|
total countries/territories: 212
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Afghanistan
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
On important national, political, social as well as economic issues the President can call for a referendum of the people of Afghanistan. The referendum shall not be contrary to the provisions of this Constitution or require its amendment.
Source:
Constitution of Afghanistan, art. 65: http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf (2015).
|
2019/09/24
|
|
Albania
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Constitution: Art. 150: 1. The people, through 50 thousand citizens who enjoy the right to vote, have the right to a referendum for the abrogation of a law, as well as to request the President of the Republic to hold a referendum about issues of special importance.
Art. 177: 5. The approved constitutional amendment is put to a referendum when this is required by one-fifth of the members of the Assembly.
Source:
The Constitution of Republic of Albania, Art. 150 - 152, 177.
|
2017/05/19
|
|
Algeria
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Constitutional changes as well as issues of national importance.
Source:
Constitution, art. 77 (10), 174 - 177: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Algeria_2008?lang=en (2017)
https://www.joradp.dz/hfr/consti.htm
|
2019/09/25
|
|
Andorra
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
IDEA International Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/42/45
|
2023/06/09
|
|
Angola
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
168 (3) Constitutional referendums shall not be permitted.
Source:
Constitution of 3 February 2010, art. 168 (3): http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7B9555c635-8d7c-4ea1-b7f9-0cd33d08ea40%7D.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Anguilla
|
e. Not applicable
|
|
2015/02/27
|
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/20
|
|
Argentina
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Bills referring to constitutional reform, international treaties, taxation, budget, and criminal legislation shall not originate in popular initiatives.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la Nación Argentina — Ley 24430, texto oficial ordenado”, art. 40: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-constitucion-nacional-reformas-1994/ (2019)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Armenia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The issues of adopting a Constitution or making amendments to it, adopting laws, as well as questions of exploring the public opinion on the most important issues of state life can be submitted to referendum.
Source:
Law on Referendum of the Republic of Armenia (2001), art. 4: http://res.elections.am/images/doc/hanraqve_eng.pdf (2013);
Constitution of the Republic of Armenia, art. 111, 112: http://res.elections.am/images/doc/consist_eng.pdf (2013).
|
2015/12/01
|
|
Aruba
|
d. No information available
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2009/08/20
|
|
Australia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf)
Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00100/f03f448e-da13-4d34-928b-688bc43735e4
|
2024/09/09
|
|
Austria
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Constitution of Austria, Articles 1-46
|
2012/05/29
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
I. The people of Azerbaijan may resolve any issue related to their rights and interests by means of referendum.
II. The following issues may be resolved by referendum only:
1. adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and introduction of amendments thereto;
2. alteration of state borders of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
III. No referendum may be held with respect to the following issues:
1. taxation and state budget;
2. amnesty and pardon;
3. election, appointment or approval of the officials, whose election, appointment or approval is assigned to the competence of the legislative and (or) executive bodies respectively.(or) executive bodies.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1995) including amendments, article 3: https://president.az/en/pages/view/azerbaijan/constitution
|
2024/11/12
|
|
Bahamas
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
The Constitution Referendum Act applies only to those laws which are enacted within the constitution. The act is to provide for the manner in which a vote
shall be taken for the purpose of obtaining the approval of the electors with respect to a Bill which seeks to alter certain Articles of the Constitution of The Bahamas.
Source:
Constitution Referendum Act (1977), Preamble.
http://laws.bahamas.gov.bs/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1977/1977-0016/ConstitutionalReferendumAct_1.pdf
|
2017/03/27
|
|
Bahrain
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 43: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahrain_2017
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Bangladesh
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2012/05/30
|
|
Belarus
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The issues, which may be submitted to a republican referendum, include the most important issues of the state and public life of the Republic of Belarus.
The issues, which may be submitted to a local referendum, include the most important issues for the population of respective administrative territorial units, which fall within the competence of the respective local Councils of Deputies, and executive and administrative bodies.
The following issues may not be submitted to the republican referendum:
any issues which may lead to violation of the territorial integrity of the Republic of Belarus;
any issues concerning the elections and dismissal of the President of the Republic of Belarus and appointment (election or dismissal) of officials whose appointment (election or dismissal) is within the competence of the President of the Republic of Belarus and the Chambers of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus;
any issues on adopting and amending the budget and introducing, changing and cancelling taxes (duties); and
any issues on amnesty or pardon.
The issues, which may not be submitted to the local referendum, include those specified in the part three of this Article, the issues of importance for the Republic of Belarus as a whole, and the issues, relating to approval and dismissal of officials, which are within the competence of a respective local executive and administrative body or the head of such body.
Source:
Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 112: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Belgium
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm);
The Belgian Constitution
|
2019/04/25
|
|
Belize
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
Source:
Constitution: “Belize Constitution, Chapter 4”, Section 69: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-constitution-2022/ ;
Referendum Law: “Referendum Act, Chapter 10”, Section 2: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-referendum-act-2020/
|
2025/03/24
|
|
Benin
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The President, following consultation with the President of the National Assembly and the President of the Constitutional Court can take initiative on referendums pertaining to:
The promotion and strengthening of human rights.
Regional or subregional integration.
The organisation of public authorities.
All projects pertaining to the revision of the Constitution.
All questions voted on by the majority (3/4s) of the National Assembly.
Source:
Constitution of 11 December 1990, art. 4, 58, 108, 155
http://www.uprbenin.org/Documents/loi_referendaire_2011/proposition.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/05
|
|
Bhutan
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
A National Referendum shall be organized to provide an opportunity for the people of Bhutan to have their say on proposed laws, issue of national significance or amendment to the Constitution.
Source:
National Referendum Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2008 Article 3: https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/NationalReferendumActEnglish.pdf
Constitution of Bhutan, Article 34: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008
|
2024/08/27
|
|
Bolivia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Referendums cover constitutional issues, ratification of international treaties and formation of indigenous autonomies or regions.
Source:
Constitution; "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 11 (II-1), 240 (III), 257 (II), 259, 260 (III), 294 (II), 295 (II), 411, 162 (I-1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
Electoral Law; “Ley del Régimen Electoral — Ley 026-2010”, art. 12: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-026-2010-regimen-electoral-vigente/ (2019).
|
2024/12/10
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2025/06/26
|
|
Botswana
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
In order to pass a bill amending certain constitutional provisions, a referendum must be conducted and approved by the majority of voters.
Source:
Constitution of Botswana art. 89 (4): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-constitution-of-1966-with-amendments-up/view (2014).
