|
total countries/territories: 229
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Afghanistan
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Article 11, Election Law (2014)
http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf
|
2019/09/24
|
|
Albania
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
|
The Electoral Code: Art. 27:
1. Electoral Administration Zones (EAZ) are established and function in accordance with this Code for every kind of election and referendum.
2. The territorial jurisdiction of an EAZ, as a rule, is the same as the administrative territory of the municipality according to the law regulating the administrative-territorial organization in the Republic of Albania. Municipalities that have more than 80 thousand citizens with the right to vote shall be divided by the CEC into more than one Electoral Administration Zone based on the following criteria:
a) the inseparability of the territory of the administrative unit, except for those with more than 80 thousand voters;
b) the contiguity and compactness of the territory, while avoiding the geographical barriers;
c) good possibilities for transportation within the territory;
ç) approximate number of voters.
Source:
The Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania, dated 2 April 2015, Art. 27. Art. 27 changed in 2015.
|
2017/05/17
|
|
Algeria
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
|
The constituencies for the election of members of the People's National Assembly are delimited according to the boundaries of the municipalities (wilaya).
However, a municipality (wilaya) may be divided into two or more electoral constituencies based on geographical and population density criteria.
Source:
Electoral law (Loi organique n° 12-01 du 18 Safar 1433 correspondant au 12 janvier 2012 relative au régime électoral), art. 26: http://www.parliament.am/library/norelectoral%20law/aljir.pdf; (2017)
Ordonnance n° 12-01 du 20 Rabie El Aouel 1433 correspondant au 13 février 2012 déterminant les circonscriptions électorales et le nombre de sièges à pourvoir pour l’élection du Parlement, art. 3, 6: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DZ/algeria-ordonnance-nb0-12-01-du-13-fevrier-2012/view (2017)
|
2019/09/25
|
|
American Samoa
|
b. Respecting natural barriers
|
Source:
Revised Constitution of American Samoa, Art.2(ii)
|
2017/08/18
|
|
Andorra
|
a. "Equality" of population
g. Other
|
Existing regional/provincial/other boundaries are used. A single national constituency exists for the purposes of federal elections.
Source:
Constitution of the Principality of Andorra, Title 4, Art.52: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-constitution-1993-1/ ;
Electoral law: 28/2007 - "Llei qualificada del règim electoral i del referèndum", art. 2 at 9: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-electoral-law-2007/
|
2023/06/09
|
|
Angola
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Existing national and provincial boundaries are used.
Source:
Constitution of 3 February 2010: art. 144: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Angola_2010?lang=en (2017);
Electoral Law n.º 36/11 of 21 December 2011 regulating General Elections, art. 24: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/AO/angola-law-n.o-36-11-of-21-december-2011/view (2017)
|
2017/09/13
|
|
Anguilla
|
i. No information available
|
|
2015/02/24
|
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
g. Other
|
In reviewing the number, and the boundaries, of the constituencies and making its report thereon, a Constituencies Boundaries Commission shall be guided by such general principles as may be prescribed by Parliament.
Source:
Constitution: Section 64:3.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20-%20Constitution/view
|
2014/06/06
|
|
Argentina
|
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
|
Districts and Sections are political-administrative boundaries. Circuits take special care of bringing together voters by the closeness of their homes, while having to bear in mind the roads, rivers, watercourses and communication routes in between homes and polling stations. Circuits also try to abbreviate distances between the population nucleus and places where polling stations are going to function.
Source:
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral Nacional — Ley 19945”, art. 39: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-19945-codigo-electoral-nacional-2019/view
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Armenia
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Article 78. Electoral districts
1. During elections of the National Assembly, 13 electoral districts shall be constituted in the Republic of Armenia — 4 in Yerevan, 9 in marzes.
2. In the territory of the city of Yerevan 4 electoral districts shall be constituted — Avan, Nor
Nork, Kanaker-Zeytun administrative districts shall be included in the 1st electoral district,
Arabkir, Ajapnyak, Davitashen administrative districts — in the 2nd electoral district, Malatia-Sebastia,
Shengavit administrative districts — in the 3rd electoral district, Kentron, Nork-Marash,
Erebuni, Nubarashen administrative districts — in the 4th electoral district.
3. In marzes 9 electoral districts shall be constituted — Ararat Marz, Armavir Marz,
Aragatsotn Marz, Gegharkunik Marz, Lori Marz, Kotayk Marz, Shirak Marz, Syunik and Vayots
Dzor Marzes, Tavush Marz.
Source:
Electoral Code of 25 May 2016, art. 78: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-REF(2016)042-e
|
2017/04/12
|
|
Aruba
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Mr. Hubert Maduro, President, Electoral Council of Aruba
|
2017/07/07
|
|
Australia
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (amended in 2019)
Section 66: Redistribution Committee to make proposed redistribution
(2) The proposed redistribution shall propose the distribution of the State or Territory into Electoral Divisions equal in number to the number of members of the House of Representatives to be chosen in the State or Territory at a general election.
(3) In making the proposed redistribution, the Redistribution Committee:
(a) shall, as far as practicable, endeavour to ensure that, if the State or Territory were redistributed in accordance with the proposed redistribution, the number of electors enrolled in each Electoral Division in the State or Territory would not, at the projection time determined under section 63A, be less than 96.5% or more than 103.5% of the average divisional enrolment of that State or Territory at that time; and
(b) subject to paragraph (a), shall give due consideration, in relation to each proposed Electoral Division, to:
(i) community of interests within the proposed Electoral Division, including economic, social and regional interests;
(ii) means of communication and travel within the proposed Electoral Division;(iv) the physical features and area of the proposed Electoral Division; and (v) the boundaries of existing Divisions in the State or Territory;
and subject thereto the quota of electors for the State or Territory shall be the basis for the proposed redistribution, and the Redistribution Committee may adopt a margin of allowance, to be used whenever necessary, but in no case shall the quota be departed from to a greater extent than one‑tenth more or one‑tenth less.
(3A) When applying subsection (3), the Redistribution Committee must treat the matter in subparagraph (3)(b)(v) as subordinate to the matters in subparagraphs (3)(b)(i), (ii) and (iv).
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (amended in 2019) Section 66: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103/f85985f8-e256-4e11-ad31-884ed7f92224
|
2024/09/09
|
|
Austria
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
For election purposes the federal territory is partitioned in nine provincial constituencies, whereby each province constitutes a provincial constituency. The provincial constituency bears the name of the province and has a number according to the alphabetical order of the provinces.
Source:
Federal Law on the Election of the National Council (1992), Art. 2
http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6544
|
2017/11/16
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
a. "Equality" of population
c. Compactness of constituencies
g. Other
|
Election constituencies shall be formed in observation of the following requirements:
29.3.1: As a rule, the number of registered voters should be approximately equal among the election constituencies within the
boundaries of the administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Azerbaijan, but no more than 10% higher/lower than the average representation norm in distant or impassible places and no more than 5% higher than the average representation norm elsewhere;
29.3.2. The formation of election constituencies in administrativeterritorial units that do not share borders shall be prohibited.
29.3.3. Determining (or changing) the boundaries of election constituencies with the intended purpose of creating a majority of any group of voters shall not be allowed.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan including 2024 amendments, article 29.3: https://msk.gov.az/uploads/qanunvericilik/Election-Code-2024.pdf
|
2024/11/12
|
|
Bahamas
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
...the number of voters entitled to vote for the purposes of electing every member of the House of Assembly shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, be the same and the need to take account of special consideration such as the needs of sparsely populated areas, the practicably of elected members maintaining contact with electors in such areas, size, physical features,natural boundaries and geographical isolation.
Source:
Constitution: Art. 70 (2)
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahamas_2002?lang=en
(2017)
|
2017/03/27
|
|
Bahrain
|
i. No information available
|
Source:
Decree No. 71 of 2014 on Electoral Constituencies: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/BH/bahrain-collection-of-electoral-laws-2014-in/view
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Bangladesh
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
S. M. Asaduzzaman; Public Relations Officer; Bangladesh Election Commission. Email: [email protected]
|
2012/05/30
|
|
Barbados
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
|
The provision of the Third Schedule of the Constitution states that
1.The electorate shall, so far as practicable, be equal in all constituencies:
Provided that the electorate in any constituency shall, so far as practicable,
not exceed 115%, nor be less than 85%, of the total electorate divided by the
number of constituencies therein.
2. Natural boundaries such as highways and rivers shall be used wherever
possible.
Source:
Third Schedule of the Constitution
|
2011/05/31
|
|
Belarus
|
a. "Equality" of population
c. Compactness of constituencies
|
110 electoral circuits are created for the holding of elections of deputies of the House of Representatives on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Electoral circuits are created with an approximately equal number of electors: deviation of the number of electors in the electoral circuit may not exceed 10 percent.
Source:
Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 15: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Belgium
|
g. Other
|
No criteria are provided by law. However, the Constitution specifies that seats are distributed according to the population of each electoral constituency.
Source:
The Belgian Constitution, Article 63
http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/publications/constitution/GrondwetUK.pdf
|
2019/04/25
|
|
Belize
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
g. Other
|
Transport and other facilities of the division are also taken into consideration.
Source:
Constitution: “Belize Constitution, Chapter 4”, Part VI, Section 90: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-constitution-2022/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act, Chapter 9”, Section 17: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-representation-people-act-2011
|
2025/03/24
|
|
Benin
|
i. No information available
|
Source:
Law No. 2010-35 of 21 December 2010 regulating the election of members of the National Assembly, art. 2
http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-legislatives-2011.pdf (2012)
|
2019/04/05
|
|
Bermuda
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
The Commission -
a) shall take no account of the racial distribution of electors within Bermuda;
b) shall take account of geographical features and natural boundaries within Bermuda; (
c) may ignore the boundaries of parishes; and
d) shall ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that each constituency is a contiguous unit.
Source:
Randy Scott, Parliamentary Registry, Bermuda Constitution, Art. 54(2)
|
2012/05/31
|
|
Bhutan
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
A Delimitation Commission shall, for the purposes of section 4, allocate to each Dzongkhag a number of seats in the National Assembly, so far as practicable, in proportion to its registered voter population.
Source:
Election Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2008, Chapter 2, Article 5: https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ElectionActEnglish.pdf
|
2024/08/27
|
|
Bolivia
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 146 (VI, VII): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
Electoral Law: “Ley del Régimen Electoral — Ley 026-2010”, art. 60 (I), 61 (II), 61 (III): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-026-2010-regimen-electoral-vigente/ (2019).
|
2024/12/09
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
g. Other
|
The Central Election Commission (CEC) of BiH is given the mandate to review constituency boundaries every four years. This process.
The Republika Srpska (RS) entity has adopted its own election law in 2024, which attempts to establish a separate entity-level election commission with authority over elections within RS.
Source:
Electoral Law: Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Arts. 10.12, 10.2 and 11.9.
https://www.izbori.ba/Documents/documents/ZAKONI/BiH_Election_Law_last_consolidated_version.pdf?v-4 (2024)
|
2025/06/23
|
|
Botswana
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
The boundaries of each constituency shall be such that the number of inhabitants thereof is as nearly equal to the population quota as is reasonably practicable. Provided that the number of inhabitants of a constituency may be greater or less than the population quota in order to take account of natural community of interest, means of communication, geographical features, density of population, and the boundaries of Tribal Territories and administrative districts.
Source:
Constitution of Botswana art. 65 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-constitution-of-1966-with-amendments-up/view (2014).
|
2014/10/24
|
|
Brazil
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
The President is elected from a single country-wide constituency.
For federal elections to National Congress (Chamber of Deputies and Senate) each State and the Federal District forms a constituency.
Constitution, Article 45:
The Chamber of Deputies is composed of representatives of the people, elected, by the proportional system, in each state, territory and in the Federal District.
Paragraph 1. The total number of Deputies, as well as the representation of the states and of the Federal District shall be established by a supplementary law, in proportion to the population, and the necessary adjustments shall be made in the year preceding the elections, so that none of those units of the Federation has less than eight or more than seventy Deputies.
