:
Elections Canada
|
2006/12/11
|
|
Cape Verde
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
|
Source:
Fernando Monteiro, Member of the Electoral Commission, Cape Verde, fam(a)mailcvtelecom.cv
|
2002/06/13
|
|
Chile
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Electoral law, 18.700 art. 96
|
2007/01/04
|
|
Colombia
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
e. Other
|
Empowered and electoral witnesses.
Source:
Código Electoral, art. 192
|
2003/07/29
|
|
Croatia
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
c) 100 voters or 5% of the voters in the constituency.
Source:
Electoral Code, articles 96 to 102.
|
2002/08/23
|
|
Cyprus
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
e. Other
|
e) The General State Attorney
Source:
Electoral Law 72 of 1979 as amended, Art. 57 (2)
|
2012/04/26
|
|
Czech Republic
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Various people or institutions have the right to submit cases to the courts--it depends on what matter is disputed. Generally this right belongs to voters, political parties, political movements, and candidates.
Source:
Art 87-88 of the Act on election to the Parliament of the Czech Republic (no. 247/1995 LD)
|
2002/06/26
|
|
Denmark
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Election Act, chapter 11, part 11, art. 88(1)
|
2015/06/08
|
|
Djibouti
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
|
|
2005/05/13
|
|
Dominica
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
People who have the right to submit cases: the person who voted or had a right to vote at the election to which the petition relates; the person claiming to have had a right to be returned at the election; the person alleging himself to have been a candidate at the election.
Source:
EL: 65.
|
2003/01/21
|
|
Ecuador
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
|
Through the Art.96 of the Organic Law of Elections.
The Regulation to the Law of Elections that is effective was published in the supplement of the Official Registration N¡39 of date March,20.2000.
Source:
Organic Law of Elections, Art.96 and Arts.71 and 79 of Regulate to the Organic Law of Elections.
|
2006/11/17
|
|
Eritrea
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Election Act, art. 61-64
|
2011/06/21
|
|
Fiji
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Anybody seems to have this right. There is nothing in the Electoral Act or the Constitution to specify.
Source:
Kameli Koto, Deputy Supervisor of Elections, 15/07/2002
|
2003/06/30
|
|
Finland
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
c) Every eligible voter
Source:
Election Act 714/1998 as amended, Section 101
|
2012/05/21
|
|
France
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
e. Other
|
c) Registered voters
e) Members of the City Council;
The Ministry of Interior can submit cases to the Supreme administrative court for European parliament elections.
Source:
Municipal and regional elections: Electoral code, Art. L222, L248, L361;
European parliament elections: Law No. 77-729 of 7 July 1977 on the election of representatives to the European Parliament, Art. 25;
Legislative ans Senate elections: Electoral Code, Art. LO179; Decree 58-1067 of 7 November 1958 on the Constitutional Court, Art. 33
|
2012/05/02
|
|
French Polynesia
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Article LO180 and L.25(1).
|
2004/01/15
|
|
Germany
|
c. Voters
e. Other
|
e) Each voter, each group of voters, each national returning officer, the Federal Returning Officer and the President of the Bundestag can make an objection.
Source:
Electoral scrutiny law (Wahlprüfungsgesetz), § 2 (2)
https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/dam/jcr/d22395a1-65b2-46d1-8925-ef240afd8aac/wahlpruefungsgesetz_engl.pdf
|
2021/11/16
|
|
Ghana
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
|
2005/07/01
|
|
Guyana
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Dr. Steve Surujbally, President of the Elections Commissions,
elections(a)sdnp.gy
|
2006/11/21
|
|
Hungary
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
The affected legal person has also the right to submit cases to the agency (ies) which adjudicates formal disputes.