Referendum Act, (Chapter 02:10): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-referendum-act-chapter-02-10/view (2014).
|
2014/10/28
|
|
Brazil
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
In Brazil, referendums can address both constitutional and other significant issues. They are used to decide on matters of constitutional relevance, legislative proposals, or administrative decisions.
Plebiscite and referendum are consultations to the people to decide on matters of relevance to the nation in constitutional, legislative, or administrative issues. (Source: Plebiscite and Referendum)
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, Article 14, 49:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Law No. 9,709, of November 18, 1998:
https://www.planalto.gov.br/Ccivil_03/leis/L9709.htm
Plebiscite and Referendum:
https://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/plebiscitos-e-referendos
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/fdl/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Brunei_Constitution_1959_amended%202011_EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/18
|
|
Bulgaria
|
d. No information available
|
Source:
http://www.parliament.bg/en/const
|
2014/10/01
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution as amended in 2015, art. 49, 147, 164, 169: http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/fr/bf/bf017fr.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Constitution of Myanmar, art. 436 (a), 441: http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/Constitution-1.pdf (2015).
|
2015/11/20
|
|
Burundi
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution 4, 204, 282: https://acbc.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl441/files/Legislation/Countries%20legislations/BURUNDI/Constitution%20of%20Burundi%20of%20_2018_compressed.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Cambodia
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.ccc.gov.kh/detail_info_en.php?_txtID=791
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Cameroon
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The President of the Republic may, after consulting with the President of the Constitutional Council, the President of the National Assembly and the President of the Senate, submit to a referendum any reform bill which,although normally reserved to the legislative power, could have profound repercussions on the future of the Nation and national institutions
Source:
Electoral Code Chapter VII section 197: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-electoral-code-english-2012
|
2018/11/07
|
|
Canada
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
International Idea (2008):"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm).
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Cape Verde
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Each referendum shall only have a sole question as its object and the following questions shall not, in any case, be submitted to popular scrutiny:
a) Separation and the interdependence of the organs of sovereignty and their powers;
b) Independence of the courts and their decisions;
c) Separation of churches from the State;
d) Appointment of the elected holders of the organs of sovereignty and of local administration by universal, direct, secret and periodic ballot;
e) Pluralism of expression, existence of political parties and associations and rights of the opposition;
f) Rights, liberties and guarantees established constitutionally;
g) National or local acts which have a budgetary, tributary or financial content;
h) Autonomy of the local administration, as well as the organization and competence of their organs.
Source:
Constitution of Cape Verde as amended in 2010, art. 103 (3), 203 (2-a): http://www.parlamento.cv/Downloads/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Cabo%20verde,%202010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution: “Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009”, Section 69, 70: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-constitution-2009/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
Central African Republic
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Electoral Law N° 09.016, Art. 136 - 151: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016);
Constitution, Art. 19, 28, 69, 70, 107: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/fr/text.jsp?file_id=193706 (2016)
|
2021/04/19
|
|
Chad
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law n° 008/PR/2005, art. 82, 220 (3), 224 (3): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chad_2005.pdf?lang=en (2016)
|
2019/04/23
|
|
Chile
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Chile (2017)”, art. 128 & 129:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-1/
|
2025/03/27
|
|
China
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Cocos (keeling) Islands
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
239. Amendments to the Australian constitution must be approved in a referendum.
A double majority, comprising a majority of the national electorate and a majority in
four of the six states, is required for an amendment to be adopted. The government may
also hold non-binding referendums on other issues.
Source:
International IDEA Handbook for Direct Democracy (2008), page 192: https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf
|
2019/08/02
|
|
Colombia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Legislative proposals, including presidential decrees, and any issue of national relevance.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 104, 170, 374, 377, 378:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016 (2016)
Law 134 of 1994 on political participation: “Ley 134-1994 de participación ciudadana”, art. 33, 35:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/leyes-electorales/colombia-ley-134-de-1994-participacion-ciudadana/ (1994)
|
2024/12/13
|
|
Comoros
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 37: http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/com128670.pdf (2016)
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 86, 180, 186: http://www.presidence.cg/files/my_files/constit200102.pdf (2017);
Election law of 24 November 2001, Art. 43: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2017)
Election law of 24 November 2001, Amended 2016, Art. 44, 45
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-amendments-2016/view (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Constitution de la RDC (2011) Art. 5, 214, 218:http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CD/rdc-constitution-2011/
|
2016/11/30
|
|
Costa Rica
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica”, art. 105: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-constitucion-politica-reformas-2015.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
Croatia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Article 86: (1) The Croatian Parliament may call a referendum on a proposal for the amendment of the Constitution, on a bill, or any other issue within its competence.
(2) The President of the Republic may, at the proposal of the Government and with the counter-signature of the Prime Minster, call a referendum on a proposal for the amendment of the Constitution or any other issue which he considers to be important for the independence, unity and existence of the Republic of Croatia.
(3) The Croatian Parliament shall call a referendum upon the issues from sections 1 and 2 of this Article when so demanded by ten percent of all voters in the Republic of Croatia.
Article 141: (4) Any decision concerning the association of the Republic of Croatia shall be made on a referendum by a majority vote of the total number of electors in the State.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Croatia as revised on 06 July 2010, art. 87 & 142.
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Croatia_2013?lang=en
|
2020/07/06
|
|
Cuba
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/
|
2023/09/12
|
|
Cyprus
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Proclamation and holding of votes may be requested in order to seek the opinion of the people in particularly important, public interest issues as specified in the following provisions of this Law.
Source:
The Referenda Law of 1989 (206/1989) Art. 2
http://www.cylaw.org/nomoi/enop/non-ind/1989_1_206/full.html
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Cyprus (North)
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Czech Republic
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
Again, only rules on referenda dealing with the EU accession
Source:
Constitution of the Czech Republic
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Czech_Republic_2013?lang=en
|
2018/03/02
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 43, 126: http://cndj.ci/constitution.htm (2012)
|
2012/12/17
|
|
Denmark
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2016/10/14
|
|
Djibouti
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Article 33: The President of the Republic can, after consultation of the President of the National Assembly and of the President of the Constitutional Council, submit any Bill of law to referendum.
Article 62 (3): No cession, no acquisition of territory is valid without the consent of the people who decide by means of referendum.
Article 91:The initiative of revision of the Constitution belongs concurrently to the President of the Republic and to the Deputies.
For it to be discussed, any parliamentary proposal for revision must be signed by one-third at least of the members of the National Assembly.
The Bill or proposal of revision must be voted with the majority of members of the National Assembly, and only becomes definitive after having been approved by referendum with the simple majority of the suffrage expressed.
