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total countries/territories: 223
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| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
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Afghanistan
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e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Afghan Regulation of the Registration of Candidates, art. 1: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/afghanistan-regulation-on-the-registration-of/view (2014).
http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf
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2019/09/24
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Albania
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e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Albania, articles 45, 69, 86 and 87.
The Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania, dated 2 April 2015, art. 63
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2017/05/18
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Algeria
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e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Independent candidates for legislative elections must be supported by at least 400 signatures of voters registered in the electoral roll of their constituency.
Source:
Electoral law (Loi organique n° 12-01 du 18 Safar 1433 correspondant au 12 janvier 2012 relative au régime électoral), art. 92, 136: https://www.joradp.dz/hfr/consti.htm (2017)
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2019/09/25
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American Samoa
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c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
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Only in reference to Legislative elections
Source:
American Samoa Code Annotated, Title 6 (6.0301)
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2017/08/18
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Andorra
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f. No information available
|
Source:
Electoral law: 28/2007 - "Llei qualificada del règim electoral i del referèndum": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-electoral-law-2007/
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2023/06/09
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Angola
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a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
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Article 111: Nominations for President
1. Nominations for President of the Republic shall be proposed by the political parties or coalitions of political parties.
2. The nominations referred to in the previous point may include citizens who are not affiliated to a competing political party or coalition of political parties.
Article 146: Nominations for Assembly
1. Nominations shall be presented by the political parties either individually or as coalitions, and the lists may include citizens who are not affiliated to the parties in question, under the terms of the law.
2. Nominations must be subscribed to by 5,000 to 5,500 voters for the national constituency and 500 to 550 voters for each provincial constituency.
Source:
Constitution of 3 February 2010, art. 111, 146: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7B9555c635-8d7c-4ea1-b7f9-0cd33d08ea40%7D.pdf (2017)
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2017/03/29
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Anguilla
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c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
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No presidential elections, since the Head of State appoints a Governor. Also, the legislature is unicameral.
Source:
Election Act (2008), Article 29
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2015/02/27
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Antigua and Barbuda
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c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
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In fact, it is not required to be member or nominated by a political in order to become a candidate for House of Assembly.
Source:
Constitution 38.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20-%20Constitution/view
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2014/06/05
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Argentina
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a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
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Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la Nación Argentina — Ley 24430, texto oficial ordenado”, art. 38: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-constitucion-nacional-reformas-1994/ (2019);
Political Parties’ Law: “Ley Orgánica de los Partidos Políticos — Ley 23298”, art. 2: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-23298-organica-pp-pp-2017/ (2019);
Law for the Democratisation of political representation, transparency, and electoral equity: “Ley de Democratización de la representación política, la transparencia y la equidad electoral — Ley 26571”, art. 21: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-26571-democratizacion-transparencia-equidad-2019/ (2019)
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2021/12/26
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Armenia
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e. In both presidential and legislative elections
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Source:
Electoral Code of 26 May 2011, art. 78, 105, 106, 114: http://res.elections.am/images/doc/_ecode.pdf (2013).
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2015/12/01
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Aruba
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a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
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There are no independant candidates. Only registered parties can postulate candidates.
Source:
Mr. Hubert Maduro, President, Electoral Council of Aruba
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2017/07/07
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Australia
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c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
|
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (amended in 2019) Section 169: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103/f85985f8-e256-4e11-ad31-884ed7f92224
The Australian Electoral Commission: https://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/candidates/overview.htm
The Australian Electoral Commission Candidates Handbook (2019): https://www.aec.gov.au/elections/candidates/files/candidates-handbook.pdf
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2024/09/09
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Austria
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f. No information available
|
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2012/05/29
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Azerbaijan
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e. In both presidential and legislative elections
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180.1. Political parties, blocs of political parties, and citizens possessing suffrage may nominate presidential candidates in accordance with Articles 53 and 54 of this Code.
180.2. Each citizen or citizens possessing suffrage may create an initiative group consisting of at least 100 persons for nominating presidential candidates.
Political parties, blocs of political parties, and citizens of the Republic of Azerbaijan possessing suffrage and permanently residing in a constituency may nominate candidates to a single mandate constituency. At least 450 voters’ signatures should be collected in support of a candidate within the territory of the constituency for which he/she has been nominated.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan including 2024 amendments, article 146, 147, 180 and 181: https://msk.gov.az/uploads/qanunvericilik/Election-Code-2024.pdf
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2024/11/12
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Bahamas
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c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
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Nomination or endorsement by a political party is not necessary for election to the legislature.
Source:
Electoral Law, Art. 36
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BS/bahamas-parliamentary-elections-act-2012/view (2017)
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2017/03/27
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Bahrain
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c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
The President and Vice President may be elected only after the Congress is fully organized. To be eligible for the office of the President and Vice President, a Member must be a member of Congress for a four-year term and shall also have been a resident for at least 15 years and a Citizen by birth of the Federated States of Micronesia.
Source:
The Shura and Representatives Councils Law 2002, art. 11: https://regulations-references-laws-s3-bucket.s3.me-south-1.amazonaws.com/public/_pdf-1705188185067.pdf
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2024/11/25
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Bangladesh
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e. In both presidential and legislative elections
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Source:
S. M. Asaduzzaman; Public Relations Officer; Bangladesh Election Commission. Email: [email protected]
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2012/05/30
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Barbados
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c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
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43. Subject to the provisions of section 44, any person who -
a. is a Commonwealth citizen of the age of twenty one years or upwards; and
b. has such connection with Barbados by residence therein as may be prescribed by Parliament,
shall be qualified to be elected as a member of the House of Assembly.
No President
Source:
Constitution of Barbados, Chapter 5:43
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2009/08/21
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Belarus
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e. In both presidential and legislative elections
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Candidates for the President of the Republic of Belarus are be nominated by citizens of the Republic of Belarus provided the signatures of not less than 100 thousand voters have been collected.
Nomination of candidates for the President of the Republic of Belarus starts 80 days and ends 50 days prior to the elections.
The right to nominate candidates for deputies belongs to political parties registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Belarus not later than six months before the appointment of election, labour groups as well as citizens by way of gathering signatures.
Source:
Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 60: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
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2023/09/13
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Belgium
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c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
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Art. 116. § 1. For the election to the Chamber of Representatives the presentation shall be
signed either by 500 voters at least if the population of the electoral constituency at the last census
was superior to one million inhabitants, by 400 voters at least if the population added up to between
500.000 and one million inhabitants and by 200 voters at least in all the other situations, or at least by
three resigning members.
Source:
The Belgian Electoral Code, Article 116
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BE/belgium-electoral-code-2014/view
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2019/04/25
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Belize
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c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
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The registration procedures and provisions refer to individual candidates, regardless of their membership or lack thereof to any political party.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act, Chapter 9”, Schedule III, Section 3: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-representation-of-the-people-act-2020/
|
2025/03/24
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Benin
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b. In presidential elections
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Source:
Law n ° 2010-33 of 7 January 2011 setting general rules for the elections in the Republic of Benin, art. 93, 94, 95: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-electorale-generale-pour-2011.pdf (2016)
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2019/04/05
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Bermuda
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c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
|
The qualifications and disqualifications for candidacy do not prevent independent candidates from running for election.
Source:
Randy Scott, Parliamentary Registry
|
2012/05/31
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Bhutan
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d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
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A candidate to or a member of the National Council shall not belong to any political party.
Source:
Constitution of Bhutan, Article 11 (3): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008
Election Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, Chapter 10: https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ElectionActEnglish.pdf
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2024/08/27
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Bolivia
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a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
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Candidates to both presidential and legislative elections must be nominated by a political party, a group of citizens or an indigenous people group.
Source:
Constitution; "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 209: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
Electoral Law; “Ley del Régimen Electoral — Ley 026-2010”, art. 46 & 106: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-026-2010-regimen-electoral-vigente/ (2019).
|
2024/12/10
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
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e. In both presidential and legislative elections
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Source:
Electoral Law: Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, arts. 4.1-4.4, 4.9-4.10. http://izbori.ba/Documents/documents/ZAKONI/BiH_Election_Law_last_consolidated_version_2018.pdf
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2025/06/26
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Botswana
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c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
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Every candidate shall be nominated by a proposer, seconder and not
fewer than seven other persons as supporters. The names of such proposer,
seconder and supporters shall be on the election roll for the constituency for
which the candidate seeks election.
The President is indirectly elected by the National Assembly.
Source:
Electoral Act of 1968 (as amended until 2012), art. 35: http://www.iec.gov.bw/images/pdf/ElectoralAct.pdf (2014).
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2014/10/28
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Brazil
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a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
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In Brazil, independent candidates cannot run for presidential or legislative elections. They must be affiliated with a political party to be eligible.
Constitution:
Article 14:
§ 3º The conditions for eligibility, as provided by law, are:
V – party affiliation.
Law on Elections:
Art. 9º To run for election, the candidate must have electoral domicile in the respective district for a period of six months and have their party affiliation approved within the same timeframe.
Art. 11. Political parties and coalitions shall request the registration of their candidates with the Electoral Court by 7 PM on August 15 of the election year.
§ 1º The registration request must be accompanied by the following documents:
III – proof of party affiliation.
Electoral Code:
Art. 87. Only candidates registered by political parties may run for elections.