Source:
Act C/1997 Art 77.
|
2002/07/05
|
|
Iceland
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Björn Fridfinnsson, Ministry of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs, bjorn.fridfinnsson(a)dkm.stjr.is
|
2002/07/11
|
|
India
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
(1) An election petition calling in question any election may be presented on one or more of the grounds specified in [sub-section (1)] of section 100 and section 101 to the [High Court] by any candidate at such election or any elector [within forty-five days from, but not earlier than the date of election of the returned candidate, or if there are more than one returned candidate at the election and the dates of their election are different, the later of those two dates].
'Any elector or candidate can file an election petition if he or she thinks there has been malpractice during the election'
Source:
RP Act, Section 81
|
2024/06/18
|
|
Ireland
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
A petition may be presented by any person who is registered or entitled to be registered as a Dáil elector in the constituency.
Source:
Electoral Act 1992, Art. 132(4)
|
2012/05/10
|
|
Italy
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
|
Source:
Electoral Law: "Testo Unico delle Leggi Elettorali", Art. 76
|
2012/04/16
|
|
Japan
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Electoral Code, articles 204 and 208.
|
2003/06/30
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
d. Foreign/International Observers
e. Other
|
Courts and public prosecutor bodies shall be obliged to accept applications from the members of the election commissions, citizens, representatives of the public associations registered in the statutory order concerning the issues of conducting the voting, including infringements of election legislation, that have been received during preparation and conduct of elections, and shall consider them within five days, while the applications received less than five days prior to the voting or on Election Day shall be considered immediately.
Decisions and actions of the bodies of the local administration and local government, enterprises and organizations, their officials, which infringes the electoral legislation, shall be appealed in the court.
Courts, public prosecutor bodies and the election commissions shall organize their work during the electoral process, including the weekends and the day of elections, in a way that they can ensure receipt and consideration of appeals within the terms established by this Constitutional Act.
The applications from citizens and organizations about infringement of the electoral legislation shall be considered by the election commissions within five days since the submission of the complaint unless otherwise is not stipulated by this Constitutional Act.
The complaints on decisions and actions (inactivity) taken by the election commission and its members shall be considered by the superior commission within three days from the date of the submission of a complaint, if otherwise is not stipulated by this Constitutional Act. (Constitutional Law on Elections, Art. 49)
Source:
Constitutional Law on Elections of the Republic of Kazakhstan, amended as of June 29, 2018, Art. 49: https://www.election.gov.kz/eng/election-legal-framework/the-laws-of-the-rk.php
|
2024/10/17
|
|
Kenya
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
The Constitution of Kenya, art. 87, 140
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Kiribati
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
e. Other
|
(A) any question under paragraph (a) of the preceding subsection may be made by any person entitled to vote in the electoral district, and at the election, to which the application relates or by any person who was a candidate in that district at that election or by the Attorney-General;
(b) any question under paragraph (b) of the preceding subsection may be made by any person entitled to vote at an election in the electoral district for which the member concerned was returned or by any elected member of member of the Maneaba or by the Attorney-General
Source:
Article 60(1), Constitution
|
2020/05/01
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
While candidates and parties are entitled to submit cases concerning both the validity of election and the validity of the decision of the elected, voters are entitled to submit cases concerning the validity of election only.
Source:
AEP, articles 219, 222 and 223.
|
2002/12/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
An application to the High Court for the determination of any question under subsection (1)(a) may be made by any Senator or by any person who is registered as an elector in elections to the National Assembly or by the Attorney-General and, if it is made by a person other than the Attorney-General, the Attorney-General may intervene and may then appear or be represented in the proceedings.
Source:
Constitution of Lesotho, art. 69(2): http://www.gov.ls/documents/Lesotho_Constitution.pdf
|
2015/03/03
|
|
Lithuania
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
d. Foreign/International Observers
e. Other
|
e. Domestic Observers
Source:
Electoral Law: Republic of Lithuania Law on Elections to the Seimas, last amended on 14 December 2010 — No XI-1226, Art. 86(1)
|
2016/02/02
|
|
Luxembourg
|
c. Voters
|
c) All voters
Source:
Electoral law of 18 February 2003, Art. 276
|
2015/06/05
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Art. 147: (1)The procedure for the protection of the right to vote is urgent.(2) The submissions (complaints and appeals) for the protection of the right to vote shall be submitted directly to the competent bodies via the institutions that have made the previous decisions.
