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total countries/territories: 33
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|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Albania
|
e. None
|
not applicable
|
2012/02/21
|
|
Algeria
|
e. None
|
No media provide paid broadcast time or printed advertisement space for presidential candidates.
Source:
Part 4, Section 1, Articles 172 to 182 from the Algerian Election Law
|
2005/05/07
|
|
Austria
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
|
2005/06/10
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
c. Privately owned
|
78.4. Private TV and radio companies and periodicals may refuse to publish pre-election campaign material. Private TV and radio
companies and periodicals may not be forced to publish pre-election campaign materials. If such materials are published, then the conditions for publishing should be equal for all candidates, political parties, and referendum campaign groups (this does not apply to the periodicals provided for in Article 85.4 of this Code).
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan as amended in 2016, art. 78.4: https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7885/file/Azerbaijan_Election_am2017_en.pdf (2018).
|
2022/02/07
|
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Bahrain
|
e. None
|
Not applicable. The King is the Head of State by inherited monarchy. There are no presidential elections.
Source:
Chapter 4, section 1, article 33 (a) of The Constitution of Bahrain 2002. Chapter 1, article 1 (b) of The Constitution of Bahrain 2002.
|
2006/05/08
|
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Belarus
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e. None
|
Source:
ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and elections, Belarus
|
2005/03/29
|
|
Benin
|
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
Mr Theodule Nouatchi, lecturer in law at the University of Benin (Cotonou).
|
2005/06/30
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
a. Publicly owned
b. Government owned
|
Source:
Election Law of BiH, Chapter 16.
|
2006/12/11
|
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Brazil
|
e. None
|
Art. 36.
§ 2º No type of paid political advertising will be allowed on radio and television.
Source:
Elections Law – Law No. 9,504, of September 30, 1997, Article 36 - 57-J:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/lei-das-eleicoes/lei-das-eleicoes-lei-nb0-9.504-de-30-de-setembro-de-1997
|
2024/10/21
|
|
Bulgaria
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
Law for the Presidental Elections Art 11; 11/(a);
Mihail Konstantinov, Vice-chair of the Central Election Commissions of Bulgaria for Parliamentary and for Local Elections
|
2007/01/31
|
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Cyprus
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
Law 7(I)/1998 regulating radio and television stations, Art. 34D, 45(1);
OSCE Report: http://www.osce.org/el/odihr/elections/Cyprus/83083 (2012)
|
2012/04/27
|
|
Czech Republic
|
e. None
|
No presidential elections
|
2005/11/13
|
|
Djibouti
|
b. Government owned
c. Privately owned
d. Owned by political parties
|
Source:
Elections in Africa
A Data Handbook.1999, Edited by Dieter Nohlen, Bernard Thibaut, and Michael Krennerich
|
2005/05/10
|
|
Egypt
|
b. Government owned
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
http://www.arab-ipu.org/pdb/RelatedArticlesGvnSPName.asp?SPName=SIDX&StructuredIndexCode=ID0201010102010108&LawBookID=021020012049440
And Ministry of Information
|
2008/02/04
|
|
Eritrea
|
e. None
|
|
2011/06/22
|
|
Germany
|
e. None
|
There are no national election campaigns for presidential candidates.
|
2021/11/29
|
|
Kenya
|
b. Government owned
c. Privately owned
|
|
2012/03/28
|
|
Lithuania
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
1996 Law on Presidential Elections, article 41-45.
|
2005/03/29
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
Art 51 Law on election of Mp's and art 2 law on presidential elections
|
2005/03/23
|
|
Morocco
|
e. None
|
Not applicable. There are no presidential elections. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy.
Source:
Chapter 1, Article 1 of the Moroccan Constitution
|
2005/05/08
|
|
Niger
|
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
Pr Niandou Souley Abdoulaye
|
2005/06/07
|
|
Palestine
|
b. Government owned
|
Source:
Articles 54 to 59, 93, and 94 Electoral Law
http://www.arab-ipu.org/pdb/RelatedArticlesGvnSPName.asp?SPName=CHRN&StructuredIndexCode=&LawBookID=021020013748088&Year1=&Year2=&YearGorH=
|
2005/06/22
|
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Portugal
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e. None
|
Source:
Decree-Law no. 319-A/76 of 3 May 1976, Art. 52
|
2012/04/20
|
|
Romania
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
Law on the election of the president, 2004.
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Russian Federation
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
Act on Election of the President of Russian Federation of 2003. N19/F3. Art.51.(6),(7).
|
2005/03/28
|
|
Slovakia
|
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
Art. 15-19. of the presidential election act
|
2005/04/02
|
|
Somalia
|
c. Privately owned
|
Source:
http://www.freemedia.at/wpfr/Africa/somalia.htm
|
2005/05/04
|
|
Sudan
|
b. Government owned
|
Source:
Article 6 of the Law to stop bad acts.
http://www.arab-ipu.org/pdb/RelatedArticlesGvnSPName.asp?SPName=CHRN&StructuredIndexCode=&LawBookID=021020015496088&Year1=&Year2=&YearGorH=
|
2006/11/20
|
|
Taiwan
|
c. Privately owned
|
Broadcast and TV enterprises may provide hours for value for the political parties recommending candidates or the candidates to perform campaign propaganda, and shall treat them in a just and fair way.
Source:
Article 46, Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act
|
2020/03/30
|
|
Tunisia
|
b. Government owned
|
Source:
Articles 9, 37 and 45 of the Amendment on Tunisian Election Law.
http://www.arab-ipu.org/pdb/LoadLawBook.asp?SC=021020018498827
|
2005/05/08
|
|
Turkey
|
e. None
|
Source:
Art 102 Constitution
|
2005/03/30
|
|
Ukraine
|
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
|
ARTICLE 32. Use of mass media in pre-election campaign publicity.
1. Candidates for President of Ukraine are granted the right to use state mass media free of charge, i.e. they shall be provided with equal and commensurable air time at the national level and within a particular election constituency.
The specific extent and time of radio and television programs allotted for candidates? pre-election campaign advocacy shall be set at the national level by the Central Election Commission, and in territorial election constituencies by territorial election commissions acting in agreement with the managers of appropriate mass media organizations. Television and radio companies are prohibited from interrupting campaign advocacy programs with advertisements of goods, works, and services.
Source:
Art. 32. of presidential election law
|
2006/11/20
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