Nevertheless, the referendum procedure may be avoided on the decision of the President of the Republic; in this case, the Bill or proposal of revision is only approved if it is adopted with the majority of two-thirds of the members composing the National Assembly.
Source:
Constitution, as amended by Constitutional Law n° 134/AN/06/5 L of 21 Avril 2010, art. 33, 62, 91: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Djibouti_2010.pdf?lang=en (2016)
|
2018/04/02
|
|
Dominica
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/22
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
According with the Constitution, referendum cannot take place on approval or revocation of chosen authorities.
Source:
Constitución: Constitución de la República Dominicana (2015) art. 272: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-constitucion-politica-2015/ (2020)
|
2020/02/05
|
|
Ecuador
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The ratification of treaties can be requested by referendum.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 106, 420, 441, 442: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
Egypt
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art.137, 151, 161, 226: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
|
2025/09/30
|
|
El Salvador
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”, art. 89: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Constitution as amended by referendum of 23 November 2011, art. 133 (4)
|
2012/10/03
|
|
Estonia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Law: § 1: (1) The Riigikogu shall submit any amendment of Chapters 1 and 15 of the Constitution to a referendum. The Riigikogu may submit other draft Acts that amend the Constitution, and other draft Acts or other national issues to a referendum.
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia with latest amendment on 6 May 2015, § 56, 65, 105 & 162-168.
Law: Referendum Act latest amended 12 October 2016
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2019/02/20
|
|
Ethiopia
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Referenda can be held in relation to the right to self-determination, including secession, of every Nation, Nationality and People and the right of any Nation, Nationality or People to form its own state.
Source:
Constitution, art. 39 (4 - b,c), 47 (3 - b,c,e);
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007, art. 32: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
The amendment of constituencies.
Source:
Constitution: “Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008”, Section 27: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-constitution-2008/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Fiji
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
If a Bill for the amendment of the Constitution is passed by Parliament,
the President shall refer the Bill to the Electoral Commission, which shall conduct a referendum for all registered voters in Fiji to vote on the Bill. If the outcome of the referendum is that three-quarters of the total number of
the registered voters have voted in favour of the Bill, then the President must assent to the Bill, which shall come into force on the date of the Presidential assent or on such other date as prescribed in the Bill.
Source:
Constitution, sec. 160: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
|
2018/04/20
|
|
Finland
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
section 53: The decision to organise a consultative referendum is made by an Act, which shall contain provisions on the time of the referendum and on the choices to be presented to the voters.
Provisions concerning the conduct of a referendum are laid down by an Act.
At least fifty thousand Finnish citizens entitled to vote have the right to submit an initiative for the enactment of an Act to the Parliament, as provided by an Act.
Source:
Constitution, Section 14, 53: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf (2012);
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2019/04/02
|
|
France
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Constitution, Art. 3, 11, 89;
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/France_2008?lang=en
Official Website of the Constitutional Court: https://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/sites/default/files/2018-08/2005_ref_articles_constitution.pdf (2012)
|
2020/06/20
|
|
Gabon
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution (as amended in 2011), art. 2, 18, 114, 116
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gabon_1997?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Gambia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution, sections 63 (4, 5), 79 (2), 102 (d), 226: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gambia_2004?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Georgia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Referendums may be conducted about the issues of great state importance; Also about the issues and principles considered by the Law of Georgia, and international contracts and agreements.
Source:
he Election Code of Georgia, art. 172:
https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1557168?publication=87
|
2024/07/25
|
|
Germany
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
A new constitution and the reorganization of the federal territory (Constitution, Art. 29).
Source:
Constitution, Art. 29
https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.html
|
2021/11/29
|
|
Ghana
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Constitutional changes and creation, alteration or merger of regions.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Ghana (1996), art. 5 and 290: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-constitution-1992-with-amendments-through/view
|
2016/10/05
|
|
Gibraltar
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2019/11/04
|
|
Greece
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
Τhe President of the Republic shall by decree proclaim a referendum on crucial national matters following a resolution voted by an absolute majority of the total number of Members of Parliament, taken upon proposal of the Cabinet.
A referendum on Bills passed by Parliament regulating important social matters, with the exception of the fiscal ones shall be proclaimed by decree by the President of the Republic, if this is decided by three-fifths of the total number of its members, following a proposal of two-fifths of the total number of its members, and as the Standing Orders and the law for the application of the present paragraph provide.
No more than two proposals to hold a referendum on a Bill can be introduced in the same parliamentary term.
Source:
Constitution, art. 44 (2)
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Greece_2008?lang=en
|
2020/07/26
|
|
Greenland
|
d. No information available
|
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Grenada
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/23
|
|
Guam
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Referendum is the power of the voters to initiate action to repeal existing statutes or parts of statutes, except statutes calling for elections or appropriations for usual current expenses of Guam.
Source:
3 Guam Code Ch. 16:
http://www.guamcourts.org/CompilerofLaws/GCA/03gca/3gc016.PDF
|
2020/10/28
|
|
Guatemala
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Particularly transcendent political decisions, as well as constitutional reforms to articles other than those in Chapter 1 of the Second Title of the Constitution ("Individual Rights"), will be submitted to consultation before all citizens, which will be called by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal. Such reforms will only come into effect once they are ratified by popular consultation.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala”, art. 173: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/constitucion/guatemala-constitucion-politica-2012/ —
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993.pdf
|
2023/05/29
|
|
Guinea
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution (2010), art. 51, 152: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-constitution-2010-english-version/
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
d. No information available
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 85 (b): http://www.anpguinebissau.org/leis/constituicao/constituicaoguine.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Haiti
|
d. No information available
|
|
2015/04/08
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
e. Not applicable
|
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Honduras
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Referendum takes place on ordinary laws, constitutional rules or amendments for ratification or disapproval by the citizens.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de 1982", art. 5: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-constitucion-politica-de-1982-2021/ ;
Direct Democracy Law: "Ley de mecanismos de participación ciudadana (2013)”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-democracia-directa-2013/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
d. No information available
|
|
2021/06/07
|
|
Hungary
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
National referenda may be held about any matter within Parliament’s responsibilities and competences.
No national referendum may be held on:
a) any matter aimed at the amendment of the Fundamental Law.
Source:
Constitution: The Fundamental Law of Hungary, The State, National Referenda, art. 8(2-3): http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=140968.322953.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
Iceland
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/20
|
|
India
|
d. No information available
|
Legal provisions for direct democracy measures are not found in the Constitution or Representation of the Peoples Act.
