|
total countries/territories: 101
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Albania
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
|
Source:
Ilirjan Celibashi, Chairman of the Central Election Commission (CEC), icelibashi(a)kqz.org.al
|
2003/06/10
|
|
Algeria
|
b. Legislative Committee
|
Source:
Constitution, art.119
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2006/11/17
|
|
American Samoa
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
|
Source:
American Samoa Code Annotated Title 6 Elections 6.0106 (a). Revised Constitution of American Samoa Article 2 The Legislature Section 1.
|
2017/08/18
|
|
Argentina
|
e. Legislature
f. Other
|
Laws in general, can originate in the Congress, projects presented by the legislators, or in the Executive Power.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la Nación Argentina — Ley 24430, texto oficial ordenado”, art. 77: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-constitucion-nacional-reformas-1994/ (2019);
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Austria
|
d. Specially Appointed Committee
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 26
|
2003/06/11
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
e. Legislature
|
The Milli Majlis of the Republic of Azerbaijan determines the general rules on the following matters: [...] Presidential elections, [...] election of the Milli Majlis, [...] municipal elections, [...] and referendums.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan, art. 94.1.2,3,4,7 (1995): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Azerbaijan_2016.pdf?lang=en (2016);
|
2021/08/03
|
|
Bahamas
|
b. Legislative Committee
|
Only Parliament is entitled to alter any part of the Constitution and to pass any bill.
Source:
C: 54.
|
2002/10/03
|
|
Bahrain
|
a. Election Management Body
e. Legislature
|
Proposals need to be ratified by the President. This seems to be a convention as there seems to be nothing in the law which legislates this.
Source:
Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop April 2002
|
2024/08/20
|
|
Bangladesh
|
a. Election Management Body
|
Source:
Constitution; Part VII; Article 124
|
2004/08/20
|
|
Barbados
|
a. Election Management Body
|
a.) Electoral and Boundaries Commission.
Source:
Donville Johnson, Chief Electoral Officer, Electoral and Boundaries Commission, Barbados, Donvillej(a)hotmail.com
|
2002/07/09
|
|
Belarus
|
c. Government
f. Other
|
Any of the representatives in Chamber 1 and Chamber 2 or 50.000 citizens.
Source:
Constitution, article 99.
|
2006/11/20
|
|
Belgium
|
b. Legislative Committee
|
b) The Parliament and the Senate
Source:
Constitution, Art. 195
|
2012/05/04
|
|
Belize
|
b. Legislative Committee
|
Any person or organization may propose electoral reforms. However, it is the entitlement of the Legislature (House of Representatives) to pass Bills on all matters. All bills must be assented by the Governor-General.
Source:
C: Sec. 55.
|
2004/10/27
|
|
Benin
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
f. Other
|
Il s'agit du gouvernement ou de l'Assemblée Nationale.
Source:
voir article 98 de la Constitution et 122 du code électoral.
|
2005/01/17
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
a. Election Management Body
c. Government
e. Legislature
|
Election Law, Article 2.9, Point 15 and Constitution/s.
Source:
Election Law, Article 2.9, Point 15 and Constitution/s.
|
2006/12/11
|
|
Brazil
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
f. Other
|
Other: Executive.
In Brazil, electoral reforms are primarily proposed by the Legislature, specifically by members of the National Congress, which consists of the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate.
Government: The Executive Branch (the President and the Ministry of Justice, through the Electoral Secretariat) may also propose electoral reforms, but these proposals must be approved by Congress to become law.
Specially Appointed Committee: In certain cases, special committees within Congress, or temporary parliamentary commissions, may be appointed to study and recommend electoral reforms, but they still require the approval of the Legislature.
The Election Management Body (TSE) does not propose reforms directly but may provide technical recommendations and insights to the legislature based on its experiences in administering elections.
Art. 45:
The Chamber of Deputies shall be composed of representatives of the people, elected by proportional representation, in each state and the Federal District, as prescribed by law.
§ 1ºThe number of Deputies shall be fixed by complementary law, according to the population of each state, the Federal District, and the Territories, observing the principle of proportionality.