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, Article 14 (3-V):
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Law on Elections, Law No. 9,504, September 30, 1997, Article 9, 11 (1-III):
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/lei-das-eleicoes/lei-das-eleicoes-lei-nb0-9.504-de-30-de-setembro-de-1997
Electoral Code - Law No. 4,737, of July 15, 1965, Article 87:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
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2024/10/24
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Brunei Darussalam
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g. Not applicable
|
There have been no direct elections for the Legislative Council since 1962. The appointed legislative council passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members. However, no elections have been held so far and no election date has been set.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 23: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/fdl/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Brunei_Constitution_1959_amended%202011_EN.pdf (2013);
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html
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2013/03/18
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Bulgaria
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e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
nomination committees can nominate an independent candidate
Source:
Electoral Law: Election code, Art. 310, Art.246
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2014/10/03
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Burkina Faso
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b. In presidential elections
|
Source:
Electoral Code as amended in 2015, art. 123, 157, 174: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/Code_électoral_BF-Version_21.05.2015.pdf (2015)
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2015/12/04
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Burma (Myanmar)
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c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
A person having the right to stand for election is eligible to contest in the election either individually or representing a political party.
Source:
The Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law, art. 9: http://www.altsean.org/Research/2010/Resources/Laws/Pyithu%20Hluttaw%20Election%20Law.pdf (2013).
|
2015/11/17
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Burundi
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e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Electoral Code, art. 96, 128: https://courconstitutionnelle.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Code-Electoral_30092024095027.pdf
Constitution, art. 98, 171: https://acbc.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl441/files/Legislation/Countries%20legislations/BURUNDI/Constitution%20of%20Burundi%20of%20_2018_compressed.pdf
|
2025/05/08
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Cambodia
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a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Candidates to the National Assembly and the Senate must be nominated by a registered political party running in the election.
Source:
Law on the Election of the Members of the National Assembly, art. 33: http://ngocedaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/tmp_11849-Draft-of-LEMNA-by-CNRP-CPP_March_08_2015132491924.pdf;
Law on Senate Election, art. 17
|
2023/10/11
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Cameroon
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b. In presidential elections
|
Independent candidates can compete in presidential elections provided that they are supported with signatures of 300 personalities (30 personalities from each Region). In addition, candidates have to pay a deposit of 30,000,000 francs (45,735 euro).
Source:
Electoral Code Chapter II section 121 (1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-electoral-code-english-2012
|
2018/11/06
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Canada
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Only the legislative chamber (Chamber 1) has elected seats. Non-affiliated candidates may chose to have a designation as “independent” (or no designation) under their name on the ballot, where affiliated candidates would have the name of their affiliated political party.
Source:
Elections Canada (http://www.elections.ca/content.asp?section=faq&document=faqpol&lang=e&textonly=false#elec7)
The Canada Elections Act (2015), Clauses 3,4 & 65
http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/E-2.01.pdf
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Cape Verde
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b. In presidential elections
|
Independent candidates must be included in a party list.
Source:
Constitution of Cape Verde as amended in 2010, art. 106: http://www.parlamento.cv/Downloads/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Cabo%20verde,%202010.pdf (2016);
Electoral Law as amended by Law No 56/VII/2010, art. 340, 341, 376: http://www.parlamento.cv/userfiles/image/site/Leis/Altera%20o%20C%C3%B3digo%20Eleitoral%20-%20texto%20integrante.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
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Cayman Islands
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
A candidate is nominated by at least two registered electors of the electoral district for which the candidate seeks election, and must deposit the sum of one thousand Cayman dollars.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Elections Act (2021 Revision)”, Section 29(5), 32: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-elections-act-2021-revision/ ;
|
2021/12/13
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|
Central African Republic
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Electoral Law N° 09.016, Art. 201: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2021/04/19
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|
Chad
|
b. In presidential elections
|
Source:
Law No. 020/PR/2010 establishing a National Independent Electoral Commission amended by Law No. 022/PR/2010, art. 127, 129, 130, 150 : http://www.iss.co.za/uploads/CHADCENI.PDF (2016)
|
2019/04/23
|
|
Chile
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Chile (2017)”, art. 18:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-1/
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Constitucional sobre Votaciones Populares y Escrutinios (2016)”, art. 10, 11, 13:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-ley-sobre-votaciones-populares-y-escrutinios/
|
2025/03/21
|
|
China
|
f. No information available
|
Political parties and people's organizations may either jointly or separately recommend candidates for deputies. A joint group of at least ten voters or deputies may also recommend candidates. Those who submit recommendations shall inform the election committee or the presidium of the congress of their candidates' backgrounds.
Source:
Electoral Law, Art.29
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Cocos (keeling) Islands
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
|
169A Notification of independent candidacy
(1) A candidate in an election may request that the word “Independent” be printed adjacent to the candidate’s name on the ballot papers for use in that election.
(2) A request under subsection (1) must be:
(a) in writing; and
(b) signed by the candidate; and
(c) given to the Electoral Commissioner with the nomination of the candidate.
(3) A candidate may not make requests under both this section and section 168.
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, as amended on 8 March 2019, section 169A: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103
|
2019/07/10
|
|
Colombia
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Independent candidates can be nominated by groups of citizens.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 108 (3): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016 (2016).
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral”, art. 93: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-codigo-electoral-2016/ (2016).
Law 1475 of 2011: “Ley 1475 de 2011 sobre los partidos y movimientos políticos”, art. 28: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-ley-1475-de-2011-sobre-partidos-politicos/ (2011).
|
2024/12/13
|
|
Comoros
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Law No 10-018/AU Amending certain provisions of the Electoral Act No. 07-001/AU of 14 January 2007, art. 62 (2)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/KM/comores-electoral-law-2010/view (2016)
|
2016/04/12
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Election law of 24 November 2001, Art. 48, 61 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2017)
Electoral Law of 24 November 2001, Amended 2016, Art. 48: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-amendments-2016/view (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Loi électorale (2006), art. 17: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CD/drc-electoral-law-february-2006-french./
|
2016/11/29
|
|
Cook Islands
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Source:
Teokoati Joseph, Chief Probation Officer, Probation Service - Ministry of Justice
|
2012/06/05
|
|
Costa Rica
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Only the candidates nominated by the parties registered in the Civil Registry are entitled to participate in the elections.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley 8765: Código Electoral”, art. 148: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-ley-8765-codigo-electoral-2018.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
Croatia
|
b. In presidential elections
|
The law does not allow for individual independent candidates, but only for groups of independent candidates.
Source:
Electoral Law: Act on Election of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament (116/99) (consolidated wording with amendments No. 109/00 and 53/03), art. 19-21;
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/1154/file/71c13d3cb8431393409819c98e04.pdf
The Law on the Election of the President of the Republic of Croatia, Art. 12
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7662/file/Croatia_Amendments_to_Law_Elections_President_2014_en.pdf
OSCE/ODIHR Limited Election Observation Mission Report on the Parliamentary Elections in Croatia on 4 December 2011 (Warsaw, 2011): http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/85778
OSCE/ODIHR Limited Election Observation Mission Final Report on the Presidential Election in Croatia on 27 December 2009 and 10 January 2010 (Warsaw, 2010): http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr-el/2010/04/43364_en.pdf
|
2025/04/15
|
|
Cuba
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Any citizen can be candidate, provided that his nomination is backed by the majority of the assistants to the nomination assembly.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”, art. 80, 207: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”, art. 5, 9, 11: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/
|
2023/09/12
|
|
Cyprus
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 40, 64:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CY/cyprus-constitution-1960/ (2016).
Electoral Law 72 of 1979 as amended, Art. 19:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CY/cyprus-electoral-law-72-1979-greek-version/ (2016).
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Cyprus (North)
|
f. No information available
|
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Czech Republic
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Constitution: Art. 56 (5): Each and every citizen of the Czech Republic who has reached the age of 18 years is entitled to nominate a candidate provided that such a nomination is supported by a petition signed by at least 50.000 citizens of the Czech Republic who are entitled to vote for the President of the Republic. A candidate can be nominated by at least twenty Deputies of the Parliament or by at least ten Senators.
Electoral Law: Article 60: (1) Any registered political party and movement whose activities have not been suspended, including any coalition thereof, may register its candidates for the elections to the Senate through its authorized representative only. All independent candidates shall present their registration applications individually.
Source:
Constitution as amended by Act 71/2012 Sb., art. 56 (5): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Czech_Republic_2013?lang=en (2017);
Electoral Law: Act of Law 247/1995 Coll., on elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic (amended by 480/2006 Coll.), art. 31 & 60.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CZ/czech-republic-act-no.-247-on-elections-to-the/view (2017)
|
2023/09/18
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Code électoral (2015), art. 48: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CI/cote-divoire-code-electoral-2015/view
|
2016/12/01
|
|
Denmark
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
An independent candidate must be recommended by at least 150 and at most 200 voters of the nomination district as supporters.
"If candidates stand as individuals and not as members of a party list, they are referred to as independents. However, very few people actually do this because it requires a large number of personal votes to be elected in this way."
Source:
Parliamentary Election Act of Denmark, Ch.1, P.6, Art. 32
https://www.thedanishparliament.dk/en/democracy/elections-and-referendums
|
2019/05/27
|
|
Djibouti
|
b. In presidential elections
|
The legal framework says that candidates have to be registered by a party, but there are independent candidates that run in the elections
ARTICLE 22. - The declaration of candidacy made in duplicate and bearing the signature of the candidate must be presented by a regularly constituted political party. The declaration of candidacy is registered by the Minister of the Interior who delivers immediately receipt.