Source:
The Constitution of India: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/IN/india-constitution-as-amended-to-2007/view
Representation of the People Act, 1950: http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf
Representation of the People Act, 1951: http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/04_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201951.pdf
|
2024/09/11
|
|
Indonesia
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-constitution/view
|
2014/04/02
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
IFES: "Duality By Design: The Iranian Electoral System" (2011). Electoral Management Bodies https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/14620_2_R_Duality_by_Design__The_Iranian_Electoral_System_Yasmin_Alem.pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Iraq
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Iraqi Constitution, Articles 126 (2, 3, 4,), & 142 (3, 4): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/Full%20Text%20of%20Iraqi%20Constitution.pdf/view
|
2018/04/19
|
|
Ireland
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=107&database_theme=309
Constitution, Art. 47, 27(5): https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Israel
|
d. No information available
|
Source:
International IDEA Direct Democracy Handbook:
https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook.pdf
|
2019/06/13
|
|
Italy
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 71, 75, 123, 132 and 138
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Italy_2012?lang=en
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Japan
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Constitution, ChIX, Art.96 "Amendments to this Constitution shall be initiated by the Diet, through a concurring vote of two-thirds or more of all the members of each House and shall thereupon be submitted to the people for ratification, which shall require the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes cast thereon, at a special referendum or at such election as the Diet shall specify."
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf
The Constitution of Japan, Ch IX, Art.96:
https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html
|
2019/07/10
|
|
Jersey
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/23
|
|
Jordan
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.representatives.jo/pdf/constitution_en.pdf (2012)
|
2012/08/17
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The subject of referendum shall be:
1) adoption of the Constitution, constitutional acts, laws of the Republic, introduction to them of any changes and additions;
2) solution of other most important issues of the public life of the Republic.
Source:
Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the Republican Referendum (dated May 1999), Article 2:
https://www.election.gov.kz/eng/election-legal-framework/on-the-republican-referendum.php
|
2024/10/24
|
|
Kiribati
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
In so far as it alters Chapter II of this Constitution, an Act under this section shall not come into operation unless the provisions contained in the Act effecting that alteration have, in accordance with any law in that behalf, been submitted to a referendum in which all persons who are registered as electors for the purposes of a general election shall be entitled to vote and unless those provisions have been supported by the votes of not less than two-third of all the persons entitled to vote in the referendum. Also, if the Speaker receives a petition calling for the removal of an elected member of the Maneaba ni Maungatabu signed by a majority of the persons who were registered as electors, at the time of the last election of that member, in the electoral district from which that member was last elected, he shall send the petition forthwith to the Electoral Commission. The Electoral Commission shall, as soon as practicable after receipt of a petition under the preceding subsection, conduct a referendum to determine whether the member named in the petition should vacate his seat in the Maneaba.
Source:
Constitution of Kiribati, Art 59 and Art 69 (3): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kiribati_2013
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) https://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/direct-democracy-international-idea-handbook?lang=en
|
2024/11/26
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The President may submit important policies relating to diplomacy, national defense, unification and other matters relating to the national destiny to a national referendum if he deems it necessary.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Korea, Article 72, 89, 130: https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?lang=ENG&hseq=1
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Kuwait
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.pm.gov.kw/en/state_Of_Kuwait/kuwaitConstitution.jsp (2013)
|
2013/01/30
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Amendments and modifications to the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, laws of the Kyrgyz Republic
and other important issues of state importance may be submitted to the referendum.
Source:
Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic (2021), art. 116: https://constsot.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/constitution-of-the-kyrgyz-republic.pdf
Constitutional Law on Referendum in Kyrgyz Republic 2016(amended in 2019), art. 7: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/d2/KYRG_Const%20Law%20on%20Referendum.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Constitution/view
|
2021/02/28
|
|
Latvia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Law: Article 1: A national referendum shall be held if:
1) the Saeima has amended the first, second, third, fourth, sixth or seventy-seventh Article of the Constitution (Satversme);
2) the President of Latvia has proposed the dissolution of the Saeima;
3) the President of Latvia has suspended the proclamation of a law for two months, and during this period a petition by not fewer than one-tenth of the electorate has been received to put the suspended law to a national referendum;
4) the Saeima has not adopted without change as to its content a draft law or a draft amendment to the Constitution submitted by not less than one-tenth of the electorate;
5) membership of Latvia in the European Union must be decided;
6) substantial changes in the terms regarding the membership of Latvia in the European Union must be decided, and at least one-half of the members of the Saeima have requested a national referendum on this matter.
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia as amended on 8 April 2009, art. 48, 50, 68, 72, 74, 77-80: http://legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/4777/file/Latvia_Constitution_am2009_en.pdf (2014);
Law: Law on National Referendum and Initiation of Legislation as amended till 26 February 2009, art. 1-2.
|
2014/10/09
|
|
Lebanon
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%20Constitution.pdf
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008)
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Liberia
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
The 1986 Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, Art. 91, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
The draft constitution shall be approved by the National General Congress and be submitted to a yes-or-no referendum within thirty days following its adoption by Congress. If the Libyan people approve the constitution by a two-thirds-majority of voters, the committee shall certify the text as the constitution of the country and it shall be promulgated by Congress.
Source:
The Constitutional Declaration, Art. 30. (National Transitional Council of Libya): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Libya_2011
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein [2014], Articles 66, 66bis, 112, and 113.
https://www.llv.li/files/rdr/Verfassung-E-01-02-2014.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Lithuania
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Article 4:
1.Referendums shall be mandatory with regard to the following issues:
(1) on the amendment to the provision of Article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania that, “the State of Lithuania shall be an independent and democratic republic;”
(2) on the amendment to the provisions of Chapter I of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, “the State of Lithuania;”
(3) on the amendment to the provisions of Chapter XIV of the Republic of Lithuania Constitution, “Amending the Constitution;”
(4) on the amendment to the Constitutional Act, dated June 8, 1992, “On Non-Alignment of the Republic of Lithuania to Post-Soviet Eastern Alliances;”
(5) regarding participation by the Republic of Lithuania in international organisations, should this participation be linked with the partial transfer of the scope of competence of Government bodies to the institutions of international organisations or the jurisdiction thereof.
2. Mandatory referendums may be held also with regard to other laws or provisions thereof, which 300 thousand citizens having the right to vote or the Seimas shall submit a proposal for to be decided by means of a referendum.
Article 5:
Consultative (deliberative) referendums may be held with respect to other issues of utmost importance to the State and the People, regarding which it is not necessary to hold a mandatory referendum, they are being proposed for a referendum by 300 thousand citizens having the right to vote or the Seimas.