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, Article 14, 16, 45 (1):
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Electoral Code - Law No. 4,737, of July 15, 1965, Article 1, 2 ,3:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
|
2024/10/18
|
|
Bulgaria
|
b. Legislative Committee
|
Source:
Mihail Konstantinov, Vice-chair of the Central Election Commissions of Bulgaria for Parliamentary and for Local Elections
|
2007/01/31
|
|
Canada
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
d. Specially Appointed Committee
|
Source:
Elections Canada
|
2010/06/15
|
|
Cape Verde
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
|
Source:
Fernando Monteiro, Member of the Electoral Commission, Cape Verde, fam(a)mailcvtelecom.cv
|
2002/06/13
|
|
Chile
|
e. Legislature
|
The President and Parliamentarians are the only ones who can propose legal initiatives.
Source:
Constitution, art. 62
|
2002/06/28
|
|
Colombia
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
|
Source:
Constitución, art. 150, 189 y 265
|
2003/07/29
|
|
Croatia
|
a. Election Management Body
|
Source:
Electoral Code, article 56(1).
|
2002/08/23
|
|
Cyprus
|
e. Legislature
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 61
|
2012/04/26
|
|
Czech Republic
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
e. Legislature
|
All reforms are implemented by legislative acts. Draft laws can be submitted by a deputy, a group of deputies, by the Senate, the Government, or by the representative body of a region.
Source:
Constitution, Art.41
|
2023/09/14
|
|
Denmark
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
|
Source:
Anne Birte Pade, Head of Election Unit, Ministry of Interior,
adp(a)im.dk
Klaus Josefsen, Election Unit, Ministry of Interior,
kjo(a)im.dk
|
2015/06/08
|
|
Dominica
|
b. Legislative Committee
|
Only the Parliament has the right to initiate laws in any matter. Every proposed bill and every proposed regulation or other instrument having the force of law relating to the registration of electors for the purpose of electing Representatives or to the election of Representatives and Senators shall be referred to the Election Commission and to the Chief Elections Officer at such a time as shall give them sufficient opportunity to make comments thereon before the bill is introduced in the House or, as the case may be, the regulation or instrument is made.
Source:
C: 41, 49 and Elections Office.
|
2002/12/14
|
|
Ecuador
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
e. Legislature
f. Other
|
The initiative in the presentation of electoral reforms it corresponds at President of the Republic, Deputies, Supreme Court, Commission of Legislation and Codification, and in these matters also to the Electoral Supreme Tribunal. It should also be considered the popular initiative.
Source:
Political Constitution, Arts.144,145 and 146
Organic Law of Elections, Art.21
|
2006/11/17
|
|
Fiji
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
f. Other
|
Government Departments
Source:
Kameli Koto, Deputy Supervisor of Elections, 15/07/2002
|
2003/06/30
|
|
Finland
|
c. Government
e. Legislature
|
e) Members of the Parliament
Source:
Constitution: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/21
|
|
France
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 24, 25
|
2012/05/02
|
|
French Polynesia
|
c. Government
|
|
2004/01/15
|
|
Germany
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
|
Bills may be introduced by the Federal Government, by the Bundesrat, or from the floor of the Bundestag.
Source:
Constitution, Ch.7, Art. 76 (1)
|
2021/11/16
|
|
Ghana
|
a. Election Management Body
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Ghana.
|
2005/07/01
|
|
Guyana
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
d. Specially Appointed Committee
|
Source:
Dr. Steve Surujbally, President of the Elections Commissions, elections(a)sdnp.gy
|
2004/09/03
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
d. Specially Appointed Committee
|
d) The Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
Source:
Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001, Art. 3: http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/3F574885-EAD5-47E9-A547-C3717005E861/2522/FundamentalLaw1.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Hungary
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
e. Legislature
|
Right to vote is a fundamental right, therefore based on art 8. (2) of the Constitution it can be regulated only by Acts of the Parliament. Propositions to modify the Law is entitled by the Government, any members of Parliament, President of the Republic or any Legislative Comittee (Standing orders Art 85).
Parliament must vote 2/3 majority to pass electoral reform.
Source:
Constitution, art 85.
|
2002/07/05
|
|
Iceland
|
c. Government
|
Both government and individual members of parliament can propose changes.
Source:
Björn Fridfinnsson, Ministry of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs, bjorn.fridfinnsson(a)dkm.stjr.is
|
2002/07/11
|
|
India
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
d. Specially Appointed Committee
|
Proposals can come from all of these institutions, many proposals are sent to the government.
