|
Pays/territoires 33
|
|---|
| Pays/Territoire |
Réponses |
Réponses |
Vérifié |
|
Albanie
|
b. Radio privée
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
The independence of the press is not seen as realised, however private media enjoys the reputation of being independent much more as public ones.
Source:
Schmidt – Neke, op. cit p. 836
|
2012/02/21
|
|
Algérie
|
e. Presse écrite
|
e. not lately
Although Algeria's private press is among the most vibrant in the region, press freedom here suffered alarming setbacks in 2003. As pre-election tension rose, the government imposed new constraints on freedom of expression and began a campaign of intimidation, legal harassment, and financial pressure on the independent media. In August 2003, six independent newspapers were suspended (Le Matin, Le Soir d'Algerie, Liberte, L'Expression, El Khabar, and Er-rai), and their journalists, editors, and publishers arrested on charges of defamation. However, by the end of the year all had been released from jail without charge. Although a 1998 amendment to the information code provides for private broadcast ownership, the Algerian government maintains total control over national television and radio.
|
2006/05/08
|
|
Allemagne
|
a. Radio publique
b. Radio privée
c. Télévision publique
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
Source:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Germany/Media-and-publishing
|
2021/11/20
|
|
Autriche
|
a. Radio publique
b. Radio privée
c. Télévision publique
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
|
2005/06/09
|
|
Belarus
|
b. Radio privée
e. Presse écrite
|
Print media: only private ones
radio: Belarusian radio stations broadcasting from abroad
Source:
Freedom House, von Steinsdorff, Das politische System Weißrußlands In: Ismayr: Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, 2.ed, 2004, pp. 457 et seq.
|
2006/04/06
|
|
Belgique
|
a. Radio publique
b. Radio privée
c. Télévision publique
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
|
2005/06/14
|
|
Bosnie-et-Herzégovine
|
b. Radio privée
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
|
2005/03/29
|
|
Brésil
|
a. Radio publique
b. Radio privée
c. Télévision publique
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
|
2024/10/21
|
|
Bénin
|
b. Radio privée
e. Presse écrite
|
le président de la republique a des parts dans le capital de LA CHAINE 2 "lc2".
pour la presse écrite et les radios il s'agit de certains journaux pas tous.
Source:
Mr Theodule Nouatchi, lecturer in law at the University of Benin (Cotonou).
|
2005/07/15
|
|
Canada
|
a. Radio publique
c. Télévision publique
|
Source:
Elections Canada
|
2006/12/11
|
|
Croatie
|
b. Radio privée
e. Presse écrite
|
Both private and national television tend to fall under the influences of all kinds people and institutions. National television and radio are usually influenced by the government, although this influence is dropping. Commercial televisions are under the influence of their owners who usually have close relationships with politicians.
Comment of Mr. Damir Azenic, GONG
|
2007/02/15
|
|
Djibouti
|
b. Radio privée
d. Télévision privée
|
To escape the extremely partisan national press, the local population and foreign residents have no other choice but to turn to the international radio stations with FM relays in Djibouti such as the BBC, Radio France Internationale (RFI) and, since December 2002, the Voice of America (VOA).
Source:
http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=6411
|
2005/05/10
|
|
Hongrie
|
b. Radio privée
d. Télévision privée
|
|
2005/04/03
|
|
Irlande
|
a. Radio publique
b. Radio privée
c. Télévision publique
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
|
2005/06/22
|
|
Kenya
|
b. Radio privée
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
|
2012/03/28
|
|
Lesotho
|
e. Presse écrite
|
|
2015/03/13
|
|
Lituanie
|
c. Télévision publique
d. Télévision privée
|
|
2005/03/29
|
|
Malaisie
|
e. Presse écrite
|
Most major political parties have their own party newspapers, including the opposition.
Source:
Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
|
2007/01/21
|
|
Niger
|
b. Radio privée
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
Source:
Pr Niandou Souley Abdoulaye
|
2005/06/07
|
|
Portugal
|
a. Radio publique
b. Radio privée
c. Télévision publique
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
Public media must assure plurality of opinions; in certain cases they avoid taking sides.
|
2012/04/20
|
|
Roumanie
|
b. Radio privée
d. Télévision privée
|
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Russie
|
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
In my opinion the private television and some gazettes have such a reputation but it is very difficult to judge.
|
2005/03/28
|
|
Saint Christophe-et-Nevis
|
b. Radio privée
d. Télévision privée
|
|
2020/04/27
|
|
Seychelles
|
b. Radio privée
c. Télévision publique
d. Télévision privée
|
Source:
MISA report 2000
|
2005/08/29
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
b. Radio privée
e. Presse écrite
|
PRIVATE TELEVISION AREYET TO BE DEVELOPED
|
2005/06/09
|
|
Slovaquie
|
b. Radio privée
e. Presse écrite
|
Source:
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41707.htm
|
2005/04/02
|
|
Slovénie
|
b. Radio privée
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
Source:
slovenia2004 report of the Freedom House (freedomhouse.org)
|
2005/04/04
|
|
Somalie
|
b. Radio privée
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
Source:
http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:sOSvcfttHIQJ:www.delken.cec.eu.int/en/publications/Report%2520on%2520Somaliland%2520Local%2520Elections%2520held%2520on%252015.12.02.doc+somaliland+media+election+reports&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
|
2005/04/22
|
|
Tunisie
|
e. Presse écrite
|
Several private papers are also published, including Assabah, le Temps and the Islamic movements paper, Tunis El Chahida, based out of London. Despite their independence, the Tunis Africa Presse agency (TAP) is often the main or only source of news for these media outlets. This lack of alternative information has led to the creation of a gutter press which provides sensational coverage of various scandals and gossip.
TUNISIA PRESS OVERVIEW 2002
|
2005/05/08
|
|
Turquie
|
a. Radio publique
b. Radio privée
c. Télévision publique
d. Télévision privée
e. Presse écrite
|
The political influence on media is an existent problem in Turkey, self censoring because of fear of sanctions also a problem, the influence sometimes overlaps the frontiers of a democratic society
Source:
Rumpf/Steinbach, op. cit.
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Ukraine
|
b. Radio privée
e. Presse écrite
|
Censorship and self-censorship has been - at least until the recent Orange Revolution - present in the whole Ukrainian media.
Source:
CF. Special Report of the Freedom House (UNDER ASSAULT. UKRAINES NEWS MEDIA AND THE 2004 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS)www.freedomhouse.org
www.freedomhouse.org/research/nitransit/ukraine2004.pdf
|
2006/11/20
|
|
Yémen
|
e. Presse écrite
|
Only two newspapers, the weekly Al-Shumu and the daily Aden independent Al-Ayyam, owned their own presses.
Source:
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27942.htm
|
2005/05/09
|