Electoral Code, Article 86:
In presidential elections, the constituency will be the country; in federal and state elections, the state; and in municipal elections, the respective municipality.
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, Article 45, 46:
https://www.oas.org/es/sla/ddi/docs/acceso_informacion_base_dc_leyes_pais_b_1_en.pdf - English
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil - Portuguese
Electoral Code, Law No. 4.737, 1965 of July 15, Article 83, 84, 85, 86:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
|
2024/10/11
|
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2013/03/18
|
|
Bulgaria
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
For holding elections within the country is divided into 31 multi electoral region, including three in Sofia-city and two in Plovdiv District. Other electoral districts coincide with the boundaries of the districts.
Source:
Art. 247(1),249(1).
http://dv.parliament.bg/DVWeb/showMaterialDV.jsp?idMat=82965
(2014)
|
2014/10/02
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Existing provincial boundaries are used.
Source:
Electoral Code as amended in 2015, art. 155: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/Code_électoral_BF-Version_21.05.2015.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
In designating constituencies, the Commission :
(a) shall not designate more than 330 Hluttaw Constituencies in the entire Union including Regions or States and Union territories;
(b) shall designate at least one constituency in a township in the case of constituencies which have not exceeded 330;
(c) if the number of 330 constituencies have not been filled for the required number of constituencies, the list of population depending on the density of population in townships within the entire Union shall be prepared, and from this list beginning from the most densely populated township, a constituency for each township shall be designated and added to fill the required number of constituencies;
(d) in case the total number of townships exceed 330, due to forming of new townships, designation of constituencies shall be made as follows:
(i) in the event of forming a new township by dividing a township into two parts, designating the said new township as the constituency of the original township;
(ii) in the event of forming a new township by extracting the areas from more than one township, designating as a constituency by merging them to the township which is contiguous and has the least population.
Source:
The Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law, art. 4: http://www.altsean.org/Research/2010/Resources/Laws/Pyithu%20Hluttaw%20Election%20Law.pdf (2013).
|
2015/11/17
|
|
Burundi
|
h. Not applicable
|
Existing provincial boundaries are used, with the exception of the city of Bujumbura which is considered to be a separate constituency.
Source:
Electoral Code, art. 105: https://courconstitutionnelle.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Code-Electoral_30092024095027.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Cambodia
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Members of the National Assembly shall be chosen by a general election, by means of a free, fair, universal, direct, equal and secret ballot. The electoral system shall be proportional, with provincial and municipal representation.
Source:
Constitution, art. 77, 101: http://www.ccc.gov.kh/detail_info_en.php?_txtID=791 (2018);
Law on the Election of the Members of the National Assembly, art. 5-6: http://ngocedaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/tmp_11849-Draft-of-LEMNA-by-CNRP-CPP_March_08_2015132491924.pdf (2017)
|
2023/10/11
|
|
Cameroon
|
g. Other
|
g) As a rule, each district constitutes one electoral constituency. However, the boundaries of certain constituencies may be drawn by Presidential Decree, taking into account their particularities.
Source:
Electoral Code Chapter V section 149 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-electoral-code-english-2012
|
2018/11/07
|
|
Canada
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
The division of the province into electoral districts shall proceed on the basis that the population of each electoral district in the province as a result thereof shall, as close as reasonably possible, correspond to the electoral quota for the province. In determining reasonable electoral boundaries the Commissions shall consider the size of the population (plus or minus 25%) along with the community of interest, the community of identity and historical patterns of an electoral district. Districts in sparsely populated, rural or northern regions of the province must remain of a manageable geographic size. Equality of population is a primary criterion, but there is no clear-cut prioritization of the other criteria. Court decisions have ensured that community of interest must be taken into account.
Source:
The Compendium of Election Administration in Canada, Elections Canada (2014)
http://www.elections.ca/res/loi/com/compoverview2014sep_e.pdf
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Cape Verde
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
Electoral Law as amended by Law No 56/VII/2010, art. 406 (2, 3): http://www.parlamento.cv/userfiles/image/site/Leis/Altera%20o%20C%C3%B3digo%20Eleitoral%20-%20texto%20integrante.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
g. Other
|
According to Constitution, Section 89 (2), the Boundary Commission shall, in delimiting the boundaries:
(a) take no account of the racial distribution of electors within the Cayman Islands;
(b) take into account the natural boundaries within the Cayman Islands;
(c) have regard to existing electoral districts; and
(d) subject to the foregoing provisions of this subsection, ensure that—
(i) so far as reasonably practicable, across all electoral districts there will be an equal ratio between the number of elected members of the Legislative Assembly
representing each electoral district and the number of persons qualified to be
registered as electors in that district
(ii) Cayman Brac and Little Cayman shall (between these two islands) at all times return
at least two members to the Legislative Assembly.
Source:
Constitution: “Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009”, Section 89(2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-constitution-2009/ ;
Electoral Law: “Elections Act (2021 Revision)”, Section 5: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-elections-act-2021-revision/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
Central African Republic
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Each sub-prefecture forms an electoral constituency, with the exception of Bangui, where boundaries are drawn according to the population.
Source:
Electoral Law N° 09.016, Art. 191: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2021/04/19
|
|
Chad
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Each department and each District of the city N'Djamena forms a Constituency.
Source:
Electoral Law N° 003/PR/2008 amended by law n° 008/PR/2009, law n° 007/PR/2010 and law n° 020/PR/2010, art. 148:
http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Chad_Electoral%20code_2009_fr.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/18
|
|
Chile
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
|
The electoral districts are conformed by ‘communes’ in the election of deputies. Meanwhile, electoral constituencies in the election of senators correspond to the regions.
"Artículo 178.- Para la elección de los miembros de la Cámara de Diputados habrá veintiocho distritos electorales, cada uno de los cuales elegirá el número de diputados que se indica en el artículo siguiente."
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Constitucional sobre Votaciones Populares y Escrutinios (2016)”, art. 178 - 180:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-ley-sobre-votaciones-populares-y-escrutinios/
|
2025/03/03
|
|
China
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
|
The number of deputies to the people's congresses in cities not divided into districts, municipal districts, counties, autonomous counties, townships, nationality townships, and towns shall be allocated to the electoral districts, and elections shall be held in the electoral districts. The zoning of electoral districts may be decided according to the voters' residence or on the basis of production units, institutions and work units. The zoning of electoral districts shall be decided on the basis of one to three deputies to be elected from each electoral district.
The number of people represented by each deputy from an urban electoral district shall be generally the same. The number of people represented by each deputy from a rural electoral district shall be generally the same.
Source:
Electoral Law, Art. 24-25
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Christmas Island
|
i. No information available
|
|
2009/07/09
|
|
Cocos (keeling) Islands
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
(3) In making the proposed redistribution, the Redistribution
Committee:
(a) shall, as far as practicable, endeavour to ensure that, if the
State or Territory were redistributed in accordance with the
proposed redistribution, the number of electors enrolled in
each Electoral Division in the State or Territory would not, at
the projection time determined under section 63A, be less
than 96.5% or more than 103.5% of the average divisional
enrolment of that State or Territory at that time; and
(b) subject to paragraph (a), shall give due consideration, in
relation to each proposed Electoral Division, to:
(i) community of interests within the proposed Electoral
Division, including economic, social and regional
interests;
(ii) means of communication and travel within the proposed
Electoral Division;
(iv) the physical features and area of the proposed Electoral
Division; and (v) the boundaries of existing Divisions in the State or
Territory;
and subject thereto the quota of electors for the State or Territory
shall be the basis for the proposed redistribution, and the
Redistribution Committee may adopt a margin of allowance, to be
used whenever necessary, but in no case shall the quota be
departed from to a greater extent than one-tenth more or one-tenth
less.
(Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918).
16G. Districts, how State to be divided into
(1) For the purposes of this section the Commissioners shall divide
the number of electors by the number of districts, and the result
of that division is referred to as the average district enrolment.
(2) The Commissioners shall divide the State into districts in
accordance with the principle that, for each district, the number
of electors that the district would have had at the relevant day
must not be more than 10% greater, or more than 10% less, than
the average district enrolment at the relevant day.
(3) If a district has an area of 100 000 square kilometres or more,
subsection (2) does not apply but the sum of —
(a) the number of electors that the district would have had at
the relevant day; and
(b) the large district allowance,
must not be more than 10% greater, or more than 20% less, than
the average district enrolment at the relevant day.
(4) In subsection (3) —
large district allowance means 1.5% of the number of square
kilometres in the area of the district.
[Section 16G inserted: No. 1 of 2005 s. 4.]
16I. Dividing State, matters Commissioners to consider when
In making the division of the State into regions and districts the
Commissioners shall give due consideration to —
(a) community of interest; and
(b) land use patterns; and
(c) means of communication, means of travel and distance
from the capital; and
(d) physical features; and
(e) existing boundaries of regions and districts; and (f) existing local government boundaries; and
(g) the trend of demographic changes.
(Western Australia Local Government Act 1995).
For local elections, Cocos Islands function as one district.
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, as amended on 8 March 2019, Section 66: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103
Western Australia Local Government Act 1995, as amended on 20 November 2018, section 16G, 16I: https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/main_mrtitle_551_homepage.html
|
2019/07/05
|
|
Colombia
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
For the election of the House of Representatives, each administrative division and the Capital District of Bogotá will form one electoral constituency.
There are also special electoral constituencies to ensure participation in the House of Representatives of ethnic and political minorities.
For Colombians living abroad there will be an international constituency.
Source:
Constitución: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 176: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016
|
2024/12/10
|
|
Comoros
|
a. "Equality" of population
e. Geographic size of district
|
Source:
Law No 10-018/AU Amending certain provisions of the Electoral Act No. 07-001/AU of 14 January 2007, art. 108;
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/KM/comores-electoral-law-2010/view (2016)
Constitution, art. 20: http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/com128670.pdf (2016)
|
2020/02/26
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
i. No information available
|
Electoral constituencies are delimited by decree of the Council of Ministers.
Source:
Election law of 24 November 2001, Art. 54: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2017);
Constitution, Art. 94: http://www.presidence.cg/files/my_files/constit200102.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
g. Other
|
Source:
Loi organique n°10/013 du 28 Juillet 2010 portant organisation et fonctionnement de la Commission Electorale Nationale Indépendante, art.9: http://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/JO/2010/JOS.28.07.2010.pdf
|
2016/11/03
|
|
Cook Islands
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Constituencies are delimited for elections purposes on the basis of population, some islands being more densely populated than others.
Source:
Teokoati Joseph, Chief Probation Officer, Probation Service - Ministry of Justice
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Costa Rica
|
c. Compactness of constituencies
|
Existing provincial boundaries are used.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley 8765: Código Electoral”, art. 143: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-ley-8765-codigo-electoral-2018.pdf/
Electoral circumscriptions: "División territorial electoral que regirá para las elecciones del 4 de febrero de 2018": http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-decreto-7-2017-division-territorial-electoral.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
Croatia
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Electoral Law: Article 39:
The constituencies shall be determined by the Act on constituencies for the election of the representatives to the Croatian Parliament, in a manner that the number of voters in the constituencies must not differ more than + - 5%.
The territories of the counties, cities and municipalities in the Republic of Croatia as
determined by law shall be taken into account to the greatest possible extent when
determining electoral constituencies.
Source:
Electoral Law: Act on Election of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament (116/99)(consolidated wording with amendments No. 109/00 and 53/03), art. 39.