Source:
Republic of Lithuania, Law on Referendum (4 June 2002, As last amended on 6 May 2014 — No XII-860), art. 4-5
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/7b65c002233a11e6acbed8d454428fb7?jfwid=nz8qn8fey
|
2020/06/05
|
|
Luxembourg
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Law on Referendum on a national level; https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2005/02/04/n1/jo
Constitution, Art. 114: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Luxembourg_2009
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Constitution, Article 120: A proposal for association in a union or community with other states or for dissociation from a union or community with other states may be submitted by the President of the Republic, the Government or by at least 40 Representatives. The proposal for association in or dissociation from a union or community with other states is accepted by the Assembly by a two-thirds majority vote of the total number of Representatives. The decision of association in or dissociation from a union or community is adopted if it is upheld in a referendum by the majority of the total number of voters in the Republic.
Law on Referendum:
Article 24
Referendum at state level may also be scheduled in case of a need of ratification of international
agreements and other issues within the competence of the Assembly (previous referendum) and
decisions adopted by the Assembly or for the purpose of citizens stating their opinion regarding
other issues the Assembly has already decided upon (additional referendum).
Article 3
(1) Citizens’ initiative shall be a form of direct vote of the citizens when deciding by raising initiatives
with the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia, the councils of the municipalities, the City of
Skopje and the municipalities in the city of Skopje.
(2) Citizens’ initiative may be started for submitting a proposal on amending the Constitution of the
Republic of Macedonia (hereinafter: the Constitution), proposal on adopting law and initiation of a
referendum at state level (hereinafter: citizen’s initiative at state level).
(3) Citizens’ initiative may be started even for adopting particular regulation of the municipalities,
the City of Skopje and the municipalities of the city of Skopje for settling particular issues within the
competence of the councils of the municipalities, the City of Skopje and the municipalities of the city
of Skopje and for scheduling a referendum at local level (hereinafter: citizens’ initiative at local
level)
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia, art. 120:
https://www.sobranie.mk/the-constitution-of-the-republic-of-macedonia-ns_article-constitution-of-the-republic-of-north-macedonia.nspx
Law on Referendum and other forms of direct vote of citizens, art. 3 and 24:
https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a9/NMAC_on%20referendum.pdf
http://aceproject.org/regions-en/countries-and-territories/MK/links/law-on-referendum-and-civil-initiative
(2016)
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Madagascar
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 5, 55 (5), 137 (5), 162 (3): http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/constitution.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/12
|
|
Malawi
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/12
|
|
Malaysia
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Maldives
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution 2008, art. 70 (b-6), 115 (p), 262, 264: http://www.majlis.gov.mv/en/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-english.pdf (2018)
|
2019/02/15
|
|
Mali
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/23
|
|
Malta
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
On the 8th of March, 2003, the electorate was asked to decide by means of a referendum on the proposal that Malta becomes a member of the EU on its enlargement due on 1st May, 2004. The outcome was that Malta should become an EU member state. Prior to this, the last-held national referendum had taken place 39 years before. This concerned the confirmation of the Independence Constitution. Another national referendum was held on Saturday 28th May, 2011. The question was to establish whether the electorate agreed on the introduction of divorce. The outcome was 53.2% YES and 46.8% NO.
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm (2012);
The Referenda Act (Cap.237), Art. 3: http://www.maltadata.com/ref-act.htm (2012);
Constitution, Art. 66 (3): http://www.parlament.mt/constituion-of-malta?l=1 (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
All referenda concern matters relating to Constitutional change or the holding of a Constitutional Convention to consider a change.
Source:
Constitution, art. XII (3-4). https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Marshall_Islands_1995
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Mauritania
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law n° 2012-015, art. 38, 78 (2), 99, 100, 101:(2012)
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Mauritius
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mexico
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The Referendum Law states that issues that can be consulted are those of national importance that have an impact on a large share of the population.
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 35 (VIII): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Referendum Law: "Ley Federal de Consulta Popular", arts. 5–6: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfcpo-2024/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
An amendment to this Constitution may be proposed by a constitutional convention, popular initiative, or Congress in a manner provided by law.
Source:
Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Art. 1, Section 3; Art. 14: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/constitution/constitution.htm
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
For instance, Norway has held a referendum on the issue of EU membership twice, first in 1972 and then again in 1994.
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm (2012);
Official Website of Norway Mission to the EU: http://www.eu-norway.org/eu/norway_and_the_eu/ (2012)
|
2021/03/30
|
|
Monaco
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution
|
2012/04/27
|
|
Mongolia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 25 (1.16), 66, 68: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mongolia_2001?lang=en (2017)
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Montenegro
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Art. 2: The Referendum shall be called for the purpose of a prior pronouncement of citizens on specific issues lying within the competence of the Assembly. The Parliament has competence on both constitutional and other issues, thus, the referendum might be called upon them.
Source:
Law: Law on Referendum as of 19 February 2001, Art. 2(1).
https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL(2005)076-e
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro, SU-SK Ref. no. 01-514/12, 19 October 2007, Art. 82, 93
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Montenegro_2013?lang=en
|
2021/12/25
|
|
Morocco
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Morocco's Constitution of 2011, Articles 172,174: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Mozambique
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 73, 136, 159 (c), 179 (2-f), 292 (2): http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/Legisla/constituicao_republica/constituicao.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/15
|
|
Namibia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/12
|
|
Nauru
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 84.
|
2019/07/11
|
|
Nepal
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution of Nepal 2015, Article 275 :
http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2016/01/constitution-of-nepal-2.pdf
Article
|
2018/04/06
|
|
Netherlands
|
e. Not applicable
|
While the Advisory Referendum Act was in place, only issues other than constitutional changes were voted upon.
Source:
Wet raadgevend referendum: https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0036443/2015-07-01
|
2022/08/02
|
|
New Zealand
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Elections New Zealand Official Website: http://www.elections.org.nz/voting-system/referenda (2017);
Electoral Referendum Act 1993: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0086/latest/DLM307166.html?search=ts_act_electoral_resel (2017);
Electoral Referendum Act 2010: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2010/0139/latest/whole.html?search=ts_act_electoral+referendum+act+2010_resel&p=1 (2017);
Citizens Initiated Referenda Act 1993: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0101/latest/DLM317193.html?search=ts_act_citizens_resel (2017);
|
2024/09/04
|
|
Nicaragua
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Ordinary or constitutional laws and amendments.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 2:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/constitucion/constitucion-politica-de-nicaragua-con-reformas-a/ (2016).