Art. 148: (1)Each submitter of a list of candidates in the procedure for voting, tabulating and determining the results has the right to submit a complaint to the State Election Commission.
Art. 149: (1) Every voter whose individual voting right has been violated in the election procedure may submit a complaint to the State Election Commission within 24 hours.
Art. 149a: (1)Any voter whose individual voting right has been violated at any stage of the electoral process may submit a complaint to the State Election Commission within 24 hours.
Source:
Electoral Code of The Republic of Macedonia (consolidated version as of February 2019), Art. 147, 148, 149, 149a:
https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/electoral_code_of_the_republic_of_north_macedonia_february_2019_english.pdf
|
2020/04/16
|
|
Maldives
|
e. Other
|
The article prescribes that "any person" who has knowledge of the commission of a prohibited act or suspicion of one can make a petition.
Source:
Law on General Elections, article 29.
|
2004/08/24
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
e. Other
|
Other - Anybody
Source:
Elections and Referenda Act 1980 section 180 clause 1
|
2005/02/23
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
Any person may file an oral or written complaint of any election irregularity with a member of the board of election present at the polling place.
A petition for recount may be filed by any candidate in an election who believes that there was fraud or error committed in the casting, canvassing, or return of the votes cast at said election. The petition shall be filed with the National Election Director.
Source:
The National Election code, Title 9, Section 807: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/title09/T09_Ch08.htm (2021);
The National Election Code, Title 9, Section 901 (1): http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/title09/T09_Ch09.htm (2021)
|
2021/03/25
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
a. Candidates
|
) Voters and candidates may challenge the actions/inactions and decisions made by the electoral
councils and bureaus, as well as the actions/inactions of candidates. A complaint may be lodged with a Court,
following a preliminary appeal submitted to the electoral body hierarchically superior to the one, which
decision is subject to challenge, except for the complaints related to the actions/inactions of candidates lodged
directly to Court, and the complaints referring to the exercise of the right to vote or to the administration of
elections lodged to the electoral bureau on the Election Day
Source:
electoral-code article 71
|
2021/04/05
|
|
Monaco
|
c. Voters
|
c) Any voter has the right to form an appeal
Source:
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002, Art. 52;
https://legimonaco.mc/tnc/loi/1968/02-23-839/
Constitution, Art. 55
https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2013)021-e
|
2023/09/11
|
|
Montenegro
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Article 107: 1. Each voter, candidate and candidate list submitting entity shall be entitled to lodge an objection
to the competent election commission due to a voting right breach during the election process.
Source:
Electoral Law: Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives as amended in 2011, art. 107-110.
https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2020)031-e
|
2023/09/27
|
|
Morocco
|
a. Candidates
|
Source:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/misc/62764464563a631628-642627646648646/view
|
2016/08/15
|
|
Nepal
|
a. Candidates
|
Source:
Constitution, article 106.
|
2004/08/16
|
|
Netherlands
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Any interested party or any voter may appeal against a decision as referred to in section I 4 to the Administrative Jurisdiction Division of the Council of State.
Complaints on voter registration and registration of political groupings or candidates can be submitted to the electoral or administrative body dealing with those issues. However, the Act does not provide the possibility to file formal complaints with the electoral administration on other issues. Instead, individuals attending meetings of different levels of the election administration can make oral objections. Voters present in polling stations may also register objections, which are included in the official report.
Source:
Elections Act: Ch. I, Section I7: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/NL/netherlands-elections-act-2010/at_download/file
OSCE/ODHIR 2012 Asssessment Mission Report, ch. IX: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/NL/the-netherlands-elections-assessment-mission/at_download/file
|
2016/03/17
|
|
New Caledonia
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Article L.180 and L.25(1).
|
2003/11/28
|
|
New Zealand
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
An election petition to which section 229(3) applies may be presented to the High Court by 1 or more of the following persons:
(a)
a person who voted or had a right to vote at the election:
(b)
a person claiming to have had a right to be elected or returned at the election:
(c)
a person alleging himself or herself to have been a constituency candidate at the election.