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7663/file/Croatia_Parliamentary_Elections_Act_2003_am2015_en.pdf
Law on Constituencies: The Law on Constituencies for the Election of Representatives to the House of Representatives of Croatian National Parliament (“Narodne novine” No. 116/99).
http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/5865
|
2025/04/14
|
|
Cuba
|
a. "Equality" of population
g. Other
|
A special constituency can be established because of a group of people have their permanent residence in a particular place, i.e. military facilities.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”, art. 209: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”, art. 16–19: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/
|
2023/09/11
|
|
Cyprus
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Art. 3 For the purposes of parliamentary elections, the Republic of Cyprus is divided into electoral districts, the
the area of which, in each case, corresponds to the areas and
administrative districts of Nicosia, Limassol, Ammochostos, Larnaca, Paphos and Kyrenia and
who will carry the same name as the provincial governors to whom they are assigned.
Source:
Electoral Law 72 of 1979, Art. 3:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CY/cyprus-electoral-law-72-1979-greek-version/ (2016).
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Cyprus (North)
|
i. No information available
|
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Czech Republic
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
|
Article 26: The elections to the Chamber of Deputies are held in all election regions of the Czech Republic in compliance with the principle of proportional representation. Each higher self-governed unit defined by special legal regulations is regarded as an election region.
Article 59: (1) In total, 81 election districts are created within the territory of the Czech Republic for the purpose of the elections to the Senate. One Senator is elected in each election district. A list of election districts is attached to this act of law as Appendix No. 3.
(2) Should the population of any election district in the Czech Republic increase or decrease by 15 per cent in comparison with the average number of citizens per mandate, the territory of election districts shall be modified accordingly. Such modification shall be carried out only in the years in which the elections to the Senate are held.
Source:
Electoral Law: Act of Law 247/1995 Coll., on elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic (amended by 480/2006 Coll.), art. 3, 26, 59.
https://www.psp.cz/en/docs/laws/1995/247.html
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CZ/czech-republic-act-no.-247-on-elections-to-the/view (2017)
|
2018/02/16
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
i. No information available
|
Source:
Code Electoral (2015): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CI/cote-divoire-code-electoral-2015/view; Constitution de la République de Côte d'Ivoire (2000): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CI/cote-divoire-constitution-du-23-juillet-2000/view
|
2016/11/30
|
|
Denmark
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
|
8. (1) Denmark falls into three provinces: Metropolitan Copenhagen, Sealand-Southern Denmark
and Northern and Central Jutland, cf the Schedule to the Act (List of Electoral Districts).
general elections and referendums
(2) The regions are subdivided into multimember constituencies, cf the List of Electoral
Districts. Metropolitan Copenhagen encompasses four multimember constituencies.
Sealand-Southern Denmark and Northern and Central Jutland are each made up of three
multimember constituencies.
(3) The multimember constituencies are split into nomination districts, cf the List of
Electoral Districts.
(4) A nomination district consists of one or more municipalities or a part of a municipality.
For nomination districts consisting of more than one municipality or a part of a municipality, the common functions are carried out by the municipality identified as a constituency
municipality in the List of Electoral Districts
Source:
Folketing (Parliamentary) Elections act, Pt.2 art.8(1-4).
|
2019/05/22
|
|
Djibouti
|
g. Other
|
Article 2: The basic constituencies selected for the parliamentary elections consist of five different regions of the interior and the city of Djibouti.
Article 3: The geographical boundaries of the regions of the interior and the City of Djibouti result from the provisions of the decree n ° 2003-0278 / PR / MID of April 9th, 2003
Verified 20 June, 2023.
Source:
Electoral Law of 1992, Article 16: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DJ/djibouti-electoral-law-1992/view (2016)
Portant définition et délimitation des circonscriptions électorales. Art. 2 and 3
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DJ/djibouti-loi-nb0218-an-8-5eme-l-portant-definition/view
|
2023/06/20
|
|
Dominica
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
All constituencies shall contain as nearly equal numbers of inhabitants as appears to the Constituency Boundaries Commission to be reasonably practicable but the Commission may depart from this principle to such extent as it considers expedient to take account of the following factors, that is to say:
the density of population, and in particular the need to ensure the adequate representation of sparsely populated rural areas; the means of communication; geographical features, and the boundaries of administrative areas.
Source:
Constitution, Schedule 2: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DM/dominica-constitution-of-the-commonwealth-of/view (2014).
Electoral Office of Dominica, Official Website - Constituency Boundaries: http://electoraloffice.gov.dm/constituencies/constituency-boundaries (2014).
|
2014/12/16
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
For legislative elections, the constituencies should have 50,000 inhabitants or fractions of not less than 25,000, and can be extended to more than one municipality, always ensuring that the province has no less than two (2) Members of Congress. In the provinces or municipalities where it is not necessary or possible to establish these demographic territorial subdivisions, the deputies and councilors shall be elected from their entire territory.
Source:
Resolución No. 01/2018
https://jce.gob.do/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?Command=Core_Download&EntryId=10600 (2020).
|
2020/02/04
|
|
Ecuador
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Electoral constituencies with 8-12 representatives will be subdivided into two constituencies; those with 13-18 representatives will be subdivided into three constituencies; and those with 19 or more will be subdivided into four constituencies. Specifically, special constituencies overseas will be created with at least 300 Ecuadorian citizens, whom have to reside at the suggested area.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 150 & 151: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
Egypt
|
g. Other
|
Other candidacy requirements, the electoral system, and division of electoral constituencies shall be defined by law in a manner which observes fair representation of the population and governorates and equitable representation of voters. Elections based on the plurality voting system or proportional list, or a combination of both at whatsoever ratio may be adopted.
Source:
Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 102:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
|
2018/03/18
|
|
El Salvador
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”, art. 79: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/ ;
Electoral Law: “Decreto No. 413 — Código Electoral”, art. 10 & 13: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-recopilacion-legislacion-electoral-2021/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
Presidential decree No. 40/ 2013 of 28 March 2013: http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/imgdb/2013/DecretoNum.40_2013%281%29.pdf (2013);
Law No. 7/2012 of 16 November 2012 regulating elections to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, municipal elections and referenda
|
2013/04/09
|
|
Eritrea
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
Every constituency shall consist of 25,000 dwellers or 12,000 eligible voters;
Every constituency designated for the reserved female Assembly seats shall consist of 50,000 dwellers or 24,000 eligible voters;
When designating constituencies, the Commission shall take into consideration the balance of ethnic participation and representation;
When designate constituencies outside Eritrea to ensure the effective and fair participation of the Eritrean Diaspora
Source:
Election Act, art. 14
|
2011/06/21
|
|
Estonia
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2015/03/03
|
|
Ethiopia
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
The number of constituencies, which shall be determined on the basis of the
population of the country and special representation of minority nationalities and peoples, shall not exceed 550 and shall contain proportional number of people except in the case of constituencies where minority nationalities and peoples are represented. There shall be constituencies where minority nationalities and peoples whose number is not less than 20 and are believed to require special representation, shall be represented.
Source:
Constitution, art. 103 (5);
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007, art. 20 (1-b, c)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
e. Geographic size of district
|
Source:
Electoral Law: “Electoral Ordinance 1988”, Section 6: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-electoral-ordinance-1988/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Faroe Islands
|
h. Not applicable
|
One nationwide district.
Source:
"The Faroese Parliament." Brochure (2008). (http://www.logting.fo/files/File/2008/faldari_EN_web.pdf)
|
2012/07/06
|
|
Fiji
|
h. Not applicable
|
The members of Parliament are elected from a national candidate list in a single countrywide constituency.
Source:
Constitution, art. 53 (1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
|
2018/04/18
|
|
Finland
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
Vallag 2.10.1998/714, § 5
|
2019/04/02
|
|
France
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
|
a) Boundaries are drawn according to demographic change, based on the results of the general census.
Source:
Electoral code, Art. L125
https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20200617&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070239&fastReqId=1519448241&fastPos=1&oldAction=rechCodeArticle
|
2020/06/17
|
|
French Guiana
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/10
|
|
French Polynesia
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Article L.440.
|
2004/01/15
|
|
Gabon
|
a. "Equality" of population
e. Geographic size of district
|
Source:
Law No. 7/96 of 12 March 1996 establishing common rules for all political elections, with all the subsequent amendments, revised 2005, art. 34, 35
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GA/gabon-code-electoral-2005/view
(2017)
|
2025/04/28
|
|
Gambia
|
i. No information available
|
The National assembly shall prescribe by an act, the criteria for the demarcation of the constituency boundaries.
Source:
Constitution, Chapter V, part 4 (2): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gambia_2004?lang=en (2017)
Elections Decree 78 of 1996, part II, section 9 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GM/gambia-elections-decree-78-of-1996/view (2017)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Georgia
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
The respective DEC shall set up electoral precincts and shall define their boundaries and numbers not later than on 1 July of the election year. An electoral precinct shall be set up for not less than 20 and not more than 1 500 voters
Source:
The Election Code of Georgia, art 23:
https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1557168?publication=87
|
2024/07/24
|
|
Germany
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
The following criteria apply for changes to delimitation of constituencies:
1. The Länder (state) boundaries shall be respected.
2. The population of a constituency should not deviate from the average population of the constituencies by more than 15 per cent in either direction ; where the deviation constitutes more than 25 per cent, a re-delimitation shall be made.
3. The number of constituencies in the respective Länder (state) should as far as possible correspond to the latter's share of the total population.
4. Each constituency should form a coherent area.
5. Wherever possible, the boundaries of municipalities, districts and towns independent of district administration should be respected.
Source:
Federal Elections Act, Section 3 (1)
https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/dam/jcr/4ff317c1-041f-4ba7-bbbf-1e5dc45097b3/bundeswahlgesetz_engl.pdf
|
2021/11/15
|
|
Ghana
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
No constituency shall fall within more than one region. The boundaries of each constituency shall be such that the number of inhabitants in the constituency is, as nearly as possible, equal to the population quota. The number of inhabitants of a constituency may be greater or less than the population quota in order to take account of means of communication, geographical features, density of population and area and boundaries of the regions and other administrative or traditional areas. Constitution, art. 47
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Ghana (1996), art. 47: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-constitution-1992-with-amendments-through/view
|
2016/09/19
|
|
Gibraltar
|
i. No information available
|
|
2019/11/04
|
|
Greece
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
d) The existing boundaries of the prefectures are used with the exception of the two major prefectures of the country (prefecture of Attica and prefecture of Thessaloniki) which are subdivided.
Source:
Art.1 of Law 3231/2004 as amended by Law 3636/2008 (Law for the election of MPs),
published on the Official Journal of the Government, ΦΕΚ 45/Α/11.2.2004
http://www.dsanet.gr/Epikairothta/Nomothesia/n3231_04.htm
|
2020/07/25
|
|
Greenland
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Grenada
|
a. "Equality" of population
g. Other
|
Constitution, schedule 2, section 56:
"All constituencies shall contain as nearly equal numbers of inhabitants as appears to the Constituency Boundaries Commission to be reasonably practicable, but the Commission may depart from this rule to such extent as it considers expedient to take account of the following factors, that is to say :-
the density of population, and in particular the need to ensure the adequate representation of sparsely-populated rural areas ;
the means of communication ;
geographical features ;
the boundaries of administrative areas."
Source:
Constitution, Schedule 2, Articles a through d
|
2011/05/31
|
|
Guadeloupe
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Guam
|
b. Respecting natural barriers
g. Other
|
Election districts refer to municipal and village boundaries.
Source:
1 Guam Code 403 (2019):
https://law.justia.com/codes/guam/2019/title-1/chapter-4/
|
2020/10/21
|
|
Guatemala
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Geography and political division of administrative departments, are considered to establish the electoral limits. And each department constitutes a constituency.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala”, art. 157: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/constitucion/guatemala-constitucion-politica-2012/ —
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993.pdf ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos”, art. 205: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/
|
2023/05/29
|
|
Guinea
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Constituencies are formed on the basis of prefectures and municipalities.