ARTICLE 32. - Regularly constituted political parties are the only ones entitled to present candidates
Source:
Electoral Law n° 1/AN/92 regulating elections, as amended by Organic Law n°14/AN/11/6, art. 22, 32:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DJ/djibouti-electoral-law-1992/view
|
2018/04/02
|
|
Dominica
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Source:
EL: 15.
|
2002/12/16
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Independent candidatures can be national, provincial or local. If any political association wants to support them, the Central Electoral Board (JCE) must be notified sixty days before of the election.
Source:
Ley Electoral “Ley Orgánica de Régimen Electoral No. 15-19 art. 147: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-ley-organica-de-regimen/ (2019)
|
2020/02/05
|
|
Ecuador
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
A political party, movement or alliance can nominate independent and non-affiliated candidates.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 94: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
Egypt
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
An individual system candidate shall submit a request for Nomination for the membership of the People's Assembly, in writing, to the election committee in the governorate in which he wishes to be nominated [as a candidate] in one of the constituencies [contained within the governorate], during the period which is to be determined by a decision of the High Elections Commission, provided that this period shall not be less than five days from the date the nomination period begins.
Source:
Law No. 38/1972 On The People’s Assembly (28/12/2011) with its amendments, art. 3: http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_people_s_assembly_including_amendments_to_october_2011.pdf (2011);
Presidential Decree No. 22/2014, on the Regulation of the Presidential Elections, art. 1&2: https://www.elections.eg/images/pdfs/laws/preselect-22_2014_en.pdf (2014).
|
2018/03/20
|
|
El Salvador
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Independent candidates can run only for legislative elections. In this case, they have to submit 6000 - 12000 voters' signatures, depending on the size of the constituency in which they are running. They also have to deposit an amount equal to at least 25% of their estimated campaign budget.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”, art. 126: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/ ;
Law on Independent Candidates to Legislative Elections: “Decreto No. 555 — Disposiciones para la postulación de candidaturas no partidarias en las elecciones legislativas”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-postulacion-candidaturas-no-partidarias-2019/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Eritrea
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Elections Act, art. 35
|
2011/06/22
|
|
Estonia
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Presidential elections are not direct elections:
Constitution: § 79: (2) The right to nominate a candidate for President of the Republic rests with not less than one-fifth of the membership of the Riigikogu.
(6) The Riigikogu nominates the two candidates who received the most votes in the Riigikogu to the Electoral College as candidates for President. The right to nominate a candidate for President may also be exercised by not less than twenty-one members of the Electoral College.
Electoral Law: § 27: § 27. Independent candidate
(1) A person who has the right to stand as a candidate (subsections 4 (4)-(6)) may nominate himself or herself as an independent candidate and perform the acts necessary for registration. A person who has the right to vote pursuant to subsections 4 (1)-(3) of this Act may nominate another person as an independent candidate and perform the acts necessary for registration on the basis of a corresponding authorisation document.
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia with latest amendment on 6 May 2015, § 79.
Electoral Law: Riigikogu Election Act lastest amended on 16 April 2016, § 27.
|
2019/02/19
|
|
Ethiopia
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
An independent candidate shall produce endorsement signatures of not less than 1,000 from among people who are certified by the local administration to be residents of the constituency of his candidature, are 18 years old or above and not barred by law from voting. The National Elections Board can reduce the number of endorsement signatures a private candidate must produce in certain constituencies if it deems it necessary.
Source:
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007, art. 45 (3)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view ;
The Registration of Candidates Directive No. 1/2009, art. 12 (5, 6, 7) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-the-registration-of-candidates-directive/view
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Actually, all candidates register individually, without there being any requirement of partisanship.
Source:
Constitution: “Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008”, Section 28 & 32: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-constitution-2008/ ;
Electoral Law: “Electoral Ordinance 1988”, Section 65 & 66: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-electoral-ordinance-1988/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Fiji
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
A candidate for election to Parliament must be either nominated by a registered political party or nominated as an independent candidate.
A person wishing to stand as an independent candidate in an election must be duly nominated in writing on a nomination paper in the form approved by the Electoral Commission.
(82) 1. A person shall not be qualified to be nominated for the office of the President unless he or she-
c.is not a member of, or holds any office in, any political party;
Source:
Constitution, art. 56 (1), art. 82 (1-c): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
Electoral Decree No. 11 of 2014, art. 25: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-electoral-decree-no.-11-of-2014/at_download/file (2014).
|
2018/04/20
|
|
Finland
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Section 119 — Number of members in a constituency association and drafting a charter
Founding a constituency association in order to nominate a candidate in parliamentary elections requires at least 100 voters from the same electoral district.
Section 134 — Application for candidacy submitted by a constituency association
An application for candidacy submitted by a constituency association must include:
1) the candidate’s name and title, profession or occupation using no more than two expressions, and municipality of residence; the name by which the candidate is generally known or an abbreviation of the first name can be used along with or instead of the proper first name; the application may not contain any other information about the candidate except if this is necessary in order to clarify the candidate’s identity and
2) the candidate’s consent, including the candidate’s personal identity code and signature, to standing as presidential candidate for the constituency association and consent to accepting the office of president.
The constituency association charter and supporter forms referred to in section 130 must be attached to the application.
The constituency association election representative must date and sign the application and in it confirm that the supporter forms have been personally signed by the members of the constituency association.
Source:
Election Act 714/1998 as amended, Section 119, 132, 134
http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/5672
|
2019/04/02
|
|
France
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Art. L44:
Any Frenchman and any Frenchwoman having the quality of voter can make application and be elected, subject to the cases of incapacity or ineligibility envisaged by the law.
Source:
Electoral code, L44;
https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do;jsessionid=F68B3CF06BA941E48270531A7F396845.tplgfr23s_1?idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006148456&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070239&dateTexte=20200617
Constitution, Art. 7
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/France_2008?lang=en
|
2020/06/20
|
|
French Guiana
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/10
|
|
French Polynesia
|
b. In presidential elections
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
|
|
2004/01/15
|
|
Gabon
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Each candidate or list of candidates must deposit 500,000,000 XOF (762.3 euro). This amount is fully refundable to candidates or lists of candidates elected in majority system or to the list of candidates who has obtained at least 50% in proportional representation system, and partly refundable to candidates or lists of candidates who have obtained at least 10% of votes cast.
Source:
Law No. 7/96 of 12 March 1996 establishing common rules for all political elections, with all the subsequent amendments, art. 62, 67
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GA/gabon-code-electoral-2005/view (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Gambia
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Any person who is qualified to be registered as a voter may participate as independent candidate in any election.
Source:
Constitution, Chapter V, part 3, sections 47, 49: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gambia_2004?lang=en (2017)
Elections Decree 78 of 1996, part VIII, section 104 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GM/gambia-elections-decree-78-of-1996/view
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Georgia
|
b. In presidential elections
|
Presidental candidates: In order to nominate a candidate for President of Georgia, not less than 30 members of the Election Panel shall, after the membership of the Election Panel is approved but not later than the 30 days before the Election Day, file an application to the CEC.
Parliamentary elections: Under the new fully proportional system, independent candidates cannot stand for the parliamentary elections, contrary to OSCE commitments. To participate in the elections, parties must first register with the CEC. Parties that have an MP at the
time of calling elections have to submit their application no later than 57 days before election day.
Source:
The Election Code of Georgia, art. 98:
https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1557168?publication=87
OSCE Report (section F) p9:
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/6/4/571810_0.pdf
|
2024/07/25
|
|
Germany
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Constitution, Chapter 3, Art. 38 (2)
Constitution, Chapter 5, Art. 54 (2)
https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.pdf
|
2021/11/17
|
|
Ghana
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
The Public Elections Regulations (2016), art. 6, 7:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-public-elections-regulations-2016/view
|
2016/09/21
|
|
Greece
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 30, 31, 32 and 55;
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Greece_2008?lang=en
P.D. 96/2007 (Codification of the legal provisions on parliamentary elections), Art.34:1
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7827/file/Greece_Law_election_parliament_as_of_2007_en.pdf
|
2020/07/26
|
|
Greenland
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Persons with no party political affiliation (“single candidates”), must have collected signatures from 40 voters.
Source:
Inatsisartut: The Parliament of Greenland, Publication (2009) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/deea/dv/0503_/0503_12.pdf
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Grenada
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
In fact, it is not required to be member or nominated by a political party in order to become a candidate for House of Assembly.
Source:
Electoral Law 26.
|
2006/05/31
|
|
Guadeloupe
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Guam
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Independent candidates may run in legislative elections if a declaration of candidacy is filed with the Guam Election Commission by any five registered voter of Guam. Pertaining to municipal, district, or division elections: the five sponsoring voters must be a resident in the applicable municipality, district, or division.
Source:
3 Guam Code 6106:
http://www.guamcourts.org/CompilerofLaws/GCA/03gca/3gc006.PDF
|
2020/10/28
|
|
Guatemala
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos”, art. 212 & 213: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/
|
2023/05/29
|
|
Guinea
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
No candidature is receivable if it is not presented by a legally constituted political party.
Source:
Constitution (2010), art. 29, 61 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-constitution-2010-english-version/view;
Electoral Code No. 91/012/CTRN, art. 137: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-electoral-code-2010/
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
b. In presidential elections
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 11 November 2009 on the election of the President of the Republic and the National People's Assembly ("Lei Eleitoral Para Presidente da República e Assembleia Nacional Popular"), art. 97 (1-b), 98, 99: http://www.cne-guinebissau.org/phocadownload/lei_eleitoral.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Guyana
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Part II (Lists of Candidates) in the Representation of the People Act details how party lists must be submitted for candidacy. no provisions for independent candidates can be found.
