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total countries/territories: 45
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| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Albania
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
Art 133 et seq. Electoral Code Questions 2.5 et seq.
ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Albania Question
|
2012/02/21
|
|
Algeria
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e. None
|
No media provide free broadcast time or printed advertisement space to political parties for national election campaigns
Source:
Part 4, Section 2, Articles 184 to 193 from the Algerian Election Law.
|
2005/05/07
|
|
Australia
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b. Government owned
|
In general, most media don't provide free advertising as they are not obliged to under legislation (as a 'right' or as a requirement). However, our public broadcaster (The Australian Broadcasting Corporation) is required to provide major political parties contesting the election with a small amount of air time for public announcements.
Naturally, if privately owned broadcasters wish to provide free air time, they may do so, but in practice this is rare.
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2007/01/09
|
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Austria
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e. None
|
|
2005/06/09
|
|
Azerbaijan
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a. Publicly owned
b. Government owned
|
20.1. During the period of preparation and holding of elections, the broadcasting organizations mentioned in Article 77.2 of this Code shall provide the Central Election Commission with no less than 15 minutes of free air time per week for explanation of election (referendum) legislation, rules, time-frame for implementation of important election activities, the dissemination of information on the course of the election (referendum) campaign and to respond voters’ questions. The broadcasting organizations mentioned in Article 77.3 of this Code shall provide no less than 10 minutes of free air time to Constituency Election Commissions for the same purpose.
77.2. Public Television and radio companies and periodicals that are founded by state bodies and organizations, or funded by the state budget, which air programming or are distributed in half of the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan or more
77.3 Public Television and radio companies and periodicals that are founded by state bodies and organizations, or funded by the state budget that air in less than half of the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Art. 20; 77 https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7885/file/Azerbaijan_Election_am2017_en.pdf
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2022/02/07
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Bahrain
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e. None
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Not applicable because political organizations are entirely prohibited, and those who attempt to establish them may be subjected to heavy penalties.
Source:
The Law of the Shura Council and the Parliament issued by Law by Decree no 14 for 2002.
Law by Decree number 14 for 2002, part 3, organizing referendums and elections. Exercising political rights.
http://www.article19.org/docimages/334.htm
|
2006/05/08
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Belarus
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
Art 45 et seq. electoral code
ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Belarus
|
2006/04/06
|
|
Belgium
|
a. Publicly owned
|
|
2005/06/15
|
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Benin
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
Mr Theodule Nouatchi, lecturer in law at the University of Benin (Cotonou).
|
2005/06/30
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
Election Law of BiH, 2001, article 16 paragraph (2).
|
2005/03/29
|
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Brazil
|
a. Publicly owned
b. Government owned
c. Privately owned
d. Owned by political parties
|
|
2024/10/21
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Bulgaria
|
e. None
|
No media provide free broadcast time or printed advertisement space to political parties for national election campaigns
Source:
Law for Election of National Representatives Art 71
|
2005/11/15
|
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Canada
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
The Canada Elections Act stipulates that every network operator shall make available at no cost to the registered parties and eligible parties broadcasting time for the transmission of political announcements and other programming produced by or on behalf of those parties.
The minimum amount of broadcasting time that a network operator is to make available shall be no less than the amount of free broadcasting time made available by it at the last general election and shall be made available as follows:
(a) two minutes to every registered party; and
(b) the remainder to all registered parties that have been allocated any of the broadcasting time to be made available and all eligible parties that have requested broadcasting time in the proportion that their allocated or requested purchasable broadcasting time bears to the total broadcasting time allocated or requested
See Canada Elections Act ss. 345, 346
Source:
Elections Canada
|
2006/12/19
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Croatia
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
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The entire program offer may not serve a particular party interest or opinion on an one/sided basis. During the pre-election campaining a Radio and Tel. Concessionaire must enable to all parties the possibility of commercial political advertising under equal conditions
Source:
Act on election, The act on the right of access to information
|
2005/11/14
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Cyprus
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a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
Law 7(I)/1998 regulating radio and television stations, Art. 34D;
OSCE Report: http://www.osce.org/el/odihr/elections/Cyprus/83083 (2012)
|
2012/04/27
|
|
Czech Republic
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
Act NO. 247 On Elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic, and on Amendments of Certain Other Acts, Dated September 27, 1995
Article 16
|
2006/11/30
|
|
Djibouti
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b. Government owned
d. Owned by political parties
|
Source:
Elections in Africa
A Data Handbook.1999, Edited by Dieter Nohlen, Bernard Thibaut, and Michael Krennerich
|
2005/05/10
|
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Eritrea
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b. Government owned
|
Source:
Elections Act, Art 44
|
2011/06/22
|
|
France
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Art. 167-1 (I)
|
2012/05/03
|
|
Georgia
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
The Election Code of Georgia, art. 50:
https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1557168?publication=87
|
2024/07/25
|
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Germany
|
e. None
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There is no absolutely free broadcast time for political parties; they have to reimburse the cost-price of the advertisements.'