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act 1993, art. 230:1
|
2024/07/02
|
|
Niger
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Articles 91 et 92 du Code Electoral
|
2005/01/21
|
|
Nigeria
|
a. Candidates
|
|
2001/07/13
|
|
Niue
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
e. Other
|
e) Registrar of electors/EMB/Chief electoral officer
Any registered voter can submit cases. Any person can dispute that they should have been included on the roll (may also object to any name on the role).
Source:
Hagen Siosiskefu, Administration manger/election supervisor, Justice department
|
2006/12/19
|
|
Norway
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Electoral Law, Art.38, 70-71
|
2002/06/05
|
|
Pakistan
|
a. Candidates
|
Source:
Represenation of the People's Act, 1976
|
2002/06/18
|
|
Palestine
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
EL.24
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2006/11/21
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
Source:
Organic Law on National and Local-level Government Elections (1997) Part 18 Section 208 (c)
|
2005/03/02
|
|
Paraguay
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
|
The parties, movements and alliances agents will have active legitimacy. Also will the candidates, for internal elections.
Source:
Law N. 635, Article 41.
|
2009/07/05
|
|
Philippines
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Voters in Petitions for Quo Warrants (Sec. 253, OEC)
Source:
Art. 250, 251, 252, OEC
|
2005/07/08
|
|
Portugal
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
e. Other
|
Other: Agents of the candidates
Article 117
Judicial appeals
1 - Irregularities that occurred during voting or the partial or general counts may be considered
in a judicial appeal, on condition that they were the object of a challenge or protest lodged at
the time of the act in which they occurred.
2 - In addition to the person who lodged the challenge, protest or counter-protest, candidates,
their agents and the political parties who are competing for election in the constituency may
appeal against the decision on the challenge or protest in question.
Source:
Assembly of the Republic Electoral Law (Law No. 14/79 of May 16, 1979) as amended, Articles 117 (1,2):
https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/LeiEleitoralARen.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Romania
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 12, 16, 25, 27 (paragraph 1), 32 and 48.
|
2004/11/22
|
|
Russian Federation
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
e. Other
|
10. Appeals against decisions and actions (omissions) that violate electoral rights of citizens and the right of
citizens to participate in a referendum may be submitted by voters, referendum participants, candidates, their
agents, electoral associations, and their agents, other public associations, a referendum initiative group, its
authorized representatives, observers, and commissions.
Source:
Federal Law "On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum" as amended on July 21, 2005. (article 75).
|
2016/06/02
|
|
Rwanda
|
e. Other
|
Any individual
Source:
Rwanda laws governing elections Chapter 1 article 73. http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-organic-law-nb0-17-2003-of-07-07-2003/view
|
2018/11/02
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
e. Other
|
The High court has jurisdiction to hear and determine any question related with voters, candidates and members of National Assembly.
Source:
Article 36, Constitution
|
2020/04/15
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
Source:
EDSL.
|
2002/12/10
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
The following individuals have the right to submit election petitions to the Court: the person who voted or had a right to vote at the election to which the petition relates; the person claiming to have had a right to be returned at the election; the person alleging himself to have been a candidate at the election.
Source:
St. Vincent and the Grenadines: Electoral Law, article 57.
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Samoa
|
a. Candidates
|
Application to District Court for recount where any candidate has reason to believe that the declaration by the Commissioner of the number of votes received by a candidate is incorrect, and that on a recount the first-mentioned candidate might be found to be elected, he or she may, within 3 days after the public notice of the result of the election, apply to a District Court Judge for a recount of the votes.
Source:
The Electoral Act 2019, Article 85: https://www.palemene.ws/wp-content/uploads/Electoral-Act-2019-Eng.pdf (2021)
|
2021/04/09
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
e. Other
|
Candidates or their agents may dispute the results of elections and file appeals.