Source:
Dr. Steve Surujbally, President of the Elections Commissions, elections(a)sdnp.gy
Representation of the People Act, art 9 - 11
|
2015/05/11
|
|
Haiti
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
International Mission for Monitoring Haitian Elections, 2006:
http://www.mieeh-immhe.ca/pdf/reportfeb7_e.pdf
Le Moniteur sous la direction de Beauzile, Fritzner, « Loi électoral », http://haitijustice.com/pdf/legislation/loi-electorale-haiti-2013.pdf, 168ième année No. 229, 2013
|
2015/04/08
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
g. Not applicable
|
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Honduras
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral de Honduras”, art. 150–151: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-electoral-2021-con-reformas-2021/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Presidential elections here refer to Chief Executive Elections in Hong Kong. To run for Chief Executive, you must be unaffiliated with political parties.
Source:
Legislative Council Ordinance, Sec.37:
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/HK/hong-kong-legislative-council-ordinance-cap-542;
Chief Executive Election Ordinance, Sec.13 (1)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/HK/hong-kong-chief-executive-election-ordinance-2012/view
|
2021/06/07
|
|
Hungary
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Any Hungarian citizen above the age of 35 years may be elected to serve as the President of the Republic.
A candidate in any individual constituency may run for election as
a) the candidate of any political party or
b) an independent candidate.
Source:
Constitution: The Fundamental Law of Hungary, The State, Article 10(2): http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=140968.322953;
Electoral Law: Act CCIII of 2011 on the Elections of Members of Parliament of Hungary, Section 5(1): http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=142940.283327.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
Iceland
|
b. In presidential elections
|
“Political organisations” in this Act means organisations that put forward candidates or have done so for the Althing elections. Each electoral list must be accompanied by a written declaration from its voters stating which political organisation the candidates on the list represent. All electoral lists that are put forward for the same political organisation will be matched together when the compensatory seats are allocated pursuant to Article 108. If the above declaration is missing the list will be considered a special candidature.
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act, Art. 32
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/3897/file/Iceland_Act_Parliamentary_Elections_to_Althing_2000_en.pdf
|
2020/07/27
|
|
India
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
The Representation of the People Act, 1951, Section 33: http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/04_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201951.pdf
Handbook for Candidates, Chapter III Section 9(b): https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/HandbookforCandidates/812155#6
|
2024/06/25
|
|
Indonesia
|
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
|
Independent candidates can only compete in legislative elections for the second Chamber (DPD).
Article 1(26): Election Contestants shall refer to political parties contesting in the Election to elect members of DPR, Provincial DPRD, and Regency/Municipal DPRD, and individuals contesting in the election for members of DPD.
Article 11: Election Contestants for the election of members of the Region Representatives Council are individuals.
The requirements for an individual to become an Election Contestant are identified in Articles 12 and 13 of Law 8/2012.
Source:
Law 8/2012 on General Election of the Members of House of Representatives, People’s Representatives Council and Regional House of Representatives, Art. 1 (26, 28), 11, 12, 13: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-law-8-2012-on-general-election-of-the/view;
Constitution, Art. 22E(4): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-constitution/view
|
2024/02/07
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
IFES: "Duality By Design: The Iranian Electoral System" (2011). Electoral Management Bodies https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/14620_2_R_Duality_by_Design__The_Iranian_Electoral_System_Yasmin_Alem.pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Iraq
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Source:
Certification of Political Entities and Coalitions, for The Iraqi Parliamentary Elections, Article 2: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/iraq-certification-of-political-entities-and/view
Electoral Law of the Iraqi Parliament, Article 8: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/iraq-electoral-law-of-the-iraqi-parliament-2013/view
|
2018/04/19
|
|
Ireland
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Where a candidate is not the candidate of a political party registered in the Register of Political Parties as a party organised to contest a Dáil election he shall be entitled to enter after his name on the nomination paper the expression “Non-Party” and, if he does so, the returning officer shall cause a statement of that expression to be specified in relation to the candidate on all the ballot papers and on notices.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 16, 18; https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html
Electoral Acts 1992-2011, Art. 46(5): https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1992/act/23/enacted/en/print#sec15
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Israel
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
The Knesset elects the President. Only lists that include at least one party can run in elections. There is also a 2% qualifying threshold, so a single member has no chance of being elected in the Israeli system of proportional representation.
Source:
Dr. Susan Hattis Rolef, The Knesset Research and Information Center
|
2015/03/15
|
|
Italy
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
|
Independent candidates must present themselves with their own Party or List. The Parties and the Lists must simply register and submit the signatures.
Source:
Eletoral Law: "Testo Unico delle Leggi Elettorali", art. 14
https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.del.presidente.della.repubblica:1957-03-30;361!vig=
Electoral Law of 20 December 1993, n. 533 ("Testo unico delle leggi recanti norme per l'elezione del Senato della Repubblica"), Art. 8
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Jamaica
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Candidates to the House not necessarily have to be nominated by a political party.
Source:
Electoral Code 23:2.
|
2006/05/30
|
|
Japan
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
|
Source:
Public Offices Election Act, Art. 86 and 86-4:
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325AC1000000100
|
2019/07/09
|
|
Jordan
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
For the 2016 elections, candidates can only stand for election on lists, as running individually is not permitted. The 2016 elections mark the first time elections are based on open-party lists.
A person shall nominate himself/herself for membership of the Chamber of Deputies in one electoral district and one list only.
Source:
The Law on the Election of the House of Representatives
Law No. (6) of 2016, art. 13: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/misc/jordan-law-on-the-election-of-the-house-of/view (2016)
|
2016/08/03
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
b. In presidential elections
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
1. The right to nominate candidates for the Presidency belongs to republican public associations registered in the prescribed manner.
3. Candidates to President shall be nominated by the republican public associations on behalf of their supreme bodies. A public association shall be eligible to nominate the candidates who are not members of the given public association.
(Constitutional Law on Elections, Art. 55).
2. Nomination of candidates to the Senate deputies shall be conducted:
1) at the sessions of the oblast (the cities of the Republican status and the capital), city and district maslikhats. The political parties, other public associations through their representatives in maslikhats shall nominate candidatures to Senate deputies of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In this case several maslikhats shall nominate one candidate;
2) by self-nomination.
5. Self-nomination of candidates to the Senate deputies shall be carried out by the citizens through submission to the corresponding territorial election commission of an application expressing an intention of the candidate to stand for elections of the Senate deputies from the given administrative-territorial unit.
(Constitutional Law on Elections, Art. 71).
1. The right to nominate candidates to the Mazhilis deputies on the basis of the party lists shall belong to political parties registered in accordance with the set procedures, while the right to nominate candidates to the Mazhilis deputies to be elected by the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan shall belong to the Board of Assembly.
(Constitutional Law on Elections, Art. 87,1). -> Only the Mazhilis deputies that are elected by the Assembly of the People can be independent.
Source:
Constitutional Law on Elections of the Republic of Kazakhstan as amended on June 29, 2018, art. 55, 71, 87: https://www.election.gov.kz/eng/election-legal-framework/the-laws-of-the-rk.php
|
2024/10/23
|
|
Kenya
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Constitution art. 85
|
2012/03/14
|
|
Kiribati
|
g. Not applicable
|
In Kiribati, the political parties are loose groupings rather than disciplined blocks, with little or no structure. Members may change allegiance on a number of occasions during their tenure. It is also common for members to vote according to the special interests of their electorate on certain issues.
Legal framework does not have a clause on political party.
Source:
Article 32, Constitution
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kiribati_2013
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
b. In presidential elections
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Electors registered as residents in any constituency may recommend anyone who is not a member of any political party as a candidate (hereinafter referred to as an independent candidate) to run in the election for that constituency, excluding proportional representation elections for National Assembly members and local council members.
Source:
Public Official Election Act, Article 46-49 https://www.nec.go.kr/site/eng/ex/bbs/List.do?cbIdx=1280
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Kuwait
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
There are no political parties in Kuwait.
Source:
Constitution, art. 82: http://www.pm.gov.kw/en/state_Of_Kuwait/kuwaitConstitution.jsp (2013);
Democracy Reporting International, Assessment of the Electoral Framework of Kuwait: http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/dri_kuwait_report_08.pdf (2013)
|
2013/01/31
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
b. In presidential elections
|
The right to nominate candidates for Jogorku Kenesh deputies shall belong to political parties, which were officially registered and/or reregistered in the established manner as of the date of official publication of the decision on calling of the election.
The right to nominate candidates for President belongs to citizens through self-nomination and to political parties registered in the established manner as of the date of official publication of the decision on calling of elections.
Source:
Constitutional Law No 68 of 2011 (amended 2020) “On elections of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic and deputies of Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic”, art. 49 and 60: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a1/KYRG_Const%20Laww%20on%20Elections%20of%20President%20and%20MPs.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Laos is a one-party communist state, but candidates for the National Assembly are not required to be part of the communist party.
Source:
Laos--Freedom in the World (2019), art. B2: https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1162151/download
|
2021/02/24
|
|
Latvia
|
b. In presidential elections
|
Constitution: Article 37. Any person who enjoys full rights of citizenship and who has attained the age of forty years may be elected President. A person with dual citizenship may not be elected President.
Electoral Law: Article 9: (1) A list of candidates may be submitted:
1) by a legally registered political party;
2) by a legally registered association of political parties.