Any political party taking part in elections for the German Bundestag shall, subject to cost reimbursement, be granted a reasonable amount of transmission time if at least one state list of candidates has been approved for that party. Furthermore, any party or other political association taking part in the election of candidates from the Federal Republic of Germany for the European Parliament is entitled to a reasonable amount of transmission time if at least one electoral list has been approved, subject to cost reimbursement
Source:
Article 42, Interstate Broadcasting Agreement
|
2021/11/20
|
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Greece
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a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
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Source:
Law 3023/2002, Art. 10(1)
|
2012/04/13
|
|
Italy
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
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It is mandatory for publicly-owned radio stations, and optional for privately-owned ones. The The Communications Regulatory Authority (Agcom) strictly regulates this type of advertisement.
Source:
Law of 22 February 2000, n. 28, Art. 3 and 4
|
2012/04/16
|
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Kenya
|
b. Government owned
c. Privately owned
|
All of
Source:
Kenya Broadcasting Corporation Act
|
2012/03/28
|
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Kiribati
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e. None
|
There is no free broadcast time. The candidate or the parties have to fund for their own campaign.
Source:
Email from Ms Takiakia Maatia, Chief Electoral Officer, Department of Justice, Kiribati, January 31, 2018
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/159/55
|
2020/05/05
|
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Lithuania
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
Law on elections to the Seimas, article 51.
|
2005/03/29
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
OSCE/ODIHR NEEDS ASSESSMENT MISSION REPORT 30 June - 3 July 2004 Warsaw 20 July 2004
|
2005/03/23
|
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Malaysia
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d. Owned by political parties
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No media provide free broadcast time or printed advertisement space to political parties for national election campaigns
Source:
Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
|
2007/01/21
|
|
Montenegro
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Art. 50: As of the date of candidate list validation, until completion of the election campaign (hereinafter referred to as the election campaign), candidate list submitting entities shall be entitled to inform citizens of their candidates, programmes and activities on a daily basis, in equal duration and free of charge, through the national public broadcaster Radio and
Television of Montenegro, as well as through regional and local public broadcasters, within the same daily timeslots and topical coverage of news-stories.
Art. 53 and 53a: During the election campaign, the Radio and Television of Montenegro, regional and local public broadcasters shall ensure free of charge and equal broadcasting of announcements of all promotional rallies of candidate lists submitting entities, on a daily basis, of equal duration and as part of the same timeslots, within commercial marketing blocks whose audibility and visibility are ensured in the entire territory of Montenegro or local government unit.
Source:
Law on the Election of Councillors and Members of Parliament, Art. 50, 53, 53a
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7743/file/Montenegro_Law_elections_councillors_members_of_parliament_1998_am2016_en.pdf
|
2021/12/24
|
|
Morocco
|
b. Government owned
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
Chapter 4, Sections 1, 2, and 3, Articles 285 to 295 of the Moroccan Election Law.
|
2005/05/08
|
|
New Zealand
|
a. Publicly owned
b. Government owned
|
|
2024/07/12
|
|
Niger
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
Pr Niandou Souley Abdoulaye
|
2005/06/07
|
|
Portugal
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
Electoral Law no. 14/79 of 16 May 1979 as amended, Art. 62, 63
|
2012/04/20
|
|
Romania
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 61-62.
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Russian Federation
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
ad a) each of the medium has to provide registered candidates/ political parties with at least 60 minutes air time.
ad c) must be founded at least 1 year prior to the elections.
Source:
Act on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum of 2002. N 67/ F3. Art. 50.(4); 51.(3).
|
2005/03/28
|
|
Seychelles
|
b. Government owned
c. Privately owned
d. Owned by political parties
|
Source:
http://www.freedomhouse.org/research/freeworld/2003/countryratings/seychelles.htm
|
2005/08/30
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
c. Privately owned
|
|
2005/06/09
|
|
Slovakia
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Art. 23. of the LENC (Law on the Election to the National Council)
Running political parties can conduct election campaigns through radio or television broadcasting only on Slovak Radio and Slovak Television. Election campaigning is prohibited in the radio broadcasting and television broadcasting of private licence holders.
Source:
http://www.legislationline.org/view.php?document=55068
|
2007/01/09
|
|
Slovenia
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
Law on RTV Slovenia, Art. 8-9.
|
2005/04/11
|
|
Somalia
|
e. None
|
Source:
http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/57/5713.htm
|
2005/05/04
|
|
Spain
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
Electoral Law 5/1985 of 19 June ("Ley Orgánica del Régimen Electoral General"), Art. 59-67
|
2012/04/18
|
|
Turkey
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Source:
art 52 et seq. Electoral Code
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Ukraine
|
a. Publicly owned
|
Free for the party. Costs of the medium are reimbursed from the state budget by the EMB
Source:
Art. 53-54. of parliamentary electoral law
|
2006/11/20
|
|
Yemen
|
b. Government owned
|
Source:
Section 4, Article 39 of the Electoral Law of Yemen 2001.
http://www.arab-ipu.org/pdb/RelatedArticlesGvnSPName.asp?SPName=CHRN&StructuredIndexCode=&LawBookID=181120033455535&Year1=&Year2=&YearGorH=
|
2006/11/20
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