Source:
Electoral Law of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe n.º 11/90 of 26 November 1990, art. 163, 164: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ST/sao-tome-e-principe-electoral-law
|
2021/06/18
|
|
Serbia
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
The submitter of the electoral list, a political party, a parliamentary group, a candidate
for a Member of Parliament, a voter and a person whose name is in the name of the electoral
list or of the submitter of the electoral list may file a complaint when so stipulated by this
Law.
Source:
Electoral Law: Law on Election of Members of Parliament, art. 150.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/serbia-law-on-elections-of-representatives-updated/view
|
2022/07/06
|
|
Seychelles
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
e. Other
|
Other: the Attorney General
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011), Art. 51(4)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
Art. 51(3) The Constitutional Court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine whether a person has been validly elected to the office of President.
Art. 51(4) An application under clause (3) may be made by a person entitled to vote at an election of the President, a person who was a candidate at the election or the Attorney General.
|
2025/02/27
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
|
2005/06/30
|
|
Slovakia
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Electoral Law, Art.38, 70-71
|
2019/03/07
|
|
Slovenia
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
With regards to irregularities in the work of the electoral committee or the district electoral commission at elections, each candidate, each representative of a list of candidates and each voter shall have the right to lodge an appeal with the constituency electoral commission.
Source:
Electoral Code, article 106.
|
2002/08/27
|
|
Somalia
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
regulations of political parties and party law no. 14/2000
|
2005/04/06
|
|
South Africa
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
|
2024/12/04
|
|
Spain
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
e. Other
|
e) The agents of the parties that took part in the elections in that constituency.
Source:
Electoral Law 5/1985 of 19 June ("Ley Organica del Régimen Electoral General"), Art. 110
|
2012/04/17
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
a. Candidates
e. Other
|
An election petition may be presented to the SUpreme Court by any one or more of the following persons, namely
(A) a person who was a candidate at an election under the Act and claims to have had a right to be returned or election at such election;
(B) any person who signed the nomination paper or papers of any candidate referred to in paragraph (a)
Source:
The Parliamentary Elections Act 1981, Art. 93: https://cmev.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/presidential_election_act.pdf
|
2016/02/04
|
|
Sudan
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Candidates, parties, voters and other persons have the right to submit cases to the committee in the voting center and this sub-committee will submit these cases to the higher committee, which decides if the Special Electoral Tribunal need to be contacted.
Source:
Law for behavior in the Elections 1994, Article 8.
General Rules and Regulations for the Elections 1999, section 13, article 66B.
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/06
|
|
Sweden
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
The Instrument of Government, Ch. 3, Art. 12: Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Start/Bestall/Sprakversioner/English---engelska1/Sveriges-grundlagar-och-riksdagsordningen1/ (2012);
Electoral Law of 2005, Ch. 15, Section 3 - 15: http://www.val.se/pdf/2005_elections_act.pdf (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 17 December 1976 regulating political rights, Art. 77: Official website of the Swiss administration: http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/161_1/index.html (2012)
|
2012/05/11
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
|
2001/09/17
|
|
Tonga
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
e. Other
|
Other: petitions may also be presented by "people who had the right to vote" and a person alleging himself to have been a candidate at the election, as well as candidates and voters.
Source:
Electoral Act Part V Section 26: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/tonga-electoral-act-1989-1 (2021)
|
2021/09/13
|
|
Tunisia
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
d. Foreign/International Observers
|
With regard to legislative elections, the appeal must be filed by the head of the candidate list, one of its members, or the legal representative of the party, against the results announced in the constituency where they ran. As for presidential elections, the appeal must be filed by a candidate. In the context of a referendum, the appeal must be filed by a legal representative of a party which participated in the referendum.
Representatives of lists, candidates or parties, and observers may record their remarks about the functioning of the voting process in a memorandum to be mandatorily attached to the minutes of the voting process. There is no provision for individual voters to file petitions to the court challenging the results.