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia as amended on 8 April 2009, art. 37: http://legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/4777/file/Latvia_Constitution_am2009_en.pdf (2014);
Electoral Law: The Saeima Election Law as in force on 19 July 2014, art. 9 (1): http://cvk.lv/pub/public/30870.html?doc_print=1 (2014)
|
2014/10/09
|
|
Lebanon
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
A person who meets the conditions to be a Member of the Parliament may nominate themselves for any electoral district however they are not allowed to nominate themselves in more than one district.
Source:
Parliamentary Election Law, art. 44; https://www.ministryinfo.gov.lb/en/22598
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Independent candidates can compete for 80 seats which are allocated by first past the post system, the other 40 seats are allocated by proportional representation and for these seats only political parties can compete.
Source:
National Assembly Electoral Act (2011), Article 41(3)
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Liberia
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Any Liberian citizen who is an eligible voter and meets the requirements for any elective public office shall have the right to participate in any general, special or by-election as an independent candidate by submitting to the Commission a declaration of Intent Letter, signed by him or her.
Source:
The New Elections Law (2016, with amendments up until and including 2014), Chapter 4, Art. 4.5 (5), http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view;National Elections Commission, Regulations and Regulations relating to Political Parties and Independent Candidates, Chapter IV, Section 1 (a) (February 2017), http://www.necliberia.org/doc_download/NEC_Revised_Guidelines_Final_Printed_Version_2017.pdf?a4705305cd27e04fb1f66830e7e0ef9d=Mg%3D%3D
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Requirements include:
1. A person who has completed the age of (25) by the day of submission
2. A holder of university grade or an equivalent.
3. A person who is not a member of the Higher National Election Commission: member
of its Board, central administration, local committees, nor the polling centers.
4. A person who has never been convicted for criminal or immoral offence, he is
rehabilitated.
5. A person who has been recommended by one hundreds voters from his
constituency.
6. In a position where he has deposited at the account of the Commission , a nonrefundable
amount of five hundred Dinar.
7. A person who meets the criteria of holding public positions.
Source:
Libya: Regulation of Candidates' Nomination for the Council of Representatives, Annexed to the Decision of the Board of Commissioners No. (50) 2014, Articles 5-7: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/Libya-Regulation-of-Candidates-Nomination-for-the/view
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
The right to nominate a candidate list is granted to electoral groups established by a minimum of 30 voters from the same constituency. An electoral group does not have to be a registered political party.
Source:
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Principality of Liechtenstein, Parliamentary Elections 9 February 2025, Needs Assessment Mission Report, 13-14 November 2024
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/e/5/584721.pdf
|
2025/02/18
|
|
Lithuania
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Law on Elections to the Seimas:
Article 37:
(1) Candidates for Seimas member may be nominated:
1. in the multi-member constituency and single-member constituencies – by the party which is registered pursuant to the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Political Parties (hereinafter: ‘the Law on Political Parties’) not later than 185 days prior to an election, meets the requirements regarding the number of party members as laid down in the Law on Political Parties and does not have the legal status of the party in respect of which the liquidation has been initiated or the legal status of the party placed under liquidation
2. in a single-member constituency - by every citizen of the Republic of Lithuania who qualifies to be elected as a Seimas member, may declare himself to a candidate for Seimas member, provided his candidature is supported by signatures of no less than 1,000 voters of that constituency. If a party does not nominate a list of candidates, a candidate nominated by the party must be supported in a single-member constituency by the signatures of at least 1,000 voters of that constituency.
(2) In the multi-member constituency parties shall nominate their candidates by presenting a list of candidates in which candidates are recorded in the succession established by the party. Unless the statutes of a party provide otherwise, candidates in single-member constituencies and the list of the candidates, recorded in succession, in the multi-member constituency must be approved at the congress or conference of the party. The list of candidates (joint list) must not include less than 25 and more than 141 candidates.
Law on Presidential Elections
Article 35:
(1) Individual persons may nominate themselves for President of the Republic.
Source:
Republic of Lithuania, Law on the Elections to the Seimas (9 July 1992, as last amended on 22 March 2016 – No XII-2265), art. 37(1-2)
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/89e6d1a0f58111e5bf4ee4a6d3cdb874?jfwid=tu0odnkka
Republic of Lithuania, Law on Presidential Elections (22 December 1992, as last amended on 6 November 2012 – No XI-2334), art. 35 (1)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/LT/republic-of-lithuania-law-on-presidential-1/at_download/file
|
2020/06/05
|
|
Luxembourg
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Source:
Electoral law, Art. 135: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/68/Luxembourg_electoral%20code_2003_amended2016_FR.pdf
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Article 2: (7) “Independent candidate” is a candidate for election of President of the Republic, Member of Parliament, Mayor or Member of Council supported by a “group of voters”
Article 59: (1) A list of candidate for President of the Republic may be submitted by at least 10,000 voters or at least 30 Members of Parliament.
Article 60: (1) Registered political parties, coalitions, as well as groups of voters (hereinafter: "list submitter") shall have the right to submit a list of candidates for Members of Parliament, Members of Council, i.e. list of candidate for Mayor.
Source:
Electoral Code of the Republic of Macedonia including 2021 amendments, art. 2 (7), 59 (1), 60 (1): https://www.ifes.org/document/northmacedoniaelectoralcodeupdatesseptember2021pdf
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Madagascar
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 15: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/constitution.pdf (2013);
Organic Law No. 2012-016 regulating legislative elections, art. 8, 24 (1), 25: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/loi%20_n-2012-016_%20elect_%20legis.pdf (2013);
Organic Law No. 2012-015 regulating presidential elections, art. 8: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/loi%20_n-2012-015_elect_%20pres.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/12
|
|
Malawi
|
b. In presidential elections
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Presidential, Parliamentary and Local Government Elections Act, art. 37(2)(e), 49(1)(d)
|
2025/05/26
|
|
Malaysia
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 47: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Maldives
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Parliamentary Election Act (2009)
10.(c) Independent candidates in a Parliamentary election who are not standing on behalf of a political party shall (...) submit a statement signed by at least 50 (fifty) adults aged 18 and above from the electoral constituency that the person is applying to contest in, showing their support for that person.(...)
Presidential Election Act (2008)
9.(c) Persons standing for presidential elections other than as nominees of a political party should(...) submit a statement signed by at least 1500 (one thousand five hundred) adults over 18 years of age, showing support for the person standing for elections(...).
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act (2009) art. 10: https://www.elections.gov.mv/en/core/downloads/Parliamentary%20Elections%20Act%202009.pdf
Presidential Election Act (2008) art.9: https://www.elections.gov.mv/en/core/downloads/Presidential%20Elections%20Act%20final(28th%20sep%202008).pdf
|
2019/02/13
|
|
Mali
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Article 57 du CE.
Verified by Mamadou Seck, Forum Civil, [email protected], 2008-02-20
|
2008/03/28
|
|
Malta
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Source:
General Elections Act, Art. 51, 52: http://www.parlament.mt/general_election_act?l=1 (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Candidates run as individuals. No provisions for party affiliation requirement.
Source:
Constitution; Elections and Referenda Act, as amended. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Marshall_Islands_1995
https://rmiparliament.org/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1980/1980-0020/ElectionsandReferendaAct1980_5.pdf
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Martinique
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Mauritania
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Every candidate running for the National Assembly must submit to the Public Treasury a deposit of 20,000 Mauritanian Ouguiyas (53.3 euro). This deposit will be refunded only to candidates or lists that obtained more than 5% of votes cast.
Source:
Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law n° 2012-015, art. 26, 47: www.mauritania.mr (2012);
Organic Law No. 2012 - 029 amending certain provisions of Ordinance No. 91-028 of 7 October 1991, as amended, concerning the organic law on the election of deputies to the National Assembly, art. 22
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Mauritius
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
" Every candidate for election at any general election may at his nomination declare in such manner as may be prescribed that he belongs to a party that is registered as such for the purpose of that general election and, if he does so, he shall be regarded as a member of that party for those purposes, while if he does not do so, he shall not be regarded as a member of any party for those purposes." This only relates to National Assembly elections. The other options are not applicable since there are no presidential elections and there is no chamber 2.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Mauritius, First Schedule. 2
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mexico
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 35 (II): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 357: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
The President and Vice President may be elected only after the Congress is fully organized. To be eligible for the office of the President and Vice President, a Member must be a member of Congress for a four-year term, and shall also have been a resident for at least 15 years and a Citizen by birth of the Federated States of Micronesia.
Source:
The National Election Code, Ch. 2, Section 201, 202, 206: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/title09/T9_Ch2_2014.html
Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia, Art. 9, Section 9; Art. 10, Section 4: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/constitution/constitution.htm
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
In both parliamentary and presidential elections, the following entities shall have the right to nominate candidates, provided they meet all requirements set forth by the present Code:
c) Moldovan citizens who nominate themselves for elections (independent candidates).
Source:
Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova 46:2 (c)
|
2019/02/18
|
|
Monaco
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Candidates have to be included in a party list.
Source:
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002, Art. 13, 14, 15, 25; https://legimonaco.mc/tnc/loi/1968/02-23-839/
Council of Europe, Group of States against corruption, Evaluation Report parties in Monaco (2016): http://rm.coe.int/fourth-evaluation-round-corruption-prevention-in-respect-of-members-of/16807313bb
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Mongolia
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
An indigenous citizen of Mongolia, who has attained the age of forty-five years and has permanently resided as a minimum for the last five years in Mongolia, shall be eligible for election to the post of President for a term of four years.
An independent candidate for legislative elections shall have signatures of 801 supporters-voters from one electoral district.