Source:
Electoral Code No. 91/012/CTRN, art.129: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-electoral-code-2010/
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
i. No information available
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 11 November 2009 on the election of the President of the Republic and the National People's Assembly ("Lei Eleitoral Para Presidente da República e Assembleia Nacional Popular"), art. 109: http://www.cne-guinebissau.org/phocadownload/lei_eleitoral.pdf (2012);
Constitution, art. 77: http://www.anpguinebissau.org/leis/constituicao/constituicaoguine.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Guyana
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
'Constituencies are delimited for election purposes as ten (10) electoral (geographical) constituencies identical to Guyana's ten (10) Administrative Regions.'
Source:
GECOM (Guyana Elections Commission): http://www.gecom.org.gy/faq.html
|
2015/05/08
|
|
Haiti
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
International Mission for Monitoring Haitian Elections, final report 2006:
http://www.mieeh-immhe.ca/pdf/reportfeb7_e.pdf
;Le Moniteur sous la direction de Beauzile, Fritzner, « Loi électoral », http://haitijustice.com/pdf/legislation/loi-electorale-haiti-2013.pdf,Art.136, 168ième année No. 229, 2013, P.32
|
2015/04/08
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vt.html (2012)
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Honduras
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
The Electoral Sector is made up of a town or group of towns that amount to 100 or more citizens.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral de Honduras”, art. 90: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-electoral-2021-con-reformas-2021/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
(2) In making such recommendations the Commission shall ensure that each proposed geographical constituency is constituted by 2 or more contiguous whole District Council constituencies.
(3) In making such recommendations the Commission shall have regard to-
(a) community identities and the preservation of local ties; and
(b) physical features such as size, shape, accessibility and development of the relevant area or any part thereof.
(4) In making such recommendations in relation to a general election the Commission shall have regard to-
(a) existing boundaries of Districts; and
(b) existing boundaries of geographical constituencies.
Source:
Electoral Affairs Commission Ordinance (CAP542), Sec.20 (2),(3)&(4):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/HK/hong-kong-electoral-affairs-commission-ordinance/view
|
2021/06/03
|
|
Hungary
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
Single-member constituencies shall be established in a manner that
a) they will not cross county boundaries or the boundaries of Budapest;
b) they will form contiguous areas,
c) the number of voters will be approximately identical.
The number of voters in any individual constituency may only deviate from the national arithmetic mean of voters in single-member constituencies by any rate above fifteen percent, also in consideration of geographical, ethnic, historical, religious and other local characteristics and of any migration of the population, in order to enforce the provisions of Subsection (2)a) and b).
Source:
Electoral Law: Act CCIII of 2011 on the Elections of Members of Parliament of Hungary, Sec.4 (2) & (4): http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=142940.283327.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
Iceland
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
The boundaries shall be determined based on the number of voters of either constituency for each parliamentary seat; with the adjustment seats taken into account, being more or less of equal numbers. Care should be taken, as far as is feasible, that each constituency forms a continuous whole.
Source:
Parliamentary Election Act, Art. 7
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/3897/file/Iceland_Act_Parliamentary_Elections_to_Althing_2000_en.pdf
|
2020/07/27
|
|
India
|
a. "Equality" of population
e. Geographic size of district
|
Delimitation Act, 2002, Section 9:
(a) all constituencies shall, as far as practicable, be geographically compact areas, and in delimiting them regard shall be had to physical features, existing boundaries of administrative units, facilities of communication and public convenience; (b) every assembly constituency shall be so delimited as to fall wholly within one parliamentary constituency; (c) constituencies in which seats are reserved for the Scheduled Castes shall be distributed in different parts of the State and located, as far as practicable, in those areas where the proportion of their population to the total is comparatively large; and (d) constituencies in which seats are reserved for the Scheduled Tribes shall, as far as practicable, be located in areas where the proportion of their population to the total is the largest.
Source:
Delimitation Act, 2002, Section 9: https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?abv=RJ&statehandle=123456789/2505&actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510§ionId=27991§ionno=9&orderno=9&orgactid=AC_RJ_83_1112_00003_00003_1591165963191
|
2024/06/12
|
|
Indonesia
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Article 22(1-5): The constituencies for elections to the House of Representatives are based on the existing administrative boundaries of provinces, regencies/municipalities or combination of regencies/municipalities. In the event that this determination of constituencies cannot possibly be applied, the determination of constituencies can use a part of regency/municipality.
Article 31: An electoral area for members of the Region Representatives Council is defined as a province.
Source:
Law 8/2012 on General Election of the Members of House of Representatives,
People’s Representatives Council and Regional House of Representatives, Article 22 & 31: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-law-8-2012-on-general-election-of-the/view
|
2024/01/31
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Each electoral district is comprised of a combination of counties, cities and rural districts, and the number of the executive committees varies in each
The districts vary in geographic size; however, seat allocations are based on a formula, which entitles every 150,000 voters the right to elect one representative to the Majlis
Source:
IFES: "Duality By Design: The Iranian Electoral System" (2011). Electoral Management Bodies
https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/14620_2_R_Duality_by_Design__The_Iranian_Electoral_System_Yasmin_Alem.pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Iraq
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
House of Representatives consists of(328) three hundred and twenty-eight seats are distributed (320) three hundred and twenty seats to the provinces, according to border management in accordance with the schedule attached law shall be eight (8) seats of which the share (quota) for the components.
Source:
Electoral Law of the Iraqi Parliament, Article 11(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/iraq-electoral-law-of-the-iraqi-parliament-2013/view
|
2018/04/15
|
|
Ireland
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
|
The ratio between the number of members to be elected at any time for each constituency and the population of each constituency, as ascertained at the last preceding census, shall, so far as it is practicable, be the same throughout the country.
Source:
Constitution, Ch.4, Art. 16(2.3): https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Israel
|
h. Not applicable
|
Israel has an electoral system based on nation-wide proportional representation, and the number of seats which every list receives in the Knesset is proportional to the number of voters who voted for it. The only limitation is the 3.25% qualifying threshold. In other words, a party must receive at least 3.25% of the votes in order to be elected.
Source:
BASIC LAW: THE KNESSET (5718 - 1958) Art.4: https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/Documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawTheKnesset.pdf
The Knesset Website: https://m.knesset.gov.il/en/mk/pages/elections.aspx
Central Election Commission: https://bechirot21.bechirot.gov.il/election/English/About/Pages/KnesetElectionPrinciple_eng.aspx
Dr. Susan Hattis Rolef, The Knesset Research and Information Center
|
2019/04/30
|
|
Italy
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
For the election of the Chamber of Deputies, there are 26 constituencies. For the election of the Senate, the constituencies are 20 (one for each region). The seats for each constituency are distributed according to the population statistics (for example: Aosta Valley has one seat for the Chamber, while Puglia has 44).
Source:
Electoral Law: "Testo unico delle leggi elettorali", Art.1
https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.del.presidente.della.repubblica:1957-03-30;361!vig=
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Jamaica
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
Jamaica (Constitution) Order in Council 1962; Section 67; Second Schedule; Articles 1-5
|
2025/09/18
|
|
Japan
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
Public Offices Election Act, Art. 15 (7):https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325AC1000000100
Order for Enforcement of the Public Offices Election Act, Ch.2:
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325CO0000000089#C
|
2021/09/17
|
|
Jordan
|
a. "Equality" of population
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
According to Government Spokesperson Mohammad Momani at an election presser, “The new by-law will ensure that candidates tailor their electoral platforms for a wider audience that candidates will not only rely on their relatives, tribes, or neighbourhoods to win. They will have to do more to encourage citizens to vote for them."
Source:
The 2016 Parliament Elections Law No. 6, art. 8: http://www.entikhabat.jo/sites/default/files/ElectionNo6-2016.pdff (2016);
Gov’t ready with by-law on distribution of constituencies: http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/gov’t-ready-law-distribution-constituencies
|
2017/09/20
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
1. In the Republic of Kazakhstan the system of constituencies shall be formed and used at elections of maslikhat deputies, members of other local self-government bodies.
2. Excluded by the Constitutional Act of the RK of 29.06.2018 No. 162-VI (enters into force upon expiry of ten calendar days after the day of its first official publication).
3. At elections of the President of the Republic and the Mazhilis deputies to be elected on the basis of the party lists under the proportional representation system the whole territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall be considered as a single national constituency.
4. At elections of deputies of maslikhats in the territory of the corresponding administrative-territorial unit the territorial constituency is formed.
5. At election of members of the local self-government bodies the multimember constituencies shall be formed, which shall cover the territories of urban and rural communities.
Source:
Constitutional Law on Elections of the Republic of Kazakhstan, amended as of May 25, 2020, article 21.
https://www.election.gov.kz/eng/election-legal-framework/the-laws-of-the-rk.php
|
2024/09/10
|
|
Kenya
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
The boundaries of each constituency shall be such that the number of inhabitants in the constituency is, as nearly as possible, equal to the population quota, but the number of inhabitants of a constituency may be greater or lesser than the population quota in the manner mentioned in clause (6) to take account
of:
geographical features and urban centres;
community of interest, historical, economic and cultural ties; and means of communication. (Constitution, art. 89)
Source:
Constitution (2010), art.89: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/KE/kenya-constitution-2010/view
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Kiribati
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
|
The Commission shall, at intervals of not more than 4 years, review the number of electoral districts, the boundaries of those districts, and the number of members of the Maneaba to be elected to represent each electoral district, taking account of the most recent census date for citizens of Kiribati, subject to the provisions of section 118 (4) of this Constitution; and the movement of people within Kiribati.
Source:
Article 63 (3) and 118 (4), Constitution
Section 5, Elections Act
http://www.paclii.org/ki/legis/consol_act/eo167.pdf
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kiribati_2013
|
2024/11/24
|
|
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
Constitution of DPRK, Art 131-133
|
2014/06/09
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
|
The boundaries of a constituency for electing a member to the National Assembly shall be delimited in
the area within the jurisdiction of a City/Do in accordance with the following standards, in consideration
of the population, administrative districts, geographical features, traffic, living and cultural area, etc.
Source:
Public Official Election Act, Article 25,26: https://www.nec.go.kr/site/eng/ex/bbs/List.do?cbIdx=1280
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Kuwait
|
i. No information available
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 81: http://www.pm.gov.kw/en/state_Of_Kuwait/kuwaitConstitution.jsp (2013)
|
2013/01/30
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
h. Not applicable
|
The whole territory of the Kyrgyz Republic is a single constituency to conduct presidential election or election of the Jogorku Kenesh deputies.
Source:
Constitutional Law No 68 of 2011 (amended 2020) “On elections of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic and deputies of Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic”, art. 13 (1): https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a1/KYRG_Const%20Laww%20on%20Elections%20of%20President%20and%20MPs.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Each province, municipality and special zone is considered as a constituency for the election of members of the National Assembly of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic.
If any province or special zone is dissolved or established, the National Assembly Standing Committee is responsible for determining the distribution of members of the National Assembly in such constituency in accordance with the actual circumstances12, to ensure the regular13 exercise of the rights and duties of representatives of the people.
Source:
Law on Election of National Assembly (2010), Art. 14: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Law-on/view
|
2021/02/16
|
|
Latvia
|
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
Article 7: (1)Latvia shall be divided into five constituencies for the Saeima elections:1) Riga,2) Vidzeme,2) Latgale,4) Kurzeme,5) Zemgale.
