|
Pays/territoires 56
|
|---|
| Pays/Territoire |
Réponses |
Réponses |
Vérifié |
|
Albanie
|
a. Publique
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
Source:
Schmidt – Neke: Das politische System Albaniens, In: Ismayr: Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, 2. ed., 2004, pp. 836 et seq.
Lando: Albania, In. Media Ownership and its impact on Media independence and Pluralism
Freedom House
|
2012/02/21
|
|
Algérie
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
Source:
http://www.internews.org/arab_media_research/algeria.pdf
|
2005/05/07
|
|
Allemagne
|
c. Privée
|
Source:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Germany/Media-and-publishing
|
2021/11/20
|
|
Autriche
|
a. Publique
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
|
2005/06/09
|
|
Bahreïn
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
Freedom of speech and the press are sharply restricted. Privately-owned newspapers refrain from criticizing the regime, while radio and television are government-owned and offer only official propaganda. Bahrain's domestic radio and television stations are state-run. Some homes have access to satellite TV channels
Source:
http://www.freedomhouse.org/pfs99/reports.html
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/790690.stm#media
|
2006/05/08
|
|
Belarus
|
a. Publique
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
Source:
Freedom House, von Steinsdorff, Das politische System Weißrußlands In: Ismayr: Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, 2.ed, 2004, pp. 457 et seq.
|
2006/04/03
|
|
Belgique
|
c. Privée
|
|
2005/06/14
|
|
Bermudes
|
c. Privée
|
Source:
Randy Scott, Parliamentary Registry
|
2006/12/14
|
|
Bosnie-et-Herzégovine
|
c. Privée
|
Source:
http://www.ejc.nl/jr/emland/bih.html#2
|
2005/03/29
|
|
Brésil
|
a. Publique
c. Privée
|
|
2024/10/21
|
|
Bulgarie
|
c. Privée
|
Source:
Mihail Konstantinov, Vice-chair of the Central Election Commissions of Bulgaria for Parliamentary and for Local Elections
|
2007/01/31
|
|
Bénin
|
a. Publique
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
De notoriété publique le Journal "la FRATERNITE" est pro gouvernemental.Il en de même de ""LES EHOS DU JOUR" qui appatiennent au président du PRD Adrien HOUNGBEDJI alors opposant mais aujourd'hui mouvancier.Le "POINT AU QUOTIDIEN " appartient à SEHOUETO qui vient de quitter le gouvernement. Le"PROGRES" pour kamarou fassassi l'actuel ministre de l'énergie et de l'hydraulique.La "NOUVELLE TRIBUNE "pour l'opposition toute tendances confondues."LINFORMATEUR" ET "LE NOKOUE" trés proche de de l'opposition aile SOGLO NICEPHORE.
Source:
Mr Theodule Nouatchi, lecturer in law at the University of Benin (Cotonou).
|
2005/07/15
|
|
Canada
|
c. Privée
|
Source:
Elections Canada
|
2010/06/22
|
|
Croatie
|
a. Publique
c. Privée
|
Source:
www.ejc.nl/jr/emland/croatia.html, (European Journalist Centre, European Media Landscape) Decision on the promulgation of the law on telecommunications (hereinafter: Law on telecommunications)
|
2005/11/14
|
|
Djibouti
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
Source:
http://www.ifjafrique.org/english/fijenligne/040803_2.htm
|
2005/05/09
|
|
Ghana
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
(11) "The state shall provide fair opportunity to all political parties to present their programmes to the public by ensuring equal access to the state-owned media.'