Source:
Electoral Law of 2016, Art. 127: https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7739/file/Mongolia_law_elections_2015_am2016_en.pdf
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Montenegro
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Electoral Law on Election of President: The candidate for president can be nominated by a political party or a group of citizens, on the basis of signatures of at least 1,5% of the total electorate using as reference the number of voters from the elections that preceded the Decision on Calling of the Elections.
A single political party or a group of citizens may nominate one candidate only.
Two or more political parties may nominate a joint candidate.
Electoral Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives: Article 38: 1. Political parties registered in Montenegro, separately or as a coalition, as well as groups of voters, shall propose candidates for their candidate lists on the basis of a certain number of voter signatures.
Source:
Electoral Law: Law on Election of President of Montenegro, adopted on 27 December 2007, art. 4.
Electoral Law: Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives as amended in 2016, art. 38(1).
|
2021/12/22
|
|
Morocco
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Source:
Organic Law No. 27.11 relating to the House of Representatives, Articles 23, 27 (2011): http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/0/lois/Loi_27-11_Fr.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Mozambique
|
b. In presidential elections
|
Candidates to the post of President of the Republic may be nominated by groups of citizen voters, supported by a minimum of ten thousand registered voters, duly identified.
Candidates for legislative elections can only be nominated by political parties or coalitions.
Source:
Constitution, art. 147 (2), 170 (3): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/mozambique-constitution-portuguese-version/view (2014);
Law No. 8/2013 of 27 February 2013 regulating presidential and legislative elections (as amended by Law No. 12/2014), art. 135 (2), 177 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/Mozambique-Law-No.-12-2014-of-13-April-2014/view (2014).
|
2014/10/02
|
|
Namibia
|
b. In presidential elections
|
Independent presidential candidates must be be supported by the endorsements of 300 registered voters
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act, art. 54(c)(i)
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Nauru
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Candidates can register to run as individuals. Parliament elects a president from among their members, with no political party requirement.
Source:
Constitution 1968, Art. 16 & 30-31.
|
2019/07/08
|
|
Nepal
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Constitution of Nepal 2015 Article 64, 87, 178, 222 (6) and 223 (6). http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2016/01/constitution-of-nepal-2.Pdf
|
2018/04/06
|
|
Netherlands
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
|
Non-registered political groups and individuals can also compete as so-called ‘blank lists’.
Source:
OSCE ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report, The Netherlands Parliamentary Elections 17 March 2021 (8);
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/4/0/478501.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
New Caledonia
|
b. In presidential elections
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
|
Source:
)
|
2004/01/14
|
|
New Zealand
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Any person qualified to be a candidate may, with his or her consent, be nominated as a constituency candidate for election for any electoral district, by not fewer than 2 registered electors of that district, by a nomination paper on a form provided by the Electoral Commission. Every constituency candidate, or some person on the constituency candidate’s behalf, shall deposit with the Returning Officer the sum of $300 not later than noon on nomination day. The candidate must also be a citizen who is registered to vote, has been in the country within the last three years, and is not serving a prison sentence of three or more years.
Source:
Electoral Act 1993, Art. 143, 144, 150 (8):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/NZ/new-zealand-electoral-act-2010/view (2017)
https://elections.nz/guidance-and-rules/for-candidates/candidate-handbook/becoming-a-candidate/#handbook-content
|
2024/07/10
|
|
Nicaragua
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Even though independent candidates are not foreseen in the electoral law, the opposition parties will hold primary elections in 2016 to include them as candidates for President and departmental deputies.
Source:
Electoral Law No. 331: “Ley Electoral No. 331 (enmendada por la ley No. 790 del 23/05/2012)”, art. 77:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/leyes-electorales/nicaragua-ley-no.-331-ley-electoral-2012/ (2016);
EU EOM Final Report, General and Parlacen Elections in Nicaragua, 2011:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/nicaragua-final-report-general-elections-eu/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Niger
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Independent candidates must be supported by a certain number of signatures and pay a deposit.
Source:
Constitution (2010), art. 43: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/NE/niger-constitution-2010/
|
2017/02/03
|
|
Nigeria
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
No association, other than a political party, shall canvass for votes for any candidate at any election.
Source:
Constitution 1999 (as amended), art. 65 (2-b), 131 (c), 221: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013)
|
2015/03/30
|
|
Niue
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Independent candidates may compete in legislative elections. Candidates run as individuals. There is no political party requirement for candidacy in legislative elections.
Source:
Niue Assembly Act, as amended, Art. 33.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
https://www.votecnmi.gov.mp/downloads/CEC_Regulation.pdf
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Norway
|
f. No information available
|
There are no independent candidates.
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Oman
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
They are all independent, political parties are banned.
Source:
Basic Statute of the State, as amended by Royal Decree No. 99/2011, art. 58 (bis 10): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Oman_2011.pdf?lang=en
|
2025/05/06
|
|
Pakistan
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Independent candidates compete in both elections.
Source:
The Representation of People Act 1976, Art. 12, 20A
https://pakvoter.org/wp-content/pdfs/Pakistan%20Election%20Laws/THE%20REPRESENTATION%20OF%20THE%20PEOPLE%20Rules%201977.pdf
Constitution, Art. 51
https://na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1333523681_951.pdf
|
2024/02/05
|
|
Palau
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
There are no provisions prohibiting candidates from running as individuals. Candidates run individually for national elections.
Source:
Voting Rights Act of 1981, as amended, Sec. 1101-1106.
|
2016/11/04
|
|
Palestine
|
b. In presidential elections
|
Source:
Elections Law 2 September 2007 regulating general elections, art. 44: http://www.elections.ps/Portals/0/pdf/Election_Law_%282007-Sept_02%29-EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/09
|
|
Panama
|
b. In presidential elections
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Only the 3 independent candidates with the highest number of signatures can compete in presidential elections.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”, art. 146: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral”, art. 3, 312–318, 326–332, 345, 356, 365,: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-codigo-electoral-2023/
|
2024/12/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Source:
Organic Law on National and Local-level Government Elections, Section 85, 87: http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/olonalge519/ (2017)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Any citizen has the right for running as candidate of political movements for national, departamental or municipal elective office, nominal or pluripersonal.
Source:
Electoral Law: Código Electoral Paraguayo (Ley 834/96), art. 85 y 95:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/paraguay-codigo-electoral-2014/ (2014)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
Peru
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Candidates can be nominated by registered parties, alliances or independent groups.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley 26859, orgánica de elecciones”, arts. 109 & 115: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-26859-organica-elecciones-2019/
|
2020/01/28
|
|
Philippines
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
The Election Code contains no party affiliation requirements for candidate eligibility.
Source:
The Omnibus Election Code ("Batas Pambansa Blg. 881, s. 1985"), Art. IX: http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/OmnibusElectionCode/OECArt9 (2016);
Final Report of the International Elections Observation Mission, The Asian Network for Free Elections ‐ ANFREL Foundation: http://newmediaauthority.com/anfrel/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/2010-Philippines.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/11
|
|
Poland
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Candidates for Deputies and Senators may be nominated by political parties or voters.
An application for candidacy to the post of President of the Republic must be supported by signatures of at least 100,000 citizens having the right to vote to the Sejm.
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2nd April, 1997, as amended in 2009, article 100 (1): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Poland_2009
Election Code: Act of 5 January 2011 on Election Code to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland, article 90 (2): https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/40/POL_Election%20Code.pdf
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
For the Presidency of the Republic, candidates are independent individuals and are not required to run as representatives of any specific political party.
In the case of legislative elections: "Nominations are submitted by political parties acting alone or in coalition and are subject to registration of the party or coalition by the beginning of the period for submitting nominations, and lists may include citizens who are not registered members of the respective parties." (Article 21 (1))
Source:
Law governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic, Article 21(1): https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/LeiEleitoralARen.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Independent candidates shall use as a basis to determine the number of endorsement petitions for primaries, which they are required to file, 3% of the valid votes polled by the candidate in the preceding General Election.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”, art. 7.15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Qatar
|
g. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Qatar_2003
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Romania
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Law No. 35 of 13 March 2008 for the election to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, art. 2(15).
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/4224/file/ROM%20Election%20Laws_en.pdf
Electoral Law: Law 370/2004 on the Election of the President of Romania, art. 3.https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7751/file/Romania_regulations_election_President_as_of_2009_en.pdf
|
2020/08/24
|
|
Russian Federation
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
2. Any citizen of the Russian Federation not younger than 35 years of age and with a permanent residence record in the Russian Federation of not less than 10 years may be elected President of the Russian Federation.
A citizen of the Russian Federation over 30 years old enjoying the constitutional right to elect or be elected to state authority bodies could be elected (appointed) member of the Council of the Federation.
4. A citizen of the Russian Federation who has attained the age of 21 on the voting day is eligible to be elected deputy of the State Duma.
Source:
The Constitution of the Russian Federation, art. 81, 97: http://www.constitution.ru/10003000/10003000-6.htm
Federal Law On Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, amended as of April 5, 2016, article 4: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiz-9bZwf6EAxVX4skDHb15AeIQFnoECBEQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.te.gob.mx%2Fvota_elections%2Fpage%2Fdownload%2F16240&usg=AOvVaw3NYZOKj696lT-b9Q5THAwf&opi=89978449
|
2024/03/25
|
|
Rwanda
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Independent candidature for legislative elections shall be considered as an individual closed list. All candidatures are presented at national level. The identification of an independent candidate shall be accompanied by a list of at least six hundred (600) Rwandan citizens who affixed their signatures or fingerprints on his/her list and registered on the electoral list, including at least twelve (12) people domiciled in each District.