(2) The Riga constituency shall include the city of Riga;
The Vidzeme constituency shall include the Adazi, Aloja, Aluksne, Amata, Ape, Babite, Baldone, Beverina, Burtnieki, Carnikava, Cesis, Cesvaine, Ergli, Garkalne, Gulbene, Ikskile, Incukalns, Jaunpiebalga, Koceni, Krimulda, Kegums, Kekava, Lielvarde, Ligatne, Limbazi, Lubana, Madona, Malpils, Marupe, Mazsalaca, Naukseni, Ogre, Olaine, Pargauja, Priekuli, Rauna, Ropazi, Rujiena, Salacgriva, Salaspils, Saulkrasti, Seja, Sigulda, Smiltene, Stopini, Strenci, Valka, Varaklani, Vecpiebalga municipality, the city of Jurmala and the city of Valmiera;
The Latgale constituency shall include the Aglona, Baltinava, Balvi, Cibla, Dagda, Daugavpils, Ilukste, Karsava, Kraslava, Livani, Ludza, Preili, Rezekne, Riebiņu, Rugaji, Varkava, Vilaka, Vilani, Zilupe municipality, the city of Daugavpils and the city of Rezekne;
The Kurzeme constituency shall include the Aizpute, Alsunga, Broceni, Dundaga, Durbe, Grobina, Kuldigas, Nica, Pavilosta, Priekule, Roja, Rucava, Saldus, Skrunda, Talsi, Vainode, Ventspils municipality, the city of Liepaja and the city of Ventspils;
The Zemgale constituency shall include the Aizkraukle, Akniste, Auce, Bauska, Dobele, Engure, Iecava, Jaunjelgava, Jaunpils, Jekabpils, Jelgava, Kandava, Koknese, Krustpils, Nereta, Ozolnieki, Plavinas, Rundale, Sala, Skriveri, Tervete, Tukums, Vecumnieki, Viesite municipality, the city of Jelgava and the city of Jekabpils
Source:
Electoral Law: The Saeima Election Law as in force on 19 July 2014: http://cvk.lv/pub/public/30870.html?doc_print=1
|
2014/10/09
|
|
Lebanon
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
The Chamber of Deputies shall be composed of elected members; their number and
the method of their election shall be determined by the electoral laws in effect. Until such
time as the Chamber enacts new electoral laws on a non-confessional basis, the distribution
of seats shall be according to the following principles:
a. Equal representation between Christians and Muslims.
b. Proportional representation among the confessional groups within each of the two religious
communities.
c. Proportional representation among geographic regions.
Source:
Constitution, art. 24 (1, 2): http://www.presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%20Constitution.pdf
Parliamentary Election Law No. 44 of 2017, art. 2, Appendix 1: http://elections.gov.lb/getattachment/00bbe177-0eec-4f8a-a4df-e47c7e19b4de/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%28PDF%29.aspx
https://www.ministryinfo.gov.lb/en/22598
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
“All constituencies shall contain as nearly equal numbers of inhabitants of or above the age of twenty-one years as appears to the Commission to be reasonably practicable, but the Commission may depart from this principle to such extent as it considers expedient in order to take account of--
a. the density of population, and in particular the need to ensure adequate representation of sparsely populated rural areas;
b. the means of communication;
c. geographical features;
d. community of interest; and
e. the boundaries of existing administrative areas:
Provided that the number of inhabitants, of or above the age of eighteen years, of any constituency shall not exceed or fall short of the population quota by more than ten per cent.”
Source:
Constitution of Lesotho, art. 67(2)
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Liberia
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
Each constituency shall have an approximately equal population of 20,000 or such number of citizens as the legislature shall prescribe in keeping with population growth and movements as revealed by a national census, provided that the total number of electoral constituencies in the Republic shall not exceed one hundred.
Immediately following a national census and before
the next elections, the Elections Commission shall
reapportion the constituencies in accordance with the
new population figures so that every constituency
shall have as close to the same population as possible;
provided, however, that a constituency must be solely
within a county
Source:
The 1986 Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, Art. 80 (d) & (e), http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
g. Other
|
For the purpose of the implementation of the present law, the country should be
divided into electoral districts based on the population density and geographical
area.
Source:
Law No. 4 on the Election of the General National Congress, Art. 4. (National Transitional Council of Libya): (Eng) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/libya-law-no.-4-of-2012-on-the-election-of-the-e/view
(Arabic) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/libya-law-no.-4-of-2012-on-the-election-of-the/view
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
h. Not applicable
|
The region of Vaduz (Oberland, Upper Country) and the region of Schellenberg (Unterland, Lower Country) were independent lordships of the Holy Roman Empire. They are still recognized as unique regions and form separate electoral districts.
Source:
Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein [2014], Art. 46: https://www.llv.li/files/rdr/Verfassung-E-01-02-2014.pdf
|
2025/02/04
|
|
Lithuania
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
|
For the organisation and conduct of elections, the territory of the Republic of Lithuania shall be divided into 71 single-member constituencies, taking into consideration the number of inhabitants in the constituency, the division of the territory of the Republic of Lithuania into single-member constituencies during the previous election to the Seimas, and the administrative-territorial division of the Republic of Lithuania. A constituency shall be formed from polling districts which have common boundaries. The number of voters in a constituency must be from 0.9 to 1.1 of the average number of voters in all single-member constituencies.
Source:
Republic of Lithuania, Law on the Elections to the Seimas (9 July 1992, as last amended on 22 March 2016 – No XII-2265), art. 9 (1)
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/89e6d1a0f58111e5bf4ee4a6d3cdb874?jfwid=tu0odnkka
|
2020/06/01
|
|
Luxembourg
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Each municipality forms an electoral constituency. All the voters of the municipality participate together in the election of the members of the council.
Source:
Electoral law, Art. 197(1): https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/68/Luxembourg_electoral%20code_2003_amended2016_FR.pdf
Constitution, Art. 51(6): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Luxembourg_2009
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Election districts comprise (consist) of the polling stations within the municipal borders where the citizens exercise their election right. (Art. 174(1))
There are seven electoral districts in the Republic of Macedonia (Art. 175(1))
Source:
Electoral Code of the Republic of Macedonia including 2021 amendments, article. 174 (1) and 175 (1): https://www.ifes.org/document/northmacedoniaelectoralcodeupdatesseptember2021pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Madagascar
|
i. No information available
|
The electoral constituencies are delimited by decree of the Council of Ministers. The law does not provide with any specific criteria for boundary delimitation.
Source:
Constitution, art. 70: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/constitution.pdf (2013);
Organic Law No. 2012-016 regulating legislative elections, art. 2: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/loi%20_n-2012-016_%20elect_%20legis.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/07
|
|
Malawi
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
- Ease of communication
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Malawi, art. 76, 2(a) (i)-(iii)
|
2025/04/14
|
|
Malaysia
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
The following principles shall as far as possible be taken into account in dividing any unit of review into constituencies:
(a) while having regard to the desirability of giving all electors reasonably convenient opportunities of going to the polls, constituencies ought to be delimited so that they do not cross State boundaries and regard ought to be had to the inconvenience of State constituencies crossing the boundaries of federal constituencies;
(b) regard ought to be to the administrative facilities available within the constituencies for the establishment of the necessary registration and polling machines;
(c) the number of electors within each constituency in a State ought to be approximately equal except that, having regard to the greater difficulty of reaching electors in the country districts and the other disadvantages facing rural constituencies, a measure of weight-age for area ought to be given to such constituencies;
(d) regard ought to be had to the inconveniences attendant on alterations of constituencies, and to the maintenance of local ties.
Source:
Constitution, schedule 13, art. 2: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Maldives
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
|
Each administrative division shall establish separate electoral constituencies. A law shall specify the manner of determining the number of electoral constituencies in each administrative division and the boundaries of each electoral constituency. Such law shall specify the principles pursuant to which the population on each administrative division shall be divided into the separate electoral constituencies such that there is an approximately equal division of the population.
Source:
Constitution 2008, art. 72 (a):http://www.majlis.gov.mv/en/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-english.pdf (2018)
|
2019/02/11
|
|
Mali
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
La population est un critère mais sans base égalitaire.La repartition se fait comme il suit: 60000 habitants = 1 siège / 40000 à 60000 hbts = 1 siège / moins de 40000 hbts = 1 siège
Source:
article 1 de la loi nÁ 02 - 010 du 05 Mars 2002.
Verified by Mamadou Seck, Forum Civil, [email protected], 2008-02-20
|
2008/03/28
|
|
Malta
|
a. "Equality" of population
g. Other
|
An alteration of the boundaries of any electoral division under this article shall be made in such manner as secures that, at the time when the Commission carries out its review, the number obtained by dividing the total electorate in the division (as ascertained by reference to the electoral register in force at that time) by the number of members to be returned to the House of Representatives from that division is as nearly equal to the electoral quota as is reasonably practicable:
Provided that any such alteration may be made in such
manner that the number of voters in that division is, at the time when the Commission carries out its review, greater or less than the electoral quota multiplied by the number of members to be so returned, but in no case by more than five per centum, in order to take account of geographical vicinity, differences in density of population and other relevant factors."
Source:
Constitution, Art. 61 (4): http://www.parlament.mt/constituion-of-malta?l=1 (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
"Any such amendment of paragraph (1) of this Section shall, so far as practicable, be made in accordance with the principle that every member of the Nitijela should represent approximately the same number of voters; but account shall also be taken of geographical features, community interests, the boundaries of existing administrative and recognized traditional areas, means of communication and density and mobility of population."
Source:
Constitution, art. 4 (2). https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Marshall_Islands_1995
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Martinique
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Mauritania
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Each district (moughataa) forms one electoral constituency, except for the capital district of Nouakchott which has three (3) electoral districts according to the three states, with each district being granted seven (7) seats. The consultations on the new boundary for the capital district specified the new boundaires being created to "in order to better connect the representatives to their voters". In addition, the whole country forms one constituency for the election of 20 deputies and 20 female deputies.
Source:
Organic Law No. 2012 - 029 amending certain provisions of Ordinance No. 91-028 of 7 October 1991, as amended, concerning the organic law on the election of deputies to the National Assembly, art. 17, 3
Results of the consultation between the Ministry of Interior and Decentralization and political parties on the participatory and consensual preparation for the 2023 parliamentary, regional and municipal elections
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Mauritius
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
The "... number of inhabitants of each constituency is as nearly equal as is reasonably practicable to the population quota: Provided that the number of inhabitants of a constituency may be greater or less than the population quota in order to take account of means of communication, geographical features, density of population and the boundaries of administrative areas."
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Mauritius, art. 39
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mexico
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
In addition, travel times and geographic continuity are also taken into account.
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 53: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 14(1), 44(l), 54(1[g]) & 214(3 & 4): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/ ;
Criteria and rules for boundary delimitation: “Criterios y reglas operativas para la distritación nacional 2021–2023”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-criterios-distritacion-2021/ ;
INE, “Los 8 criterios para la distritación electoral”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-los-8-criterios-para-la-distritacion/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
a. "Equality" of population
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
Source:
The National Election Code, Title 9: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/title09/T09_Ch03.htm
Constitution, article 10: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Micronesia_1990
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
g. Other
|
Boundaries correspond to second-level administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Moldova and of the Autonomous Territorial Unit (ATU) Gagauzia, Chisinau and Balti municipalities.
Source:
Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova 2019, article 28:1.
https://cec.md/storage/ckfinder/files/cec-electoral-code-2019.pdf
|
2021/03/30
|
|
Monaco
|
h. Not applicable
|
Due to its limited territory, the whole country forms one constituency.
Source:
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002;https://legimonaco.mc/tnc/loi/1968/02-23-839/
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE) Principality of Monaco Parliamentary Elections (February 2023) https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/f/3/536503.pdf
|
2023/09/11
|
|
Mongolia
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
Constituencies are drawn according to the population size and the division of administrative and territorial units in provinces and capital city districts.
The General Election Commission may put forward a proposal to change districts to the State Great Hural if a change made to the division of administrative and territorial units could affect the structure of districts or in case the population size changed by more than 20 percent in a particular district in the period following the previous election.
Source:
Electoral Law of 15 December 2011, Art. 12 (1, 2): https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/5845/file/Mongolia-Election-Law_2011_en.pdf
Mongolian Law on Election, amended 2016; art. 22
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7739/file/Mongolia_law_elections_2015_am2016_en.pdf
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Montenegro
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2023/09/21
|
|
Montserrat
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Morocco
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
|
Article 2 (Translation): The local electoral constiuencies are created and the number of seats allocated to each of them is fixed by decree according to the following principles: a) The delimitation of the electoral constituencies must, as far as possible, tend towards a demographic balance in taking into consideration the spatial aspect; b) The territorial jurisdiction of the electoral constituencies must be homogenous and continuous; c) An electoral constituency is created in each prefecture, province or district prefecture, to which a number of seats fixed by decree is reserved. However, more than one electoral district may be created in certain prefectures or provinces.
