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If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 2, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved:
Afghanistan The remaining one third of the members shall be appointed by the President, for a
five year term, from amongst experts and experienced personalities, including two
members from amongst the impaired and handicapped, as well as two from
nomads. The President shall appoint fifty percent of these individuals from amongst women.
Albania Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Armenia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Angola Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Unicameral Legislature
Argentina 50% of the lists must be made up of women.
American Samoa Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable na
Austria Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Bosnia and Herzegovina Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%) 33.3
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Barbados Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%) 33
Not applicable
Bangladesh Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Belgium The Senate consists of 71 members: 25 are elected by the Dutch community, 10 are elected by the French community, 10 are appointed by the parliament of the French community, 10 are appointed by the parliament of the Dutch community, 1 is appointed by the parliament of the German community, 6 are appointed by the Dutch Senators and 4 are appointed by the French Senators.
The King's children or the descendants of the royal family called to reign, are senators by right at the age of eighteen. They have voting rights at the age of twenty-one.
Burkina Faso Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Bulgaria Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Bahrain Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable x
Burundi Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Benin Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable oui
Bolivia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Not applicable
Bahamas Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Botswana Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%) 80
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Belarus Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Belize Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%) X
Not applicable
Canada Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Côte d'Ivoire Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Sans objet
Chile Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Cameroon Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%) 10 par region.
Not applicable
Colombia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%) 2%
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Costa Rica Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Cuba Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Cape Verde The national legislature only consists of one chamber.
Czech Republic Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Germany Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Djibouti Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Denmark Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable x
Dominica Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Dominican Republic Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Algeria Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Ecuador Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Not applicable
Egypt Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (10%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%) X (50%)
Not applicable
Eritrea Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable x
Ethiopia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Finland Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable N/A
Fiji Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%) 100%
Not applicable
French Guiana Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Ghana Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Not Applicable
Gambia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable YES
Guinea Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Guatemala Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Guyana Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Honduras Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Croatia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Ireland Three members shall be elected by the National University of Ireland.
Three shall be elected by the University of Dublin.
Forty-three shall be elected from panels of candidates representing specified vocational interests. Eleven members are nominated by the Taoiseach (Prime Minister).
India Twelve members are nominated by the President from amongst persons having special knowledge or practical experience in literature, science, art and social service.
Iceland Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Italy In the Senate, 12 (out of 315) seats are reserved for the Abroad Constituencies. Extra seats are reserved for the Senators appointed for life.
Jamaica Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Jordan Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Japan Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Kenya 16 women shall be nominated by political parties in accordance with their proportion of members in the chamber, 2 youths; 1 male, 1 female, 2 persons with disabilities; 1 male, 1 female and the speaker who is an ex officio member
Cambodia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Saint Kitts and Nevis Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Korea, Republic of Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Kazakhstan Two individuals from each region, city of republic significance, and the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Lebanon Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Saint Lucia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Latvia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Morocco Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Moldova, Republic of Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Madagascar Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Marshall Islands Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable na
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Mali Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable il n'existe pas de chambre 2
Mongolia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Mauritius Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Maldives Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Malawi Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Mexico Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Malaysia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%) x
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%) 100
Not applicable
Mozambique Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Not Applicable
Namibia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
New Caledonia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Niger Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable see ES12
Nigeria Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Nicaragua Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Norway Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Nepal Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%) 5%
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Niue Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable NA
Panama Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Peru Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Not applicable.
French Polynesia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Papua New Guinea Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable x
Philippines Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Poland Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Puerto Rico Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Palestine Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Paraguay Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Not applicable
Romania Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Rwanda Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Solomon Islands Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Sudan Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Slovenia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%) X
Not applicable
Slovakia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Sierra Leone Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Senegal Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Somalia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Sao Tome and Principe Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
El Salvador Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Swaziland Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable n/a
Chad Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Togo Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable *
Thailand Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Timor-Leste Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Tunisia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Tonga Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Not Applicable
Turkey Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Tuvalu Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Taiwan Not applicable. The national legislature consists of one chamber only.
Tanzania, United Republic of Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable x
Ukraine Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Uganda Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Uruguay Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable
Venezuela Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Na
Wallis and Futuna Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Samoa Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable x
Yemen Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
South Africa Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable Unicameral Legislature
Zambia Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Zimbabwe Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable X
Zanzibar Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Women - proportion of total seats (%)
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%)
Other - proportion of total seats (%)
Not applicable NA
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