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Ghana [Article 55 (11)]
|
2005/10/14
|
|
Grèce
|
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
|
2012/04/13
|
|
Hongrie
|
c. Privée
|
|
2005/04/03
|
|
Irlande
|
a. Publique
c. Privée
|
|
2005/06/22
|
|
Italie
|
a. Publique
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
Source:
Law of 8 February 1948, n. 47, Art. 5
|
2012/04/17
|
|
Jordanie
|
a. Publique
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
|
2016/08/05
|
|
Kenya
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
|
2012/03/28
|
|
Kiribati
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
Source:
Commonwealth of Nations website
http://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors-kiribati/business/media_and_broadcasting/
Broadcasting And Publications Authority
https://bpa.org.ki/
|
2020/05/05
|
|
Lesotho
|
b. Gouvernementale
|
Source:
Press Reference: http://www.pressreference.com/Ky-Ma/Lesotho.html
|
2015/03/13
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
|
2005/06/09
|
|
Lituanie
|
c. Privée
|
Source:
http://www.ejc.nl/jr/emland/lithuania.html#2
|
2005/03/29
|
|
Luxembourg
|
a. Publique
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
Source:
http://www.sgi-network.org/pdf/SGI09_Luxembourg_Poirier.pdf
|
2012/04/26
|
|
Macédoine, ARYM
|
a. Publique
c. Privée
|
The public publisher Nova Makeonije will be sold through a public tender
Source:
Willemsen, Das politische System Makedoniens, In Ismayr, Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, 2.ed, 2004, pp. 796 et seq.
Trpevska, Macedonia, In: Media Ownership and Its Impact on Media Independence and Pluralism
|
2005/03/23
|
|
Malaisie
|
a. Publique
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
Source:
Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
|
2007/01/21
|
|
Maroc
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
Source:
http://www.tvradioworld.com/region3/mrc/
http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=6801
|
2007/01/29
|
|
Niger
|
a. Publique
c. Privée
|
Source:
Pr Niandou Souley Abdoulaye
|
2005/06/07
|
|
Nouvelle-Zélande
|
a. Publique
c. Privée
|
Source:
https://www.aut.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/473638/JMAD-2020-report.pdf
|
2024/07/12
|
|
Palestinien Occupé, Territoire
|
b. Gouvernementale
|
The PNA controls the official Palestine TV and Voice of Palestine radio, which reflect PNA views. Private Palestinian broadcast stations have proliferated across the West Bank and Gaza Strip during the last decade but have endured financial hardship, closure by Israeli and Palestinian forces, and the destruction of their facilities by the Israeli army.
Source:
http://www.worldaudit.org/presstext.htm
http://www.freemedia.at/wpfr/Mena/palestin.htm
|
2005/06/22
|
|
Pologne
|
c. Privée
|
Source:
Eurotopics.net
Pressreference.com
Poland Newspapers and Newsmedia Guide (http://www.abyznewslinks.com/polan.htm)
|
2015/05/06
|
|
Portugal
|
c. Privée
|
|
2005/06/13
|
|
Roumanie
|
c. Privée
|
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Russie
|
a. Publique
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
Any individual, association of individuals, enterprise, institution, organization, state body can be founder of a newspaper.
|
2016/06/06
|
|
République tchèque
|
a. Publique
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
Source:
http://www.ejc.nl/jr/emland/czech.html
http://www.ijnet.org/FE_Article/AssetShow.asp?ID=407
http://www.czech.cz/index.php?section=6&menu=138
|
2006/11/30
|
|
Saint Christophe-et-Nevis
|
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
Source:
Press Reference
http://www.pressreference.com/No-Sa/Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis.html
|
2020/04/27
|
|
Samoa Américain
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
|
2017/08/18
|
|
Seychelles
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
Source:
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/af/750.htm
Seychelles - 2004 Annual Report available at http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=10196
|
2005/05/12
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
|
2005/06/09
|
|
Slovaquie
|
c. Privée
|
Source:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1108491.stm#media
|
2005/04/02
|
|
Slovénie
|
c. Privée
|
often an important owner of a printed press medium is indirectly the state, e.g. the "Ve^cer" daily
Source:
slovenia2004 report of the Freedom House (freedomhouse.org)
http://mediawatch.mirovni-institut.si/eng/media_ownership.pdf
|
2005/04/12
|
|
Somalie
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
Source:
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:_0Vymtvg8bYJ:www.apfw.org/data/news/english/SOMALILANDsreport1004.pdf+somaliland+media+election+reports&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
|
2005/04/22
|
|
Soudan
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
Radio and TV are both controlled directly by the government, and are required to reflect government policies. There are currently about nine daily papers available in Sudan, including the Arabic dailies dailies El-Rai Elaam, Al-Sudan Al-Hadith, Alwan Newspaper, Al-Shari Al-Seyasi, and El-Ingaz. A wide variety of both Arabic and English publications are also available, although they are all subject to censorship. In 1998, for instance, the pro-government Press and Publications Council imposed three-day closures of the private papers Al-Sharia al-Siyasi and Al-Rae al-Akher. The Arabic dailies El-Ayam and El-Sahafa, both established in the early 1950s, have also recently been banned. To ensure further vigilance, the National Council for Printing and Publication, a state-run media watchdog, has also been established.