Source:
https://loksabhadocs.nic.in/Refinput/New_Reference_Notes/English/04022020_105450_102120474.pdf
|
2024/06/18
|
|
Ireland
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
|
The Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government
Source:
Constitution, Art. 15(2);
Official Website of the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government: http://www.environ.ie/en/LocalGovernment/Voting/ (2012)
|
2012/05/10
|
|
Italy
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
|
The Parliament must approve the reform.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 72
|
2012/04/16
|
|
Jamaica
|
a. Election Management Body
|
Electoral Commission of Jamaica
|
2025/09/18
|
|
Japan
|
c. Government
f. Other
|
f. The Diet.
Source:
Constitution, article 47.
|
2003/07/04
|
|
Kenya
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
e. Legislature
f. Other
|
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
f. Other
|
f. All Koreans are entitled to propose electoral reforms. However, proposals submitted by the Election Commission are considered most seriously.
Source:
ECA, article 17.
|
2002/12/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
a. Election Management Body
|
Independent Electoral Commission
Source:
African Journals Online, "Electoral Reform and Political Stability in Lesotho," Electoral Process and Electoral Reform Imperatives:
http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajcr/article/viewFile/39379/30304
|
2015/03/09
|
|
Lithuania
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
f. Other
|
f) The President
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania (1992) as amended on 25 April 2006; Art.67
|
2014/05/21
|
|
Luxembourg
|
e. Legislature
|
Source:
Constitution
|
2012/04/23
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
f. Other
|
The right to propose adoption of a law is given to every Representative of the Assembly, to the Government of the Republic and to a group of at least 10,000 voters. The initiative for adopting a law may be given to the authorized instances by any citizen, group of citizens, institutions or associations.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia (1991, with amendments through 2011)
http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=239363 (2016)
|
2020/04/16
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
b. Legislative Committee
e. Legislature
|
Source:
Constitution of the Marshall Islands Article 4, section 1 clause 1
|
2005/02/23
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
a. Election Management Body
e. Legislature
|
Proposals need to be ratified by the President. This seems to be a convention as there seems to be nothing in the law which legislates this.
Source:
Burnell Edwards, FSM National Elections Director, interview at PIANZEA workshop April 2002
|
2005/02/17
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
f. Other
|
Political parties
The party claims the new system, introducing elements of first-past-the-post (FPTP) voting, will ‘bring policy-makers closer to their constituents’
Source:
https://www.chathamhouse.org/2017/05/moldovas-proposed-electoral-change-blow-democracy-eu-must-oppose-it
|
2021/04/01
|
|
Monaco
|
e. Legislature
f. Other
|
f) The Prince
Source:
Constitution, Art. 4
|
2023/09/11
|
|
Morocco
|
f. Other
|
The Superior Court
Source:
Morocco: Organic Law No. 27-11 on the House of Representatives http://aceproject.org/ero-en/misc/62764464563a631628-642627646648646/view
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Nepal
|
a. Election Management Body
|
Source:
Bishnu Pratap Shah, Former Chief Election Commissioner, interview, January 2004.
|
2004/08/16
|
|
Netherlands
|
c. Government
f. Other
|
e) Lower House itself. Electoral Council may advise the Government and/or the Parliament.
Source:
Mr. Gerard Boon, Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations,
Constitutional Affairs and Legislation Department, gerard.boon(a)minbzk.nl
|
2022/08/02
|
|
New Caledonia
|
c. Government
|
Government Department.
|
2003/11/28
|
|
New Zealand
|
b. Legislative Committee
e. Legislature
|
A committee of the House of Representatives.
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act 1993, art. 264:1
|
2024/07/02
|
|
Niger
|
d. Specially Appointed Committee
e. Legislature
f. Other
|
Le Gouvernement a l’initiative des lois concurremment avec les membres de l’Assemblée Nationale.
Toutefois, il arrive que la CENI pour pallier certaines difficultés liées à l’organisation d’un scrutin ou le Conseil National de Dialogue Politique (instance composée de tous les partis politiques) proposent au gouvernement la révision de certaines dispositions du Code Electoral.
Exemple : aux dernières élections 2004 le CNDP a proposé des modifications relatives au montant des cautions et à un certain nombre de délais légaux contenus dans le Code.
Source:
Art. 90 de la Constitution
|
2007/01/02
|
|
Nigeria
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
|
|
2001/11/08
|
|
Niue
|
b. Legislative Committee
e. Legislature
|
b) Members appointed by cabinet
d) A member of a the Niue Assembly can put forward a motion for change.