Source:
Organic Law No. 27.11 relating to the House of Representatives, Article 2 (2011): http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/0/lois/Loi_27-11_Fr.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Mozambique
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
|
The constituencies for electing the deputies of the Assembly of the Republic coincide with the administrative areas of the provinces and of Maputo City, take the same names, and are headquartered in the respective provincial capitals. Voters resident outside the country form two constituencies, one for the countries of the African region, and the other for the remaining countries, both with their headquarters in Maputo city.
The President is elected from a single country-wide constituency.
Source:
Law No. 8/2013 of 27 February 2013 regulating presidential and legislative elections (as amended by Law No. 12/2014), art. 131, 164 (2-3): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/Mozambique-Law-No.-12-2014-of-13-April-2014/view (2014)
|
2014/10/02
|
|
Namibia
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
e.)Geographical features including geographical size and make-up of area (some areas are inhabitable, some are virgin land not yet occupied), population density, total number of towns in the area and other infrastructural development.
g. Socio-economic characterstics and circumstances; and means of communications.
Source:
Regional Councils Act, art 22, of section 5:
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/misc/namibia-electoral-act-no.-5-of-2014/view (2014).
|
2014/11/27
|
|
Nauru
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
"The constituencies are drawn from the 14 traditional Districts of Nauru. One
particular constituency combines three Districts, namely Anabar, Ijuw and
Anibare. Another constituency combines two Districts, namely, Ewa and Anetan.
The largest constituency of Ubenide comprises of four Districts, namely, Uaboe,
Nibok, Baitsi and Denigomodu."
Source:
Report of the Pacific Islands Forum Election Observer Mission to the April 2010 Nauru General Elections. (http://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Forum_Election_Observer_Report_Nauru_2010.pdf)
|
2019/06/27
|
|
Nepal
|
a. "Equality" of population
e. Geographic size of district
|
Population as the main basis and geography as the second basis for representation and there shall be at least one election constituency in each district within the state (province). While delimitating electoral constituencies, the population and geographical convenience, the density of population, geographical specificity, administrative and transportation convenience, community and cultural aspects of the constituencies must be taken into consideration.
Source:
Article Constitution of Nepal, 2015 Article 286 (5 and 6) : http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2016/01/constitution-of-nepal-2.pdf
|
2018/04/03
|
|
Netherlands
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
The Table referred to in Section E1 of the Elections Act takes the number of the electoral district, the area covered by the electoral district, and the municipality where the principal electoral committee is situated into account.
Source:
Act of 28 September 1989 containing new provisions governing the franchise and elections (Elections Act), Ch. E, Section E1 and accompanying table.
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/Netherlands/Netherlands_Elections%20Act_1989am2009.pdf
|
2017/03/21
|
|
New Caledonia
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Article L.440.
|
2003/11/28
|
|
New Zealand
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
The Representation Commission decides the electorate boundaries using the following criteria:
- existing electorate boundaries
- community of interest (including tribal affiliations for Māori electorates)
- communications facilities (such as roads and telephone services)
- topographical features (mountains and rivers)
- projected variations in the General electoral populations of those districts during their life:
- no General district can be situated partially in the North Island and partially in the South Island
In respect of Māori electorates, the Representation Commission uses the above criteria and also takes into account tribal affiliations when deciding the electorate boundaries.
Source:
Electoral Act 1993, Art. 35 (3):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/NZ/new-zealand-electoral-act-2010/view (2017)
|
2024/07/02
|
|
Nicaragua
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Existing regional boundaries are used.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 132 (1):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/constitucion/constitucion-politica-de-nicaragua-con-reformas-a/ (2016);
Electoral Law No. 331: “Ley Electoral No. 331 (enmendada por la ley No. 790 del 23/05/2012)”, art. 17:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/leyes-electorales/nicaragua-ley-no.-331-ley-electoral-2012/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Niger
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
For the election of deputies to the National Assembly, the country is divided into constituencies according to the regional boundaries. There are also special constituencies taking into account the various cultural and ethnic minorities.
Source:
Loi No.2014-01 du 28 mars 2014, portant régime général des élections présidentielles, législatives et référendaires, art. 9: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/NE/niger-loi-2014-01-du-28-mars-2014-portant-regime
|
2017/01/31
|
|
Nigeria
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
No Senatorial district or Federal constituency shall fall within more than one State, and the boundaries of each district or constituency shall be as contiguous as possible and be such that the number of inhabitants thereof is as nearly equal to the population quota as is reasonably practicable.
Source:
Constitution 1999 (as amended), art. 72: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013)
|
2015/02/14
|
|
Niue
|
a. "Equality" of population
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
"Any determination or redetermination of the boundaries of any
village constituency shall, so far as practicable, having due regard
to local community interest, be made in accordance with the
principle that the number of electors in that village constituency
should not be substantially greater or smaller than the number of
electors in any other village constituency."
Source:
Constitution, Art. 16 (3).
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
i. No information available
|
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Norway
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Each county constitutes a constituency.
Source:
The Election Act, Ch. 11, Art. 11-1.
|
2017/05/19
|
|
Oman
|
h. Not applicable
|
The Shura Council should consist of elected members and represent all wilayats of the Sultanate. The number of Shura Council members identified should be according to the population of the wilayats.
The wilayat which has a population of less than 30,000 will get one representative and the wilayats which have population of over 30,000 will have two representatives.
Source:
Basic Statute of the State, as amended by Royal Decree No. 99/2011, art. 58 (bis 8): http://www.omantribune.com/index.php?page=news_main_page&id=1772 (2013);
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Oman_2011.pdf?lang=en (2019)
ROYAL DECREE NO. 86/97 On the Formation of The Council of Oman, art. 21 (a, b): http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/83508/92277/F2092950230/OMN83508.pdf (1997)
|
2025/04/29
|
|
Pakistan
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
All constituencies for general seats shall, as far as practicable, be delimited having regard to the distribution of population in geographically compact areas, physical features, existing boundaries of administrative units, facilities of communication and public convenience and other cognate factors to ensure homogeneity in the creation of constituencies.
Save as provided in clause (3) in respect of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, the seats in the National Assembly shall be allocated to each province and the Federal Capital on the basis of population in accordance with the last preceding census officially published:
Source:
Election Act including 2023 amendments, art. 20: https://ecp.gov.pk/storage/files/2/Elections%20Act%202017%20updated/Updated%20Elections%20Act%202017-231011-105435.pdf
Constitution, art. 51 (5): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Pakistan_2017
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Palau
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
Every eight years, a reapportionment committee redraws senate electoral districts based on population.
Source:
Constitution, Art. IX (4).
|
2016/11/02
|
|
Palestine
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
|
Source:
Elections Law 2 September 2007 regulating general elections, art. 7 (1): http://www.elections.ps/Portals/0/pdf/Election_Law_%282007-Sept_02%29-EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/08
|
|
Panama
|
a. "Equality" of population
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
The territory of the different provinces and regions is divided in electoral circuits according to different guidelines for its configuration, starting from the political division into administrative districts and then considering territorial proximity, demographic concentration, ties of vicinity, means of communication, and historic and cultural features.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”, art. 147 (1, 2, 4): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
|
2024/12/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
Organic Law on National and Local-level Government Elections, Section 36: http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/olonalge519/ (2012)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitución Nacional de la República del Paraguay, art. 221 & 223:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/constitucion/Paraguay%20%281992%29.pdf/ (1992)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
Peru
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
Three criteria are considered to set the number of representatives from each electoral district: a) Equity, by which one seat is assigned to each electoral district. b) Proportional Distribution, so that the remaining seats are allocated according to the electoral population from each district. C) Direct or Fixed Distribution, meaning that one or more electoral districts are directly assigned with a specific number of seats. Peru’s constituencies can be small, i.e. the Madre de Dios electoral district (one seat); medium, like La Libertad (seven seats); and large, such as Lima (thirty-six seats).
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política del Perú”, arts. 189 & 190: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-constitucion-politica-2019/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley 26859, orgánica de elecciones”, art. 21: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-26859-organica-elecciones-2019/
|
2020/01/28
|
|
Philippines
|
a. "Equality" of population
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
A uniform and progressive ratio of population must be ensured in drawing constituency boundaries.
Each legislative district shall comprise, as far as practicable, contiguous, compact, and adjacent territory. Each city with a population of at least two hundred fifty thousand, or each province, shall have at least one representative
Source:
Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 5 (1, 3):
http://www.gov.ph/the-philippine-constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-vi/ (2013)
http://www.asianlii.org/ph/legis/const/1987/7.html (2019)
|
2019/04/24
|
|
Poland
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
|
§ 1: Voting in elections shall be conducted in constant and distinct voting circuit established on
the territory of the municipality, subject to Art. 14 § 1 and art. 15 § 1
§ 3 A permanent voting circuit should include a vote of 500 to 3000 inhabitants. In cases
justified by local conditions, a circuit may include a smaller number of inhabitants.
Source:
Election Code: Act of 5 January 2011 on Election Code to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland, article 12: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/40/POL_Election%20Code.pdf
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Article 12(2):
The mainland constituencies match the areas of the administrative districts, are called by the same names and have their district capitals as their seats.
Source:
Law governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic, Article 12 (2):
https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/LeiEleitoralARen.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
a. "Equality" of population
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
|
The districts are made up by contiguous and compact territories, considering as far as possible the existing population and communication routes.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico”, art. III (s. 4) and VIII: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-constitucion-1970/ ;
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”, art. 9.6: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/ ;
Electoral Districts’ Law: “Determinación final de la Junta Constitucional de Revisión de Distritos Electorales Senatoriales y Representativos (2011)”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-distritos-electorales-2011/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Qatar
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Romania
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
Art. 11. – (1) Within each of the 43 constituencies they shall set up
uninominal colleges based on the norm of representation, as follows:
a) the number of uninominal colleges for the Chamber of Deputies, for the
Senate respectively, shall be set by relating the number of inhabitants of each
constituency to the norms of representation stipulated in article 5 (2) and (3),
to which they add a college of Deputy, respectively of Senator for what
exceeds the half of the norm of representation, without the number of the
colleges of Deputy in a constituency being less than 4, and that of Senator being
less than 2; Regulations on the Elections to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate
b) the number of inhabitants taken into account at the calculation of the
number of uninominal colleges which is delimitated within each county shall
be stipulated in article 5 (4).
Source:
Electoral Law: Law No. 35 of 13 March 2008 for the election to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, art. 11 & Annex 1.
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/4224/file/ROM%20Election%20Laws_en.pdf
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Russian Federation
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
|
7. The single-mandate electoral districts shall be formed in accordance with the following requirements:
1) approximate equality of single-mandate electoral districts according to the number of voters registered in their territory with a permissible deviation from the average voter representation rate within a single subject of the Russian Federation for not more than 10 per cent; in difficult or remote areas - no more than 15 per cent. The average rate of voter representation is determined by dividing the total number of voters registered on the territory of the Russian Federation, the number of single-mandate electoral districts allocated to this subject of the Russian Federation. The list of difficult and remote areas is established by the law of the Russian Federation in force at the date of adoption of the CEC decision to submit for the consideration of State Duma of the scheme of single-mandate electoral districts;
2) formation of single-mandate electoral districts from territories not adjacent to each other, except in territories not adjacent to other territories in the subject of the Russian Federation is not allowed;
3) the formation of a single-mandate electoral district in the territories of two or more subjects of the Russian Federation is not allowed;
4) at least one single-mandate electoral district must be formed at the territory of each subject of the Russian Federation;
5) distribution of single-mandate electoral districts among the subjects of the Russian Federation shall ensure the maximum of the equality of representation of voters from each subject of the Russian Federation in the State Duma according to the requirements provided for in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Part;
6) the name of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation should be included in the name of the single-mandate electoral districts;
Source:
Electoral Law: Federal Law On Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation,
amended as of April, 5, 2016, art. 12, par. 7:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiz-9bZwf6EAxVX4skDHb15AeIQFnoECBEQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.te.gob.mx%2Fvota_elections%2Fpage%2Fdownload%2F16240&usg=AOvVaw3NYZOKj696lT-b9Q5THAwf&opi=89978449
|
2024/03/18
|
|
Rwanda
|
i. No information available
|
The electoral constituency of the members of the Chamber of Deputies from the political organisations or from a coalition of political organisations and the independent candidates from which they are elected is the whole country. Twenty-four (24) women are elected according to national administrative entities. A Presidential Order shall determine the number of persons to be elected and the electoral constituency.