Source:
Laws governing elections in Rwanda Article 94. http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-organic-law-nb0-17-2003-of-07-07-2003/view
|
2024/12/04
|
|
Réunion
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Saint Helena
|
f. No information available
|
|
2007/01/19
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
A person shall be qualified to be elected or appointed as a member of the National Assembly if, and shall not be so qualified unless, he or she is a citizen of the age of twenty-one years or upwards and he or she or one of his or her parents was born in Saint Christopher and Nevis and he or she is domiciled there at the date of his or her nomination for election or his or her appointment, as the case may be.
Source:
Article 27, Constitution
|
2020/04/15
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Being a part of a political party is not a requirement.
Source:
Electoral Department of St Lucia website. http://www.electoral.gov.lc/candidates-parties/eligibility
|
2013/07/16
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la Nación Argentina — Ley 24430, texto oficial ordenado”, art. 38: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-constitucion-nacional-reformas-1994/ (2019);
Political Parties’ Law: “Ley Orgánica de los Partidos Políticos — Ley 23298”, art. 2: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-23298-organica-pp-pp-2017/ (2019);
Law for the Democratisation of political representation, transparency, and electoral equity: “Ley de Democratización de la representación política, la transparencia y la equidad electoral — Ley 26571”, art. 21: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-26571-democratizacion-transparencia-equidad-2019/ (2019)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Samoa
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
A Member elected as an independent Member who takes the oath of allegiance as an independent Member must remain as an independent Member for the Parliamentary term.
Source:
The Electoral Act 2019, Article 140 (4): https://www.palemene.ws/wp-content/uploads/Electoral-Act-2019-Eng.pdf (2021)
|
2021/04/10
|
|
San Marino
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Source:
Electoral law N.6 of 31 January 1996, Art. 14, 18, 38: http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21801leggi_5336.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/28
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Provided that they are supported by a group of 100 qualified electors.
Source:
Electoral Law of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe n.º 11/90 of 26 November 1990, as amended (latest amendment - 2006), art. 19, 38: http://www.stj.st/download/Lei_Eleitoral.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
g. Not applicable
|
Source:
Shura Council Law, art. 3: http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Laws+and+Regulations/The+Shura+Council+and+the+rules+and+regulations+job/Shura+Council+Law/ (2012);
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Senegal
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Independent candidates must be supported by a certain number of registered voters and pay a deposit.
Source:
Electoral Code 2012, art. LO.145 (2), L.169, L.179 (5), LO.115 (3), LO.116, LO.117: http://www.elections2012.sn/images/stories/CE2012.pdf (2017)
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Serbia
|
b. In presidential elections
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
The electoral list may be submitted by a political party registered in the Register of
Political Parties (hereinafter: political party), a coalition of political parties or a group of
citizens.
A candidate for the President of the Republic (hereinafter: candidate) may be
nominated by... a group of citizens.
Note: No explicit law stating whether candidates must belong to a political party, but groups of citizens may nominate candidates unaffiliated with a party may submit candidates or lists of their choosing with sufficient signatures.
Source:
Electoral Law: Law on Election of Members of Parliament, art. 62.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/on-the-election-of-members-of-the-parliament/view
Law on the Elections of Representatives of the Republic of Serbia, art. 12.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/on-the-election-of-members-of-the-parliament/view
|
2022/07/21
|
|
Seychelles
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Elections Act Chapter 68A (1996) sec. 15 (4)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-electoral-act-1996/view
|
2025/02/28
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
A Presidential candidate shall be nominated by a political party.
Source:
Constitution (2008), section 42 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-constitution-2008/
|
2017/01/13
|
|
Singapore
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
27.1 Any group that desires to contest in any election in any group representation constituency shall consist of independent candidates standing as a group.
9.1 Any person eligible for election to the office of President in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution may be nominated as a candidate for election to the office of President.
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act, art. 27A (3-b): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/SG/singapore-parliamentary-elections-act-2011/view (2017)
Presidential Elections Act, art. 9: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/SG/singapore-president-elections-act-2011/view (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Slovakia
|
b. In presidential elections
|
(1) On the basis of a permanent list of electors 3), a municipality shall make a list of electors qualified to elect the president (hereinafter the “list of qualified electors”) in individual election precincts.
(2) A municipality shall make the list of qualified electors also for a special election precinct; the head of the respective facility shall
cooperate with the municipality in making of the list. The municipality, in which a special election precinct was established shall
immediately inform the respective municipality, according to the permanent residence of a qualified elector, about his/her registration
on the list of qualified electors.
Source:
Act on Election of the President of the Slovak Republic, plebiscite, recalling of president and amending of some other acts, as amended, Article 11
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SK/slovakia-presidential-election-law-1999/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Slovenia
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Constitution, articles 80 and 96.
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Slovenia_2013?lang=en
National Assembly Election Act, article 44.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SI/national-assembly-elections-act/view
|
2017/03/30
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
National Parliament Electoral Provisions Act (2010 Consolidated Version), Art. 26 (1): Any person submitting himself for election, hereinafter referred to as a candidate, shall be nominated in writing by three electors ordinarily resident in the constituency for which he is a candidate and the persons making the nomination.
Political Parties Integrity Act No. 9 of 2014, Art. 45(4) Notwithstanding subsection (2), a person may stand as an independent candidate, if he or she is duly nominated as such in accordance with the provisions of the National Parliament Electoral Provisions Act (Cap. 87).
Source:
National Parliament Electoral Provisions Act (2010 Consolidated Version), sec. 26 (1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-national-parliament-electoral-3/view (2014).
Political Parties Integrity Act No. 9 of 2014, Art. 45 (4):http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-political-parties-integrity-act/view (2019).
|
2019/03/01
|
|
Somalia
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Transitional Constitution of 2012, Art. 58, 89: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
|
2016/11/25
|
|
South Africa
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Members of the National Assembly are elected by proportional representation from party lists. The President is elected from the members of the National Assembly. No provision is made for independent candidates.
Source:
Electoral Act of 1998 (as amended to 2013), Articles 26 & 27: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-electoral-act-73-of-1998-as-amended/view
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Preamble: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-electoral-act-2010/view
|
2014/05/01
|
|
South Sudan
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Any person is eligible to stand as an independent candidate if she/he is not a member of a registered political party and has not been a member for at least 3 months before the date of election and if she/he has been registered as a voter in the constituency she/he intends to stand for election.
Independent candidates for the National Legislative Assembly shall be seconded by not less than 100 voters registered in their geographical constituency.
In addition, independent candidates for the National Assembly elections must submit a deposit of 100 South Sudanese Pounds (18.1 euro). This deposit shall be refunded if the candidate obtains more than 10% of the valid votes cast or if the candidate withdraws at any time not later than 45 days before the polling day.
Source:
Transitional Constitution 2011: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e269a3e2.html%C2%A0 (2012);
National Elections Act of 2012, art. 75 (2 a), 76, 77 (4, 5): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SS/south-sudan-the-national-elections-act-no.-39-of/view
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Spain
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
|
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General”, arts. 43, 44 & 169:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-ley-organica-5-1985-de-19-de-junio-del-1/
|
2025/04/03
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Any recognized political party or any group of persons contesting as independent candidates...
Source:
Constitution, Art. 99 (3): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LK/sri-lanka-constitution-as-amended-up-to-9/at_download/file
|
2016/02/04
|
|
Sudan
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
The candidature of independent candidates for the National Assembly elections must be supported by at least one hundred voters registered in the geographical constituency. In addition, candidates for the National Assembly must submit a deposit of 100 Sudanese Pounds (18 euro). This deposit shall be refunded if the candidate secures more than ten percent (10%) of the valid votes cast in the election or if he or she withdraws at any time thirty days prior to polling day.
Source:
The National Elections Act 2008, art. 41 (1), 45 (1), 53 (1), 54 (2), 55 (4, 5): http://www.gurtong.org/ResourceCenter/documents/Reports/Elections-09/nationalelectionsact2008.pdf (2012)
|
2012/09/04
|
|
Suriname
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 38, 40: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Suriname/english.html (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Swaziland
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Only independents may stand, political parties are banned.
Source:
Proclamation No 7 of 12 April 1973.
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Sweden
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 2005, Ch. 2, Section 9: http://www.val.se/pdf/2005_elections_act.pdf (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 136, 149, 152: https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/201506140000/101.pdf(2015)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Tajikistan
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Political parties have the right to nominate candidates and also citizens have the right to self-nominate to the deputies of the Majlisi Namoyandagon.
Political parties can also nominate persons as candidates, who are not members of political parties.
A candidate to the post of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan shall be nominated by political parties of the republic, which are registered in accordance with the established procedures of Constitutional Law, Federation of Independent Trades Union of Tajikistan, Youth Union of Tajikistan in their congresses and conferences based on their charters, Majlis of people’s deputies of GBAO, Majlis of people’s deputies of oblasts, Majlis of people’s deputies of Dushanbe as well as majlis of deputies’ representatives of Majlises of people’s deputies of districts and towns of the republican subordination. Criteria of representing and procedure of organizing and conducting of Majlis of representatives of people’s deputies Majlises of districts and towns of the republican subordination shall be determined by the Central Commission for Elections and Referenda.