Source:
For B. Niue Constitution Act 1974 Article 3.
|
2006/12/19
|
|
Norway
|
c. Government
|
c) Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development
Source:
Steinar Dalbakk, Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development, Norway, Steinar.dalbakk(a)krd.dep.no
|
2002/06/19
|
|
Pakistan
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
|
Source:
Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
|
2002/06/18
|
|
Palestine
|
b. Legislative Committee
|
However, it is not clearly stipulated.
Source:
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
a. Election Management Body
e. Legislature
|
Electoral Commission in close consultation with the Legislative Council/NEC
Source:
Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea Section 109 clause 1
|
2007/01/11
|
|
Paraguay
|
e. Legislature
f. Other
|
Electoral reforms can be proposed by the President, Parlamentarians, the Supreme Court and by popular initiatives.
Source:
National Constitution of Paraguay, Article 230.
|
2009/07/05
|
|
Philippines
|
a. Election Management Body
|
Source:
Art. IX C, Sec. 2(7)
|
2005/07/08
|
|
Portugal
|
c. Government
e. Legislature
|
The President of the Republic has the competences.
Article 136
(Enactment and veto)
1. Within a time limit of twenty days counting from the receipt of any decree of the Assembly of the
Republic for enactment as a law, or of the publication of the decision in which the Constitutional Court
refrains from pronouncing the unconstitutionality of any norm contained therein, the President of the
Republic must enact the decree, or exercise the right of veto and send a message setting out the grounds
for doing so and requesting that the legislative act be reconsidered.
2. If the Assembly of the Republic confirms its vote by an absolute majority of all the Members of the
Assembly of the Republic in full exercise of their office, the President of the Republic must enact the
legislative act within a time limit of eight days counting from its receipt.
3. However, a majority that is at least equal to two thirds of all Members present and is greater than an
absolute majority of all the Members in full exercise of their office is required to confirm decrees that
take the form of organic laws, as well as to confirm those concerning the following matters:
3 c) Any regulation of the electoral acts provided for in the Constitution that does not take the form of an
organic law
Source:
Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Seventh Revision, 2005, Article 136 (3c):
https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/Constitution7th.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Romania
|
c. Government
|
|
2002/04/19
|
|
Russian Federation
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
f. Other
|
f) The President of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council, the members to the Federation Council, the deputies to the House of Representatives [State Duma], the Government of the Russian Federation and the legislative (representative) bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation have the right of legislative initiative. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation also have the right of legislative initiative within their jurisdiction.
Source:
The Constitution of the Russian Federation (article 104).
|
2016/06/02
|
|
Rwanda
|
a. Election Management Body
|
Source:
Rwanda laws governing elections. http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-organic-law-nb0-17-2003-of-07-07-2003/view
|
2018/11/02
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
b. Legislative Committee
|
Only Parliament can create laws. Nevertheless, every proposed bill and every proposed regulation or other instrument having the force of law relating to the registration of voters for the purpose of electing members of the House or to the election of members of the House shall be referred to the Electoral Commission and to the Chief Elections Officer at such time as shall give them sufficient opportunity to make comments thereon before the bill is introduced in the Senate or the House or, as the case may be, the regulation or other instrument is made.
Source:
C: 37 and 52.
|
2002/12/17
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
b. Legislative Committee
|
Only Parliament may make laws.
Source:
Constitution of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1979, article 37.
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Samoa
|
e. Legislature
|
Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may make laws for the whole or any part of Samoa and laws having effect outside as well as within Samoa.
Source:
Samoa Constitution, Article 43: https://www.palemene.ws/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-Eng.pdf (2021)
|
2021/04/09
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
a. Election Management Body
c. Government
|
|
2001/10/04
|
|
Serbia
|
c. Government
e. Legislature
|
The National Assembly shall enact laws and other general acts within the competence of the Republic of Serbia.
A right to propose laws, other regulations and general acts shall belong to every deputy, the Government, assemblies of autonomous provinces or at least 30,000 voters.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, art. 99, 107.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/constitution-of-the-republic-of-serbia-2006/view
|
2022/07/06
|
|
Seychelles
|
a. Election Management Body
|
Constitution, art. 116: The Electoral Commission shall review the existing legislation governing Electoral matters and make recommendations to the Government.