Electoral Law No. 331: “Ley Electoral No. 331 (enmendada por la ley No. 790 del 23/05/2012)”, art. 133-134:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/leyes-electorales/nicaragua-ley-no.-331-ley-electoral-2012/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Niger
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution of 25 November 2010 with its amendments, art. 60 (1), 174: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Niger_2010.pdf (2016);
Ordinance No. 2010-96 of 28 December 2010 establishing the Electoral Code, art. 129: http://www.electionpassport.com/files/Niger-Electoral-Code-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Nigeria
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
Creation of new states or local government areas.
Source:
Constitution 1999 (as amended), art. 8: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013)
|
2015/03/30
|
|
Niue
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 35.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The ballot may include questions concerning proposed Commonwealth constitutional amendments or proposed initiative or referendum issues.
Source:
https://cnmilaw.org/pdf/public_laws/12/pl12-18.pdf
Election law 6208 (e)
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Norway
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
For instance, Norway has held a referendum on the issue of EU membership twice, first in 1972 and then again in 1994.
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm (2012);
Official Website of Norway Mission to the EU: http://www.eu-norway.org/eu/norway_and_the_eu/ (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Oman
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Basic Statute of the State, as amended by Royal Decree No. 99/2011: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Oman_2011.pdf?lang=en
|
2025/05/12
|
|
Pakistan
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
If at any time the Prime Minister considers it necessary to hold a referendum on any matter of national importance, he may refer the matter to a joint sitting of the Parliament.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 48 (6)
https://na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1333523681_951.pdf
|
2024/02/07
|
|
Palau
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
"Major governmental powers including but not limited to defense, security, or foreign affairs may be delegated by treaty, compact, or other agreement between the sovereign Republic of Palau and another sovereign nation or international organization, provided such treaty, compact or agreement shall be approved by not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the members of each house of the Olbiil Era Kelulau and by a majority of the votes cast in a nationwide referendum conducted for such purpose, provided, that any such agreement which authorizes use, testing, storage or disposal of nuclear, toxic chemical, gas or biological weapons intended for use in warfare shall require approval of not less than three-fourths (3/4) of the votes cast in such referendum."
"The President or Vice President may be removed from office by a recall. A recall is initiated by a resolution adopted by not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the members of the state legislatures in not less than three-fourths (3/4) of the states. Upon receipt by the presiding officers of the Olbiil Era Kelulau of the required number of certified resolutions, the Olbiil Era Kelulau shall establish a special election board to supervise a nationwide recall referendum to be held not less than thirty (30) days nor more than sixty (60) days, after receipt of the required number of certified resolutions."
"The people may recall a member of the Olbiil Era Kelulau from office. A recall is initiated by a petition which shall name the member sought to be recalled, state the grounds for recall, and be signed by not less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the number of persons who voted in the most recent election for that member of the Olbiil Era Kelulau. A special recall election shall be held not later than sixty (60) calendar days after the filing of the recall petition. A member of the Olbiil Era Kelulau shall be removed from office only with the approval of a majority of the persons voting in the election, and such vacancy shall be filled by a special election to be held in accordance with law. A recall may be sought against an individual member of the Olbiil Era Kelulau no more than once per term. No recall shall be permitted against a member who is serving the first year of his first term in the Olbiil Era Kelulau."
"Citizens may enact or repeal national laws, except appropriations, by initiative. An initiative petition shall contain the text of the proposed law or of the law sought to be repealed and be signed by not less than ten percent (10%) of the registered voters. An initiative petition shall take effect if approved at the next general election by a majority of the persons voting on the initiative. A law enacted by initiative or a repeal of a law by initiative may not be vetoed by the President. A law enacted or repealed by initiative may be subsequently amended, repealed or reenacted only by another initiative pursuant to the provisions of this section."
"Harmful substances such as nuclear, chemical, gas or biological weapons intended for use in warfare, nuclear power plants, and waste materials therefrom, shall not be used, tested, stored, or disposed of within the territorial jurisdiction of Palau without the express approval of not less than three-fourths (3/4) of the votes cast in a referendum submitted on this specific question."
"The national government shall have exclusive power to regulate importation of firearms and ammunition. No persons except armed forces personnel lawfully in Palau and law enforcement officers acting in an official capacity shall have the right to possess firearms or ammunition unless authorized by legislation which is approved in a nationwide referendum by a majority of the votes cast on the issue."
"An amendment to this Constitution may be proposed by a Constitutional Convention, popular initiative, or by the Olbiil Era Kelulau, as provided herein: at least once every fifteen (15) years, the Olbiil Era Kelulau may submit to the voters the question: “Shall there be a Convention to revise or amend the Constitution?”. If a majority of the votes cast upon the question is in the affirmative, a Constitution Convention shall be convened within six (6) months thereafter, in a manner prescribed by law..."
"A proposed amendment to this Constitution shall become effective when approved in the next regular general election by a majority of the votes cast on that amendment and in not less than three-fourths (3/4) of the states."
"Any amendment to this Constitution proposed for the purpose of avoiding inconsistency with the Compact of Free Association shall require approval by a majority of the votes cast on that amendment and in not less than three-fourths (3/4) of the states. Such amendment shall remain in effect only as long as the inconsistency continues."
") To avoid inconsistencies found prior to this amendment by the Supreme Court of Palau to exist between section 324 of the Compact of Free Association and its subsidiary agreements with the United States of America and other sections of the Constitution of the Republic of Palau, Article XIII, section 6 of the Constitution and the final phrase of Article II, section 3, reading “provided, that any such agreement which authorizes use, testing, storage or disposal of nuclear, toxic chemical, gas or biological weapons intended for use in warfare shall require approval of not less than three fourth (3/4) of the votes cast in such referendum,” shall not apply to votes to approve the Compact of Free Association and its subsidiary agreements (as previously agreed to and signed by the parties or as they may hereafter be amended, so long as such amendments are not themselves inconsistent with the Constitution) or during the terms of such compact and agreements."
Source:
Constitution, Art. II (3), VIII (10), IX (17), XIII (3, 6 & 12), XIV (1 & 2), XV (11), First Amendment (14).
|
2016/11/09
|
|
Palestine
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Palestinian Basic Law: http://www.osservatorioiraq.it/sites/default/files/Palestinian%20Basic%20Law%20with%20Amendements%20-%20english.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/09
|
|
Panama
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
-Constitutional reforms. -Panama Canal-related treaties and agreements.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”, art. 313 (2), 325: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral”, art. 485, 487: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-codigo-electoral-2023/
|
2024/12/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea: http://www.igr.gov.pg/constitution.pdf (2012)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Código Electoral Paraguayo (Ley 834/96), art. 259-275:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/paraguay-codigo-electoral-2014/ (2014)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
Peru
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The referendum takes place on constitutional reforms (partially or totally); on approbation of laws, regional rules of general issues and municipal decrees; and, on disapproval of laws, legislative and urgency decrees.