Each political party, Federation of Independent Trades Union of Tajikistan, Youth Union of Tajikistan, Majlis of people’s deputies of GBAO, Majlis of people’s deputies of oblasts, Majlis of people’s deputies of Dushanbe as well as majlis of deputies’ representatives of Majlises of people’s deputies of districts and towns of the republican subordination shall nominate onle one candidate to the post of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. Decision on nomination of a candidate to the post of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan shall be passed by the majority of votes of total number of political party delegates to congress or conference, Federation of independent Trades Union of Tajikistan, Youth Union of Tajikistan, by the majority of votes of total number of people’s deputies of Majlis of people’s deputies of GBAO, Majlis of people’s deputies of oblasts, Majlis of people’s deputies of Dushanbe as well as by the majority of votes of total number of majlis of deputies’ representatives of Majlises of people’s deputies of districts and towns of the republican subordination. The form of voting shall be determined by the body nominating a candidate to the post of the President. There shall be compiled a protocol on nominating a candidate.
A candidate to the post of the President shall have the support of 5 per cent of citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan who have universal suffrage.
Source:
Constitutional Law On Elections to the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan, amended as of July 26, 2014, article 30.
Constitutional Law on the Election of the President, amended as of January 1, 2006, article 24.
|
2025/02/18
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
One of the qualifications for running in both presidential and legislative elections is that the candidates are members of and candidates proposed by a political party.
Source:
Constitution, art. 39 (1-c), 67 (1-b): http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Tanzania.pdf (2013)
|
2015/10/26
|
|
Thailand
|
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
|
Eligible candidates for Senatorial elections shall not be members of any political party or hold any position by the political party, or if so, must have left no less than five years to the day of application or nomination.
Source:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, Sec. 107-111: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Thailand_2017
|
2023/10/11
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
b. In presidential elections
|
Candidacies for parliamentary elections shall be presented by duly registered political parties individually or in party coalition as long as they are duly registered, and the lists may include citizens not belonging to the respective parties.
Candidacies for presidential elections shall be presented by a minimum number of 5,000 (five thousand) voting citizens from all districts.
Source:
Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, article 75 (1): https://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf
Law n.º 6/2006 on the Election of the National Parliament of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, article 19 (1):
https://mj.gov.tl/jornal/lawsTL/RDTL-Law/RDTL-Laws/Law-2006-06.pdf
Law No. 7/2006 on the election of the President of the Republic with the 2012 amendment, art. 15 (1)
|
2024/11/14
|
|
Togo
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Organic Law of 18/06/2012 fixing the number of members of the National Assembly, the eligibility criteria and the incompatibilities, art. 23 (3): http://archives.assemblee-nationale.tg/admin/pdf/Loi-organique-fixant-le-nombre-de-d-put-s-2-lecture-.pdf (2012)
|
2013/01/03
|
|
Tonga
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Any person who is qualified to be an elector may be chosen as a representative provided that s/he adheres to the other specified requirements stated in the law and the constitution.
Source:
Constitution of Tonga, Art. 64, 65: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/Tonga%20Act%20of%20Constitution%201988.pdf/view (2021)
|
2021/09/15
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
A candidate for President must be nominated by twelve or more members of the House of Representatives. A candidate for the House of Representatives must be nominated by six or more citizens.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”, Section 30(a): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act”, Election Rules, Section 7: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-rop-2016/ ;
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Tunisia
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
A candidate in the 2014 presidential elections must be endorsed by ten members of the National Constituent Assembly or ten thousand registered voters distributed over ten constituencies at least, at a minimum of five hundred voters per constituency.
Source:
Organic Law n° 2014-16 of 26 May 2014 on Elections and Referenda, art. 41 (1), 171: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/view (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
The President of the Republic is elected for a term of office of seven years by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey from among its own members who are over 40 years of age and who have completed their higher education or from among Turkish citizens who fulfill these requirements and are eligible to be deputies.
The nomination of a candidate for the Presidency of the Republic from outside the Grand National Assembly of Turkey requires a written proposal by at least one-fifth of the total number of members of the Assembly.
Law: art. 12: Every Turkish citizen eligible for candidature can stand for parliamentary elections - there is no obligation of being a political party member for candidature.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 101: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 12: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Law of Turkmenistan on Elections of Deputies of the Mejlis of Turkmenistan (2008), art. 29, 31;
Law on Elections of the President of Turkmenistan (2011), art. 27, 29
|
2013/03/05
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Each candidate shall be nominated by at least two registered voters of the corresponding electoral district.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Elections Ordinance”, Section 27(5): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-elections-ordinance-2018/
|
2020/10/08
|
|
Tuvalu
|
g. Not applicable
|
There are no formal political parties, so all candidates are independent. The head of state is the British monarch, so there are no presidential elections.
Source:
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tv.html; Hassall, Graham (2006): The Tuvalu General Election 2006, Democracy and Elections Project (Governance Program), University of the South Pacific, Fiji. (http://www.governance.usp.ac.fj/fileadmin/files/thematic/elections/docs/Hassall_-_Election_Observation_Report_Tuvalu_2006.pdf); Constitution, art. 48-49
|
2012/06/19
|
|
Uganda
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act as amended in 2010, art. 10
http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/parliamentary%20election%20Act%202005.pdf (2016)
|
2016/02/08
|
|
Ukraine
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
The right to nominate legislative candidates in the single-member constituencies shall be exercised either through the political parties or through self nomination.
The right to nominate candidates to the post of the President of Ukraine shall belong to Ukrainian citizens who are eligible to vote. They shall exercise this right through political parties or their election blocs, as well as by self-nomination.
Source:
Law on Elections of the President of Ukraine (last amended in 2019) art. 10 (1):
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/474-14
The Law on Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine (last amended in 2019),
art. 52 (2), 55 (2)
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/4061-17
|
2019/03/12
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Only independent candidates can compete in legislative elections, given that there are no political parties in UAE. Candidates must be nominated by qualified electors and pay a non-reimbursable deposit of 1,000 UAE dirhams (219 euro).
Source:
IPU Parline Database: http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2333.htm (2019)).
|
2019/09/25
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
Source:
Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 (as amended, 2025), art. 22;
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/41/section/28#commentary-key-e27b2b20645410eba82524ec4149f891
Political Parties and Elections Act 2009;
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/12/contents
Electoral Administration Act 2006
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/22/part/5
|
2025/06/17
|
|
United States of America
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Source:
Federal Election Commission (www.fec.gov)
|
2024/10/15
|
|
Uruguay
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Candidates can only be nominated by political parties, however, it is not a requirement to be affiliated to the party.
Source:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, art. 271, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
|
2024/12/18
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
Right to nominate a candidate for Presidency of the Republic of Uzbekistan, a candidate for deputy of the Legislative Chamber and a candidate for deputy of local Kengashes belongs to political parties.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chapter 7, Article 37: https://lex.uz/docs/4458857?ONDATE=26.06.2019#4461397
|
2024/08/26
|
|
Vanuatu
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
There are no provisions requiring affiliation with a political party to be a presidential or parliamentary candidate. Candidates are elected as individuals, irrespective of their political party affiliation.
Source:
Constitution; Representation of the People Act, as amended: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
https://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/em/electoral-management-case-studies/vanuatu-limitations-to-the-independence-of-the-emb
|
2025/03/27
|
|
Venezuela
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
All the above candidates have the right to run for elections:
1. Political organizations.
2. Groups of electors.
3. Independent citizens.
4. Indigenous communities or organizations.
Independent candidates must be supported by electors' signatures equal to five percent (5%) of the population in the Electoral Registry of the constituency they wish to run for.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica de Procesos Electorales”, art. 49, 52, 53: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-ley-organica-procesos-electorales-2009/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
Viet Nam
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
The candidates nominated by the political, socio-political or social organizations, or the People’s Armed force units or State agencies at the local level and the independent candidates shall submit their dossiers to the Election Committee of the place where they stand for the election.
Source:
Law of 1997 on Election of Deputies to the National Assembly, as amended and supplemented by laws No. 31/2001/QH10 and No: 63/2010/QH12, art. 28
http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/lists/vn%20bn%20php%20lut/view_detail.aspx?itemid=2526 (2016)
|
2021/03/24
|
|
Virgin Islands, British
|
f. No information available
|
|
2019/02/21
|
|
Virgin Islands, U.S.
|
f. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Wallis and Futuna
|
b. In presidential elections
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
|
|
2003/11/28
|
|
Western Sahara
|
f. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Yemen
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Independent candidates shall secure the commendation of at least 300 voters representing the majority of electoral centers within the constituency where they intend to run. Each commending voter must:
1. Be duly listed in voter registers within the constituency in focus;
2. Not exercise this right in commending more than one candidate.
In addition Every running candidate shall be required to pay YR 5,000 (19 euro) as campaign fee.
Source:
General Elections and Referendum Law of 2001, art. 57, 58 (b, c): http://www.scer.org.ye/english/generalelectionslaw.htm (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
Zambia
|
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
|
A person is eligible for election as an independent
candidate for a National Assembly seat if the person—
(a) is not a member of a political party and has not been a
member of a political party for at least two months
immediately before the date of the election;and
(b) meets the qualifications specified in Article 70 for election
as a Member of Parliament.
Source:
http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/amendment_act/Constitution%20of%20Zambia%20%20%28Amendment%29,%202016-Act%20No.%202_0.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Zanzibar
|
a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
|
A person cannot be qualified to be a candidate for presidential elections or elections to the House of Representatives unless he is a member and candidate proposed by a political party.
Source:
The Constitution of Zanzibar, art. 26 (2), 68 (d)
http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tz/tz028en.pdf (2016)
|
2016/04/05
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
|
Electoral law provides for the nomination of candidates in any election
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Zimbabwe, Section (157)
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Zimbabwe_2013
|
2023/09/25
|