Source:
Electoral Law, chapter 4, section 7, article 128.
Updated on March 10, 2005
Organic Law n° 2014-16 of 26 May 2014 on Elections and Referenda, art. 27, 124, 145: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/view (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
The following may lodge objections against non definitive decisions of the boards or of the board chairmen mentioned in the present law: citizens who are eligible for standing for elections, political parties or the leaders of different sections of their organisation according to their internal regulations or their attorneys, witnesses, candidates and members of the Senate of the Republic and deputies.
Source:
Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 110: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Tuvalu
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Electoral law does not specify who can or cannot submit cases.
Source:
Afele Kitiona, Lawyer for Elections in Tuvalu, July 2002
Electoral Provisions.
|
2006/11/21
|
|
Ukraine
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
e. Other
|
a.) Candidates for deputies and their authorized persons.
1. The Central Election Commission may declare elections void if, during the course of their conduct or tabulation of votes, there were violations of this Law which influenced the outcomes of elections.
2. A request to declare the elections void can be submitted to the Central Election Commission by a person who nominated as a candidate for deputy, a political party, electoral bloc of parties whose lists of candidates for deputy were registered according to this Law, or by their authorized persons, as well as by the bodies of the procurator's office of Ukraine within ten days after the day of publicizing the results of the elections by the constituency election commission.
3. Decision of the Central Elections Commission to declare the elections void, to refuse to declare the elections void or non-adoption of a decision on this issue can be appealed to the court by the procedure established by law.
Source:
Law on Elections of Peoples Deputies of Ukraine, article 47 (1-3)
|
2014/05/23
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Representation of the People Act 1983, Art. 121
|
2016/04/11
|
|
United States of America
|
a. Candidates
e. Other
|
Rules differ according to different states, although federal law allows losing candidates are entitled to contest decisions.
Source:
Section 2, Federal Contested Election Act 1969
Article I, Section 4, United States Constitution
http://www.eac.gov/assets/1/Documents/Contested%20Elections%20&%20Recounts%201.pdf
|
2024/10/01
|
|
Uruguay
|
b. Parties
|
Source:
Electoral Law, chapters XVI, XVII, XVIII
|
2002/06/18
|
|
Vanuatu
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
An election petition may be presented by one or more of the following –
a person who is registered to vote at the election to which the petition relates;
(b) a person claiming himself to have been a candidate at such election.
Source:
Representation of the People Act Cap (146) Article 55 (a) and (b): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
|
2016/01/26
|
|
Venezuela
|
b. Parties
c. Voters
e. Other
|
e) Natural and juridical persons who have interest.
Source:
LOSPP, art. 236
|
2003/09/26
|
|
Viet Nam
|
e. Other
|
. All complaints about the election returns must be sent to the Election Council within ten days from
the date the Election Council announces the election result.
2. The Election Council shall have to consider and settle the complaints about the election result within
thirty days from the date of receiving them.
The Election Council’s decision on the settlement of the complaints shall be the final.
Source:
Law on Election of National Assembly Deputies, article 78
|
2021/03/23
|
|
Wallis and Futuna
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Article LO180, L.25 (1).
|
2004/01/15
|
|
Yemen
|
a. Candidates
|
Every candidate has the right to submit his case to the Superior Court.
Source:
Constitution, chapter 9, article 127.
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2006/04/25
|
|
Zanzibar
|
a. Candidates
c. Voters
e. Other
|
Anyone who had a right to vote in a given election, who claims to have been a candidate or who had a right to be nominated, or the Attorney General may submit an election petition.
Source:
Zanzibar Electoral Act No. 11 of 1984, including ammendments made by Act No. 8 of 1992; Act No 14 of 1992, and Act No. 5 of 1995. 15th May, 1995. Chapter VIII, 115 (1).
|
2002/09/25
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act, 160 D
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZW/zimbabwe-consolidated-electoral-act-amended-2018/view
|
2018/10/30
|