Source:
Constitution as amended by Law N° 29402 of 2011, art. 2 (17), 31, 32, 190, 206:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/constitucion/peru-constitucion-politica-2011/ (2016);
Law Nº 26300 on Political participation and control rights of the citizens, art. 39:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-de-los-derechos-de-participacion-y/ (2016)
|
2016/02/24
|
|
Philippines
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 32; Art. XVI, Sec. 2; Art. XVII, Sec. 2, 3, 4; Art. XVII, Sec. 25: http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/ (2016)
|
2016/05/12
|
|
Poland
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Granting of consent for ratification of such agreement may also be passed by a nationwide referendum in accordance with the provisions of Article 125.
Art. 125 (1): A nationwide referendum may be held in respect of matters of particular importance to the State.
Art. 235 (6): If a bill to amend the Constitution relates to the provisions of Chapters I, II or XII, the subjects specified in para. 1 above may require, within 45 days of the adoption of the bill by the Senate, the holding of a confirmatory referendum. Such subjects shall make application in the matter to the Marshal of the Sejm, who shall order the holding of a referendum within 60 days of the day of receipt of the application. The amendment to the Constitution shall be deemed accepted if the majority of those voting express support for such amendment.
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2nd April, 1997, as amended in 2009, article 90(3), 125 and 235(6): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Poland_2009
The Act of 14th March 2003 on nation-wide referendum: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/PL/poland-the-act-of-14th-march-2003-on-nation-wide.
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
Article 115(4):
The following are excluded from the scope of referenda:
a) Amendments to the Constitution;
b) Questions and acts with a budgetary, tax-related or financial content;
c) The matters provided for in Article 161 of the Constitution, without prejudice to the provisions of the following paragraph;
d) The matters provided for in Article 164 of the Constitution, except for the provisions of subparagraph (i)
Source:
Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Seventh Revision [2005], Articles 115(4):
https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/Constitution7th.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico”, art. VII (s. 1, 2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-constitucion-1970/ ;
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”, art. 11.001–11.010: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Qatar
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The Emir shall seek public opinion on important issues pertaining to the interests of the State in a referendum. The subject of such referendum shall be deemed acceptable if acknowledged by the majority of voters; and the results of the referendum shall be binding and effective from the date of its announcement. The results shall be published in the official Gazette.
Source:
Constitution, art. 75: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Romania
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Romania, amended in 2003, art. 90, 150-152.
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Romania_2003?lang=en
|
2020/08/24
|
|
Russian Federation
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Article 92: The Acting President of the Russian Federation shall not have the right to dissolve the State Duma, call a referendum or to submit proposals for amendments to and the revision of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Article 6: At elections or a referendum a citizen of the Russian Federation shall vote directly at elections or a referendum for or against a candidate (a list of candidates) respectively, for or against a referendum question.
Source:
Constitution of the Russian Federation, article 92: http://archive.government.ru/eng/gov/base/54.html
Federal Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum (amended 2003), article 6: https://legislationline.org/taxonomy/term/12320
|
2024/03/29
|
|
Rwanda
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution (2015), Art. 107: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-constitution-versions-francaise-et-anglaise/
|
2018/11/02
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The main issue being Nevis independence.
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2020/04/26
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/26
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Electoral Law
|
2021/12/27
|
|
Samoa
|
d. No information available
|
|
2021/04/10
|
|
San Marino
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Law n.101 of 28 November 1994 "New Rules for referendum and people's legislative initiative": http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21630leggi_5165.pdf (2012);
Constitution, Art. 3 bis, 17, (Available on the Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm)
|
2012/05/28
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
d. No information available
|
The referendum can only deal with issues of national interest that should be decided by the National Assembly or the Government through the adoption of international convention or legislative act. Constitutional amendments, as well as issues and acts of budgetary, financial or fiscal content are outside the scope of referendum.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 123(2): http://www.gov.st/data/filestorage/docs/constistp.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Senegal
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution 2012, art. 27, 51, 103: http://www.assemblee-nationale.sn/images/stories/PDF/constitution_du_senegal.pdf (2013)
English: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2009?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/22
|
|
Serbia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Article 108
Upon the request of the majority of all deputies or at least 100,000 voters, the National Assembly shall call the referendum on issues falling within its competence, in accordance with the Constitution and Law.
Artilce 203:
The National Assembly shall adopt an act on amending the Constitution by a two-third majority of the total number of deputies and may decide to have it endorsed in the republic referendum by the citizens.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, art. 108, 203.
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Serbia_2006#s460
|
2017/03/15
|
|
Seychelles
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011). Art. 91 & 164
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
Elections Act Chapter 68A (1996). Part IV section 56
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-electoral-act-1996/view
|
2025/03/03
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
d. No information available
|
Source:
Constitution (2008), art. 37 & 108: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-constitution-2008/
|
2017/01/16
|
|
Singapore
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, Art. 5, 6, 8: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Singapore_2010?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Slovakia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Yes, but it is limited in the following way:
“Basic rights and freedoms, taxes, levies and the state budget may not be the subject of a referendum.” - Constitution of the Slovak Republic, Article 93
Source:
The Constitution of the Slovak Republic, Article 93: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SK/constitution-of-the-slovak-republic-as-amended-to/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Slovenia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The National Assembly shall call a referendum on the entry into force of a law that it has adopted if so required by at least forty thousand voters.
A referendum may not be called:
-on laws on urgent measures to ensure the defense of the state, security, or the elimination of the consequences of natural disasters;
-on laws on taxes, customs duties, and other compulsory charges, and on the law adopted for the implementation of the state budget;
-on laws on the ratification of treaties;
-on laws eliminating an unconstitutionality in the field of human rights and fundamental freedoms or any other unconstitutionality.
Source:
Constitution Article 90 https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Slovenia_2013?lang=en
|
2017/03/30
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
e. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution of 1978,amended 2014: https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_Islands_2014.pdf?lang=en.(2019)
|
2019/03/01
|
|
Somalia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Transitional Constitution of 2012, Art. 132 (10), 136 (2), 137, 141:http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
|
2016/11/25
|
|
South Africa
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2014/05/01
|
|
South Sudan
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Pursuant to Schedule A(30) herein, the President, or the National Legislature, through a resolution passed by more than half of all its members, may refer for a referendum any matter of public interest.