Source:
Loi organique n°03/2010/OL et loi n°27/2010 relative aux élections, art. 87, 104: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-organic-law-nb0-17-2003-of-07-07-2003/
|
2018/11/01
|
|
Réunion
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Saint Helena
|
e. Geographic size of district
|
Source:
Carol George, Office of the Chief Secretary, Saint Helena
|
2007/01/19
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
i. No information available
|
Not explicitly stated.
|
2020/05/13
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
g. Other
|
All constituencies shall contain as nearly equal numbers of inhabitants, but the Constituency Boundaries Commission may depart from this principle to such extent as it considers expedient to take account of the following factors: a) the density of population, and in particular the need to ensure the adequate representation of sparsely populated rural areas b) the means of communication c) geographical features and d) the boundaries of administrative areas.
Source:
Constitution of Saint Lucia, Part 5, Section 58(1) and Second Schedule.
|
2011/05/31
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
a. "Equality" of population
g. Other
|
All constituencies should contain as nearly equal numbers of inhabitants as appears to the Constituency Boundaries Commission to be reasonably practicable, but the Commission may depart from this principle to such extent as it considers expedient in order to take account of the following factors:
a. the density of population and in particular the need to ensure adequate representation of adequate representation of sparsely populated rural areas;
b. the means of communication;
c. geographical features; and
d. the boundaries of existing administrative areas.
Source:
Constitution of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1979: Section 33(2)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Samoa
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
Subject to the provisions of this Article, the Legislative Assembly shall consist of one member elected for each of 51 electoral constituencies having names, and comprising of villages or sub-villages as are prescribed from time to time by Act.
Subject to this Article, women Members of the Legislative Assembly shall: consist of a minimum of 10% of the Members of the Legislative Assembly.
Source:
Samoa Constitution: https://www.palemene.ws/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-Eng.pdf (2021)
|
2021/04/08
|
|
San Marino
|
h. Not applicable
|
The whole country forms one constituency.
Source:
Electoral law N.6 of 31 January 1996, Art. 10 (1): http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21801leggi_5336.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/25
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
The electoral law states that the constituencies shall broadly confirm to the existing administrative districts.
Source:
Electoral Law of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe n.º 11/90 of 26 November 1990, as amended (latest amendment - 2006),
art. 17: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ST/sao-tome-e-principe-electoral-law
|
2021/06/17
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Shura Council Law: http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Laws+and+Regulations/The+Shura+Council+and+the+rules+and+regulations+job/Shura+Council+Law/ (2012);
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Senegal
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Each departmental administrative division forms one constituency.
Source:
Electoral Code 2012, art. L.146, L.147: http://www.elections2012.sn/images/stories/CE2012.pdf (2017)
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Serbia
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2022/07/05
|
|
Seychelles
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
|
(3)In determining the number and boundaries of the electoral areas on Mahe and Praslin the Electoral Commission−
(a)shall have regard to –
(i)the boundaries of electoral areas which exist at the time of the determination by the Commission; and
(ii)the natural geographical features of Seychelles;
(b)shall ensure that, each electoral area on Mahe shall have, as nearly as is practicable, an equal number of inhabitants and each electoral area on Praslin shall have, as nearly as is practicable, an equal number of inhabitants.
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011), Article 112:3
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
|
2025/02/27
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
The boundaries of each constituency shall be such that the number of inhabitants thereof is as nearly equal to the population quota as is reasonably practicable.
Provided that the number of inhabitants of such a constituency may be greater or less than the population quota in order to take account of means of communications, geographical features, density of population, the distribution of different communities, the areas and boundaries of the Chiefdoms and other administrative or traditional areas.
Source:
Constitutionn (2008), art. 38: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-constitution-2008/
|
2017/01/12
|
|
Singapore
|
i. No information available
|
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act (revised 2011) Article 9, 20A
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/SG/singapore-parliamentary-elections-act-2011/view (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Slovakia
|
a. "Equality" of population
g. Other
|
(3) The election wards shall be distributed in such way, that their electorate is, as a rule, 1,000 voters. The election wards must not extend beyond the boundaries of the constituency.
Source:
Act on Elections to the National Council (2004), Part 2, Section 6 (3)
https://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/4420
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Slovenia
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
Election Act: art. 20: Eight constituencies shall be formed for -the election of deputies to the National Assembly. Eleven deputies shall be elected in each constituency.
Constituencies shall be formed according to the principle that one deputy is elected per an approximately equal number of inhabitants.
In the formation of constituencies and electoral districts, their geographical, common cultural and other characteristics must be taken into consideration.
Electoral districts may cover the area of a single municipality, two or more municipalities, or part of a municipality.
Each constituency shall be divided into eleven electoral districts, each with an approximately equal number of inhabitants. In each electoral district one deputy shall be elected.
For the election of deputies of the Italian or Hungarian national communities, special constituencies shall be formed in those areas in which these communities reside.
Source:
National Assembly Election Act, art. 20.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SI/national-assembly-elections-act/view
|
2017/03/30
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
a. "Equality" of population
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
Art. 54 (3): In making recommendations under the preceding subsection, the Constituency Boundaries Commission shall have regard to the principle that the number of inhabitants of each constituency shall be as nearly equal as is reasonably practicable: Provided that the Commission may depart from the foregoing principle to the extent as they consider expedient in order to take account of the distribution of the population, the means of communication, and ethnic affiliations.
Source:
Constitution of 1978, Amended 2014 and 2018 Art. 54 (3).
Constitution (2014): https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_Islands_2014.pdf?lang=en
Amendment 2018: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-constitution-amendment-2018
|
2019/02/28
|
|
Somalia
|
i. No information available
|
Source:
Transitional Constitution of 2012, Art. 61 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
|
2016/11/25
|
|
South Africa
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
-Provincial boundaries needs to be determined constitutionally
-Representations regarding changes to municipal boundaries affecting provincial boundaries need to be submitted to nation Minister responsible for local government
-The Constitution provides that a Bill providing for an amendment to alter provincial boundaries must be passed by the National Assembly with a supporting vote of at least two-thirds of its members, and also by the National Council of Provinces, with a supporting vote of at least six provinces. This parliamentary process is a part of a lengthy process to amend the Constitution (Section 74(3))
Source:
Municipal Demarcation Board FAQs: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-municipal-demarcation-board-faqs/view
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (as amended to 2009), Article 74(3): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-electoral-act-2010/view
|
2014/05/01
|
|
South Sudan
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
g. Other
|
The Commission shall demarcate the boundaries of geographical constituencies for elections to Legislative Assemblies and shall ensure that: a) no geographical constituency boundary shall cross State boundaries; b) the total population in each geographical constituency shall not deviate from the electoral dividend or the national dividend applied in each case by more or less than ten percent, except under exceptional circumstances, as determined and published by the Commission, where fifteen percent deviation may be applied; c) consideration shall be given to geographical features, population distribution and physical movements, as well as local administrative boundaries; d) consultations shall be conducted with local civil society groups and communities to ensure the acceptability of constituencies alongside a boundary awareness civic education program; e) the National Elections Commission shall review the names and boundaries of constituencies at intervals of not less than eight years and not more than 12 years provided that any review shall be completed at least twelve months before a general election; f) if a general election is to be held within twelve months after the completion of a review by the Commission, the new boundaries shall not take effect for purposes of that election; g) Subject to clauses a), b), c), and d), the names and details of the boundaries of constituencies determined by the Commission shall be published in the Gazette and the print media; and h) a member of the constituency affected by the boundaries review may apply to the Competent Court for review of the decision of the Commission under this section.
Source:
Transitional Constitution 2011, art. 192: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e269a3e2.html%C2%A0 (2012);
The National Elections Act, 2012, Part IV, Art. 41: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SS/south-sudan-the-national-elections-act-no.-39-of/view
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Spain
|
h. Not applicable
|
Constituencies are not delimited for election purposes but existing regional/provincial/other boundaries are used.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General”, arts. 161, 179 & 214:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-ley-organica-5-1985-de-19-de-junio-del-1/
|
2025/04/01
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
(2)Each Province of Sri Lanka may itself constitute an electoral district or may be divided into two or more electoral districts.
(3) Where a Province is divided into a number of electoral districts the Delimitation Commission shall have regard to the existing administrative districts so as to ensure as far as is practicable that each electoral district shall be an administrative district or a combination of two or more administrative districts or two or more electoral districts together constitute an administrative district.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 96 (2-3): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LK/sri-lanka-constitution-as-amended-up-to-9/at_download/file
|
2016/01/28
|
|
Sudan
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
The Commission shall demarcate the boundaries of geographical constituencies for the elections of the Legislative Assemblies. When so doing the Commission shall ensure that:
(a) no geographical constituency boundaries shall cross State boundaries,
(b) the total population in each geographical constituency shall not deviate
from the electoral dividend or the national dividend applied in each case
by more or less than fifteen percent,
(c) consideration be given to geographical features, population distribution,
and physical movements, as well as local administrative boundaries.
Source:
The National Elections Act 2008, art. 38: http://www.gurtong.org/ResourceCenter/documents/Reports/Elections-09/nationalelectionsact2008.pdf (2012)
|
2012/08/31
|
|
Suriname
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 1987, Art. 24: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Electoral/Sur/suriname.html (2012)
https://freedomhouse.org/country/suriname/freedom-world/2024
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Swaziland
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 91(2)-(5).
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Sweden
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
|
For Riksdag elections, the island of Gotland constitutes a special case due to its position as Sweden's largest island. Gotland is therefore counted as one individual Riksdag constituency regardless of the number of registered residents.
Source:
Electoral Law of 2005, Ch. 4, Section 1 : http://www.val.se/pdf/2005_elections_act.pdf
The Instrument of Government, Ch. 3, Art. 5: Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Start/Bestall/Sprakversioner/English---engelska1/Sveriges-grundlagar-och-riksdagsordningen1/ (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
g. Other
|
Each canton forms an electoral constituency.
Source:
Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation, Art. 53, 149(3): https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/201506140000/101.pdf (2015).
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
a. "Equality" of population
e. Geographic size of district
|
Source:
The General Electoral Laws of Syria, Art 18-20.
|
2014/06/03
|
|
Tajikistan
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
In the period of formation of constituencies the following requirements must be observed:
1. Tentative equality of constituencies based on number of electors may range 15% from total number of electors and this figure may reach 20% in remote regions.
2. Constituencies form the unit boundaries in the territory of GBAO, oblasts, Dushanbe city, cities and districts of the republican subordination. Formation of constituencies of regions not bordering each other is not permitted.
Source:
Constitutional Law On Elections to the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan, amended as of July 26, 2014, article 21.
|
2025/02/14
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
In demarcating the boundaries of constituencies, the Electoral Commission shall take due account of the availability of means of communication also the geographical conditions of the area intended demarcation into constituencies.
Source:
Constitution, art. 75 (3): http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf
|
2015/10/21
|
|
Thailand
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
In a Changwat where the number of members of the House of Representatives to be elected is not more than one, the area of that Changwat shall be regarded as the constituency and in a Changwat where the number of members of the House of Representatives is more than one, the area of such Changwat shall be divided into constituencies, the numbers of which equal to the numbers of members of the House of Representatives. In the case where a Changwat is divided into more constituencies than one, the boundary of each constituency shall be adjoining and the number of inhabitants in each constituency must be closely apportioned.