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011),art. 116
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
|
2025/02/27
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
a. Election Management Body
|
|
2005/06/30
|
|
Slovakia
|
c. Government
|
c) Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development
Source:
Steinar Dalbakk, Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development, Norway, Steinar.dalbakk(a)krd.dep.no
|
2002/07/05
|
|
Slovenia
|
c. Government
f. Other
|
The enactment of statutes by the National Assembly may be initiated by the Government, by individual Deputies of the National Assembly or by no less than five thousand voters.
Source:
Constitution, article 88.
|
2004/11/26
|
|
Somalia
|
a. Election Management Body
|
Source:
article 14(8) regulations of political parties and party law no. 14/2000
|
2005/04/06
|
|
South Africa
|
a. Election Management Body
e. Legislature
|
|
2024/12/04
|
|
Spain
|
b. Legislative Committee
f. Other
|
b) The Parliament and the Senate
f) The government
Source:
Constitution, Art. 81 and 87
|
2012/04/17
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
b. Legislative Committee
|
Source:
Constitution 1978.
|
2016/02/04
|
|
Sudan
|
d. Specially Appointed Committee
|
Source:
General Rules and Regulations for the Elections 1999, section 13, article 69.
Updated on March 10, 2005
|
2005/04/06
|
|
Sweden
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
d. Specially Appointed Committee
f. Other
|
Major changes in the electoral system are usually preceded by thorough negotiations on various levels to obtain as broad support as possible.
Source:
Hanns Lejsäter. Information Officer, Election Authority, Sweden.
valet(a)val.se
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
f. Other
|
c) Swiss Federal Chancery
f) Citizens may propose modification through the people initiative process.
Source:
Swiss Federal Constitution, Art. 179, 139
Swiss Federal Law of 17 December 1976 (as amended) on Political Rights, Art. 60 - 76
Hans Urs-Wili, Head of the Section of Political Rights, Swiss Federal Chancellery, hans-urs.wili(a)bk.admin.ch
|
2012/05/11
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
f. Other
|
|
2001/09/17
|
|
Tonga
|
f. Other
|
Tonga Electoral Commission
Source:
Electoral Commission Act 2010: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/tonga-electoral-commission-act-2010/view (2021)
|
2021/09/13
|
|
Tunisia
|
a. Election Management Body
c. Government
d. Specially Appointed Committee
e. Legislature
|
Tunisia's permanent EMB, called the Independent High Authority for Elections (ISIE), often reviews and proposes reforms as part of its powers and functions.
Source:
Tunisia: The Independent High Authority for the Elections:
http://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/em/electoral-management-case-studies/tunisia-the-independent-high-authority-for-the
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Tuvalu
|
c. Government
|
Source:
Afele Kitiona, Lawyer for Elections in Tuvalu, July 2002
|
2003/08/01
|
|
Ukraine
|
b. Legislative Committee
f. Other
|
b.) Any deputy of the Parliament
f.) The President
Source:
Svetlana Kravcova, Information Officer at the Central Election Commission, tel. +380-44-294-93-66
|
2014/05/22
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
d. Specially Appointed Committee
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The Government department is responsible for the legislation. The Electoral Commission proposes changes to electoral law.
Source:
Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Art. 9
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2016/04/11
|
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Uruguay
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a. Election Management Body
b. Legislative Committee
|
Source:
Mr. Carlos Urruty, President, Corte Electoral
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2002/06/18
|
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Vanuatu
|
a. Election Management Body
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The Electoral Commission shall not more than 3 months after receiving the report of the Principal Electoral Officer make a report to Parliament concerning the conduct of the election which shall include a statement on the overall cost thereof, information on difficulties encountered and how they were dealt with and recommendations for improvements and changes in procedure for future elections
Source:
Representation of the People Act Cap (146) Article 39 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
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2016/01/26
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Venezuela
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a. Election Management Body
|
Source:
Ley Orgánica del Poder Electoral.
|
2003/08/01
|
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Viet Nam
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b. Legislative Committee
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Source:
Law on Election of National Assembly Deputies, article 4, article 6, article 9-12
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2021/03/23
|
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Wallis and Futuna
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c. Government
|
|
2004/01/15
|
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Yemen
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a. Election Management Body
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Source:
General Elections and Referendum Law 2001, chapter 3, section 1, article 31 (a).
Updated on March 10, 2005
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2006/04/25
|
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Zanzibar
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a. Election Management Body
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The National Electoral Commission
Source:
The Eastern and Southern African Research Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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2006/11/21
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Zimbabwe
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b. Legislative Committee
c. Government
|
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2018/10/30
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