Source:
SUDAN PRESS OVERVIEW 2000.
http://www.freemedia.at/wpfr/Mena/sudan.htm
http://www.tvradioworld.com/region3/sdn/
|
2006/11/20
|
|
Suède
|
a. Publique
c. Privée
|
Source:
OSCE/ODIHR NEEDS Assessment mission report - General Elections of 19 September 2010: http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/70947 (2012)
|
2012/05/15
|
|
Taïwan
|
a. Publique
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
Source:
Article 51, Civil Servants Election And Recall Act
|
2020/03/30
|
|
Tonga
|
c. Privée
|
Source:
https://www.kelea.to/; https://talaki.to/sipoti/itemlist/tag/talaki%20online%20news; https://matangitonga.to/
|
2021/09/15
|
|
Tunisie
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
The government owns and operates the Tunisian Radio and Television Establishment (ERTT), which receives its news coverage directly from the official news agency, TAP. There are also several government-owned regional stations and one national television channel. In brief, it can be said that in Tunisia no licenses can be issued to anyone (either an individual or an organisation) to establish independent private radio or television stations. The state monopolises the air.
Source:
TUNISIA PRESS OVERVIEW 2002
http://www.ijnet.org/FE_Article/mediaoutlet.asp?CountryID=54&UILang=1
2003 World Press Freedom Review
http://www.freemedia.at/wpfr/Mena/tunisia.htm#2002%20World%20Press%20Freedom%20Review
|
2005/05/08
|
|
Turquie
|
c. Privée
|
Source:
Rumpf/Steinbach Das politische System der Türkei, In. Ismayr, Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, 2. ed., 2004, pp. 874 et seq.
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Ukraine
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
ad b:
Ukraine at least until the recent change in 2005 is well-known for its either state- or oligarch-controlled broadcasting media, see e.g. the Special Report of the Freedom House (UNDER ASSAULT. UKRAINES NEWS MEDIA AND THE 2004 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS)www.freedomhouse.org
cf. Law on public television and radio broadcasting system, which establishes the legal framework of publicly owned media, but is implemented as it were government owned: http://www.ijnet.org/fe_article/medialaw.asp?uilang=1&cid=25303
ad c: the privately owned media are often strongly influenced by political interests
Source:
www.freedomhouse.org/research/nitransit/ukraine2004.pdf
http://www.cvu.org.ua/?menu=chronicles&po=doc&lang=eng&date_end=2004-09-20&date_beg=2005-03-19&id=646
|
2006/11/20
|
|
Yémen
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
|
The Ministry of Information influenced the media through its control of most printing presses, subsidies to certain newspapers, and its ownership of the country's sole television and radio outlets. Only two newspapers, the weekly Al-Shumu and the daily Aden independent Al-Ayyam, owned their own presses.
Source:
http://www.tvradioworld.com/region2/yem/
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27942.htm
|
2006/11/20
|
|
Égypte
|
b. Gouvernementale
c. Privée
d. Propriété de partis politiques
|
Source:
Country Profile: Egypt. Produced by the BBC. Available URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/737642.stm
"A Quick Overview of the Egyptian press." Produced by the Cairo Times. Available at URL: http://www.cairotimes.com/content/issues/media/quidir.html
The Center for Media Freedom, Middle East and North Africa
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5309.htm
|
2008/02/04
|
|
Érythrée
|
b. Gouvernementale
|
Source:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1070813.stm
|
2011/06/22
|