Source:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand 2016, Art. 86: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/TH/thailand-constitution-of-the-kingdom-of-thailand/view;
Organic Act B.E. 2541 on the Election of Members of the House of Representatives and Senators, Sec. 8: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/82875/91084/F2001408222/THA82875.pdf
|
2023/10/04
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Law on the Election of the National Parliament of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, article 9:
https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/Election%20Law%20East%20Timor%20%28Pres%29.pdf
|
2024/10/02
|
|
Togo
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
Source:
Organic Law of 18/06/2012 fixing the number of members of the National Assembly, the eligibility criteria and the incompatibilities, art. 5 (4): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TG/togo-organic-law-of-18-06-2012-fixing-the-number/view (2012)
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Tonga
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
In determining the degree of variation of size between electoral constituencies (within the 10 per centum allowance) the Commission shall give due consideration to (a) the principle of population equality between electoral constituencies; (b) density of population; (c) physical features including the natural boundaries of islands; (d) local, town, district and traditional divisions and administrative areas; (e) the keeping of villages, estates, districts and communities of interest intact where possible; and (f) community of interests within the proposed electoral constituency, including economic, social and regional interests.
Source:
The Electoral Boundaries Commission Act 2010, Art. 17 (3), 18 https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/tonga-electoral-boundaries-commission-act-2010-1 (2021)
|
2021/09/13
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
g. Other
|
The Elections and Boundaries Commission submits reports every two to five years to the Prime Minister and the Speaker of the House of Representatives stating the redistricting needs, or lack thereof. The Delimitation of Constituencies Rules pays special attention to the needs of sparsely populated areas and the facility of communication between various places within the polling divisions.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”, Section 72 & Second Schedule “Boundaries of Constituencies”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act”, Registration Rules, Section 3(2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-rop-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Tunisia
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
The Electoral Law requires that electoral constituencies be defined by law. However, until the law on boundary delimitation is passed, the same division of electoral constituencies and number of seats adopted for the election of the National Constituent Assembly shall be used. Each governorate shall represent one or more constituencies but the number of seats allocated thereto, shall not exceed 10. Two additional seats shall be allocated to the governorates counting less than 270.000 inhabitants. An additional seat shall be allocated to the governorates counting between 270.000 and 500.000 inhabitants. According to these criteria, there are 33 constituencies, including 27 constituencies within the county and 6 constituencies abroad.
Source:
Organic Law n° 2014-16 of 26 May 2014 on Elections and Referenda, art. 106, 173: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/view (2014);
Legislative decree No 35 of 10 May 2011, on the election of a National Constituent Assembly, art. 33: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-decree-no.-35-dated-10-may-on-the-election/view (2014);
Decree n° 2011-1088 of 3 August 2011 on the delimitation of electoral constituencies and the determination of the number of seats allocated to them for the election of National Constituent Assembly: http://www.legislation-securite.tn/sites/default/files/D%C3%A9cret%20n%C2%B0%202011-1088%20du%203%20Ao%C3%BBt%202011%20(Fr).pdf (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
|
The following rules shall be observed for the determination of the election districts of the provinces:
a) Election districts shall be formed so that every election district elects an equal number of deputies or a number of deputies as close as possible.
b) The scope of each election district shall be the same as the administrative scope of the concerned county to the extent possible
c) The numbers of inhabitants and means of transportation shall be taken into account when several counties are gathered into one election district...
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 4: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
Approximately equal number of voters.
Source:
Law of Turkmenistan on Elections of Deputies of the Mejlis of Turkmenistan (2008), art. 10
|
2013/03/05
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
The Supervisor of Elections can propose the division of any electoral district into so many polling divisions, whose boundaries shall have regard for geographical and population considerations and other factors—such as facility of communication between various places within the polling division—, to the Governor.
Source:
Constitution: “The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands”, Section 61(2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-constitution-2014/ ;
Electoral Law: “Elections Ordinance”, Section 5: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-elections-ordinance-2018/
|
2020/10/08
|
|
Tuvalu
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
83. Principles of electoral apportionment
(2) Subject to subsection (1), a Bill for an Act for the purposes of section 82 (composition of Parliament) shall, so far as practicable, be based on the principle that each member of Parliament should represent approximately the same number of electors, but in the circumstances of Tuvalu account must also be taken of-
(a) geographical features; and
(b) interests or relationships of any kind that various areas-
(i) may have in common; or
(ii) may not have in common; and
(c) the boundaries of existing administrative and traditional areas; and
(d) means of communication; and
(e) density and mobility of population; and
(f) such other factors as are prescribed by an Act of Parliament for the purpose.
Source:
Constitution, art. 83 (2): http://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_1.pdf
|
2019/02/25
|
|
Uganda
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
The Constitution sets provisions for constituency boundaries to be such that the number of inhabitants in the constituency is, as nearly as possible, equal to the population quota. It may be greater or less than the population quota in order to take account of means of communication, geographical features, density of population, area and boundaries of districts.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 63 (2-5): http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf (2016)
|
2016/02/08
|
|
Ukraine
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
The Parliament is composed of 450 deputies, half of which are elected from a single countrywide constituency. For the election of the other 225 deputies, the territory of Ukraine shall be divided into 225 single-member constituencies which shall be established by the Central Election Commission. The constituency boundaries are determined in accordance with the existing administrative boundaries, the number of registered voters in each constituency and the interests of local communities and ethnic minorities living in the respective territory.
Source:
The Law on Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine (last amended in 2019), art. 18 (2):
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/4061-17
|
2019/03/12
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
The Federal national council shall be composed of forty members. Seats shall be distributed to member Emirates as follows:
8 seats for Abu Dhabi. 8 seats for Dubai. 6 seats for Sharjah. 6 seats for Ras Al Khaimah. 4 seats for Ajman. 4 seats for Fujairah. 4 seats for Umm Al Quwain.
Source:
Constitution, art. 68: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Arab_Emirates_2009?lang=en
|
2019/09/25
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
A Boundary Commission may take into account, if and to such extent as they think fit:
(a)special geographical considerations, including in particular the size, shape and accessibility of a constituency;
(b)local government boundaries which exist, or are prospective, on the review date;
(c)boundaries of existing constituencies;
(d)any local ties that would be broken by changes in constituencies;
(e)the inconveniences attendant on such changes.
Source:
Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986, Schedule 2: Section 5(1), https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1986/56/schedule/2#commentary-key-8a8f16ee5d11430ea3a1714ea00d466a
|
2025/06/12
|
|
United States of America
|
a. "Equality" of population
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
Boundaries for congressional districts are drawn on criteria of "as equal in population as practicable."
Nondiscrimination on the basis of race must also be considered.
Beyond these, states develop their own criterion.
Source:
U.S. Constitution Art. 1, Sect. 2 (Apportionment Clause):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/US/united-states-of-america-constitution-1992/view ;
1965 Voting Rights Act, Sect. 2:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/US/united-states-of-america-voting-rights-act-1965/view ;
National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL):
https://www.ncsl.org/research/redistricting/redistricting-criteria.aspx
|
2024/09/30
|
|
Uruguay
|
h. Not applicable
|
For elections to the Chamber of Representatives each Department forms one constituency. For presidential elections and elections to the Senate the whole country forms one constituency.
Source:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, arts. 88, 94, 151, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
|
2024/12/18
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
The boundaries of single-member electoral districts for elections of deputies to the Legislative Chamber are determined taking into account the administrative-territorial structure of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regions and the city of Tashkent, as a rule, with an equal number of voters throughout the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Single-member constituencies for elections to local Kengashes are formed by the corresponding territorial, district, city election commission, as a rule, with an equal number of voters once every five years. The boundaries of electoral districts are determined taking into account the administrative-territorial structure of the region, districts and cities.
When forming single-member electoral districts, the maximum allowable deviation of the number of voters in electoral districts, as a rule, should not exceed ten percent.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chapter 2, Article 9: https://lex.uz/docs/4458857?ONDATE=26.06.2019
|
2024/08/26
|
|
Vanuatu
|
g. Other
|
The six provinces and two municipalities of the country are delimited into six single-member
and 11 multi-member electoral districts, containing altogether over 309 polling stations. There are severe disparities between the electoral districts in terms of size of population, resources and geographical features
Source:
Vanuatu: Limitations to the Independence of the EMB: https://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/em/electoral-management-case-studies/vanuatu-limitations-to-the-independence-of-the-emb
|
2016/01/25
|
|
Venezuela
|
a. "Equality" of population
c. Compactness of constituencies
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
|
Indigenous districts are drawn.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica de Procesos Electorales”, art. 19, 175, 179: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-ley-organica-procesos-electorales-2009/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
Viet Nam
|
a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
|
The number and the list of constituencies and the number of deputies for each constituency shall be determined according to its size of population by the Standing Committee of the National Assembly.
Source:
Law of 1997 on Election of Deputies to the National Assembly, as amended and supplemented by laws No. 31/2001/QH10 and No: 63/2010/QH12, art. 11 (2): http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/lists/vn%20bn%20php%20lut/view_detail.aspx?itemid=2526 (2016)
|
2021/03/23
|
|
Virgin Islands, British
|
i. No information available
|
|
2019/02/08
|
|
Virgin Islands, U.S.
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
John Abramson, Supervisior of Elections USVI
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Wallis and Futuna
|
a. "Equality" of population
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Article L.440.
|
2004/01/15
|
|
Western Sahara
|
i. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Yemen
|
a. "Equality" of population
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
|
The designation of constituencies shall be governed by the principle of demographic equity and by other geographic and social considerations.
Source:
General Elections and Referendum Law of 2001, art. 53, 24 (a): http://www.scer.org.ye/english/generalelectionslaw.htm (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
Zambia
|
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
e. Geographic size of district
g. Other
|
The Electoral Commission shall, in delimiting the boundaries
of constituencies and wards—
(a)
take into account the history, diversity and cohesiveness
of the constituency or ward;
(b)
have regard to population density, trends and projections;
(c)
ensure that the number of inhabitants in each constituency
or ward is reasonable, taking into account the means of
communication and geographical features;
(d)
ensure that constituencies and wards are wholly within
districts; and
(e)
seek to achieve an approximate equality of constituency
and ward population, subject to the need to ensure
adequate representation for urban and sparsely populated
areas.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Zambia, art. 59
http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/amendment_act/Constitution%20of%20Zambia%20%20%28Amendment%29,%202016-Act%20No.%202_0.pdf (2016)
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2016/06/28
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Zanzibar
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a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
g. Other
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All constituencies shall as far as possible have an equal number of residents. In addition, the Electoral Commission shall take into consideration: 1) the size of the population particularly ensuring appropriate representation in urban areas and towns in rural areas thinly populated; 2) population growth; 3) the means of communication; 4) administrative demarcations and the number of inhabitants in any part of Zanzibar.
Source:
The Constitution of Zanzibar, art. 65, 120 (3)
http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tz/tz028en.pdf (2016)
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2016/04/05
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Zimbabwe
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a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
e. Geographic size of district
f. Communities of interest/cultural concerns
g. Other
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In dividing Zimbabwe into wards and constituencies, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission must, in respect of any area, give due consideration to:
1) its physical features;
2) the means of communication within the area;
3) the geographical distribution of registered voters;
4) any community of interest as between registered voters;
5) in the case of any delimitation after the first delimitation, existing electoral boundaries; and
6) its population;
and to give effect to these considerations, the Commission may depart from the requirement that constituencies and wards must have equal numbers of voters, but no constituency or ward of the local authority concerned may have more than twenty per cent more or fewer registered voters than the other such constituencies or wards.
Source:
Constitution of 2013, art. 161: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Zimbabwe_2013 (2013)
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2023/09/21
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