Source:
Transitional Constitution 2011, art. 193 (1): http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e269a3e2.html%C2%A0 (2012)
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Spain
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Española”, art. 87, 151, 167, 168:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-constitucion-espanola-2011-2016/
|
2025/04/24
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 83, 85, 86: http://www.parliament.lk/constitution/constitution.jsp (2012);
The Referendum Act of 1981: http://www.commonlii.org/lk/legis/num_act/ra7o1981166/index.html (2012)
|
2016/02/15
|
|
Sudan
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
The Interim National Constitution of 2005, art. 183 (3), 217 (3), 219, 220, 221: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ba749762.html (2012)
|
2012/09/04
|
|
Suriname
|
d. No information available
|
The only referendum in Suriname was held in 1987 for the approval of its Constitution.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 186: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Suriname/english.html (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Swaziland
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/12
|
|
Sweden
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
The Instrument of the Government Ch. 8, Section 4, 15, 16: Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Start/Bestall/Sprakversioner/English---engelska1/Sveriges-grundlagar-och-riksdagsordningen1/ (2012);
Act on National Referenda (SFS 1979:369): http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/06/97/09/436f8d27.pdf (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 140, 141, 142: https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/201506140000/101.pdf (2015)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2014/06/03
|
|
Taiwan
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Article 17, 123, 133, 136 and 174, Constitution
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Taiwan_2005.pdf
|
2020/04/13
|
|
Tajikistan
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Referendum in the Republic of Tajikistan is a national voting on the more important issues of state and public life.
The Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan is subject to amendments exclusively via referendum.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, art. 98, 99.
Constitutional Law of the Republic of Tajikistan on Referendum in the Republic of Tajikistan, art. 1, 2.
|
2016/06/15
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
The Constitutional Review Act No. 8 of 2011 as amended by the Act No. 2 of 2012, art. 31: http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/8Eng-2011.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/13
|
|
Thailand
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, Art. 166: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Thailand_2017
|
2023/10/11
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, articles 66, 85 (f), 95 (3-k), 115 (2-d), 156 (2): https://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf
|
2024/11/14
|
|
Togo
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 4, 144: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,TGO,456d621e2,48ef43c72,0.html (2013)
|
2013/01/10
|
|
Tonga
|
e. Not applicable
|
There are no provisions on referenda in the electoral law or in the constitution.
Source:
Constitution of Tonga: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/Tonga%20Act%20of%20Constitution%201988.pdf/view (2021)
|
2021/09/15
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
e. Not applicable
|
There are no legal provisions in this regard.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-rop-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Tunisia
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
The President of the Republic may, in exceptional circumstances, within the deadlines for return of a draft law, submit for a referendum draft laws related to the ratification of treaties, to freedoms and human rights, or personal status, which were adopted by the Assembly of the Representatives of the People.
The Constitution shall be amended upon the approval of two-thirds of the members of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People. After an amendment by two-thirds of the members of the Assembly has been approved, the President may submit the amendment to referendum in which case it will be adopted if it receives an absolute majority of votes cast.
Source:
The Constitution of 26 January 2014, art. 82, 144: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-constitution-of-26-january-2014/view (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 79 (6)
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook, 2008: http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2015/06/01
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution of Turkmenistan (2008), art. 94, 95, 97, 98, 117, 57 (2), 61 (1), 63 (5): http://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/constitutions/country/51 (2013);
Law on Referendum of Turkmenistan (1993), art. 4 & 5
|
2013/03/06
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
e. Not applicable
|
There is no reference to direct democracy instruments in the law.
Source:
Constitution: “The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-constitution-2014/ ;
Final Report of the Electoral Observation Mission conducted by the British Islands and Mediterranean Region (BIMR) of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA UK) between 8th and 18th December 2016: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-cpa-uk-bimr-eom-final-report-2016/
|
2020/10/08
|
|
Tuvalu
|
e. Not applicable
|
There are no provisions for referenda in the Constitution.
Source:
Constitution.
|
2012/06/20
|
|
Uganda
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 68, 69, 74, 255, 260: http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf
|
2026/03/18
|
|
Ukraine
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
A referendum shall not be permitted with regard to draft laws on taxation, budgetary or amnesty issues.
Source:
Constitution, (last amended in 2016) art. 72, 73, 74, 156:
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80
|
2019/03/12
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
e. Not applicable
|
There are no provisions for referenda.
Source:
Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Arab_Emirates_2009?lang=en
|
2019/09/25
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008)
http://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook.pdf
Political Parties Elections and Referendums Act 2000
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/41/contents
|
2025/06/30
|
|
United States of America
|
e. Not applicable
|
The U.S. Constitution and subsequent national-level legislation do not allow for national referendums.
Source:
U.S. Constitution:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/US/united-states-of-america-constitution-1992/view
|
2024/10/15
|
|
Uruguay
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, art. 79 (2), 304, 305, 331, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Article 9: Major matters of public and state life shall be submitted for a nation-wide discussion and put to a direct vote of the people (a referendum).
Article 154: The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be amended by constitutional law adopted by a majority, not less than two thirds of the total number accordingly of deputies of the Legislative Chamber and members of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, or by referendum of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Articles 9, 154: https://constitution.uz/en/clause/index
|
2024/08/26
|
|
Vanuatu
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 86: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
|
2016/01/27
|
|
Venezuela
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela”, arts. 16 (2), 71, 72, 73, 74, 197, 204 (5, 7), 205, 218, 341 (3, 4), 344: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-constitucion-reforma-2009/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
Viet Nam
|
b. Only other issues than constitutional changes
|
The National Assembly alone shall have the right to amend the Constitution. An amendment to the Constitution must be approved by at least two-thirds of its total membership.
Source:
Constitution of 1992 as amended, art. 147:
http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=10450 (2016)
|
2021/03/25
|
|
Virgin Islands, British
|
d. No information available
|
|
2019/03/05
|
|
Virgin Islands, U.S.
|
d. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Western Sahara
|
d. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Yemen
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 101 (a), 158: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/category,LEGAL,,,YEM,3fc4c1e94,0.html (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
Zambia
|
a. Constitutional changes only
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Referendum Act (Chapter 14).
http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Referendum%20Act.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Zanzibar
|
c. Both constitutional and other issues
|
Source:
Referendum Act No. 6 of 2010, art. 3 (1)
http://www.zec.go.tz/en/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Referendum-Act-No6-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/04/05
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
d. No information available
|
|
2023/09/25
|
