|
total countries/territories: 228
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Afghanistan
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
an eligible voter shall:
- Citizenship of Afghanistan (by origin or obtained);
- Registration on the electoral role;
- Age: 18 years or over on election day.
Disqualification: persons deprived of any political and civil rights by an authoritative court
Source:
Afghan Election Law, art. 13: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/afghanistan-election-law-2014-english/view (2014);
Afghan Regulation on Polling, art. 1: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/afghanistan-regulation-on-polling-2013-english/view (2014).
http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2381_B.htm
|
2019/09/24
|
|
Albania
|
a. Citizenship
|
The Electoral Code: 3: 3. Every Albanian citizen, who has reached the age of 18, including on Election Day, without distinction according to race, ethnicity, gender, language, political conviction, religious belief, physical ability or economic condition, has the right to vote and to be elected in accordance with the rules provided in this Code.
Source:
The Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania, dated 2 April 2015, art. 3.
|
2017/05/17
|
|
Algeria
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
All Algerian nationals who are at least 18 years old and fully enjoy their civil and political rights are eligible to vote.
Source:
Constitution, art. 50: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Algeria_2008?lang=en (2017);
Electoral law (Loi organique n° 12-01 du 18 Safar 1433 correspondant au 12 janvier 2012 relative au régime électoral), art. 3: https://www.joradp.dz/trv/fcons.pdf (2017)
|
2019/09/25
|
|
American Samoa
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Electors must be a United States National, be 18 years of age or older on the day of the election and have lived in Samoa for a period of two years to be eligible to vote.
Source:
Constitution of American Samoa: art. 2:7
|
2017/08/18
|
|
Andorra
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Voters must be citizens, long-term residents with no citizenship are not permitted to vote in any election. However, there is a movement requesting permission for long-term residents to vote in local elections.
Source:
Electoral law: 28/2007 - "Llei qualificada del règim electoral i del referèndum", art. 2: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-electoral-law-2007/
|
2023/06/09
|
|
Angola
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
143 (1) Members shall be elected by universal, free, equal, direct, secret and periodic suffrage by national citizens aged over eighteen who are resident in national territory, including Angolan citizens resident abroad for the purposes of work, study, illness or similar reasons.
Source:
Constitution of 3 February 2010, art. 143 (1): http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7B9555c635-8d7c-4ea1-b7f9-0cd33d08ea40%7D.pdf (2017);
Electoral Law n.º 36/11 of 21 December 2011 regulating General Elections, art. 8: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7Bc46fa0b3-c947-4440-ae92-5f1a3a275d8a%7D.pdf (2017)
|
2017/09/28
|
|
Anguilla
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
d. Naturalization
|
a) Is a British Dependent Territories citizen born in Anguilla, and is domiciled there at
the qualifying date; or
b) Is (i) a person who belongs to Anguilla who has resided in Anguilla for a period of
not less than twelve months immediately before the qualifying date, and is domiciled
there at that date, and is the lawful spouse, widow or widower, or the son or daughter or the spouse of such son or daughter of a person who was born in Anguilla; or
(ii) is a person who belongs to Anguilla who is domiciled in Anguilla and has resided
there for a period of at least five years immediately before the qualifying date.
Source:
Constitution: art. 43.
|
2015/02/24
|
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Every Commonwealth citizen of the age of eighteen years or upwards who possesses such qualifications relating to residence or domicile in Antigua and Barbuda as parliament may prescribe shall, unless he is disqualified by any law from registration as a voter for the purpose of electing a member of the House, be entitled to be registered as such a voter in accordance with the provisions of any law in that behalf and no other person may be registered.
Source:
Constitution: art. 40:2-3
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20-%20Constitution/view
|
2014/06/05
|
|
Argentina
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
e. Other
|
Source:
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral Nacional — Ley 19945”, art. 1: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-19945-codigo-electoral-nacional-2019/ (2019)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Armenia
|
a. Citizenship
|
Citizens of the Republic of Armenia, having attained the age of eighteen as of the day of voting, shall have the right to vote in the Republic of Armenia. Persons not holding the citizenship of the Republic of Armenia shall have the right to vote at local self-government elections in case of being, prior to the voting day, registered for at least six months in the population register of the community where elections are held.
Citizens who are not registered in the Republic of Armenia, may not participate in the voting at elections of local self-government bodies and elections to the National Assembly under the majoritarian electoral system.
Citizens not registered in the Republic of Armenia shall participate in the voting at national elections in case of being included in a supplementary list of electors as prescribed by the Electoral Code of Armenia.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Armenia (2005), art. 30: http://res.elections.am/images/doc/consist_eng.pdf (2013);
Electoral Code of 26 May 2011, art. 2 (1, 4, 5): http://res.elections.am/images/doc/_ecode.pdf (2013).
|
2015/12/01
|
|
Aruba
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
b) 30 days before registration of candidates.
Source:
Mr. Hubert Maduro, President, Electoral Council of Aruba;
Elections Act: art. 3.
|
2017/07/07
|
|
Australia
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
(a)Any Australian Citizen and any person who was a British subject on a Commonwealth electoral roll as at 25 January 1984. (British subjects not on the roll as at that date are not eligible to enroll even if they were resident in Australia at that time)
(b)Residence in a division for at least one month.
There are special enrollment provisions for people who are itinerants, Australian resident oversees, Australians living in Antarctica.
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (amended in 2019) Section 93 (1) (a) & 99: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103/f85985f8-e256-4e11-ad31-884ed7f92224
|
2024/09/09
|
|
Austria
|
a. Citizenship
|
Those eligible to vote are above the age of 16 (depending on type of election) and those who have not been excluded by any court mandate.
Source:
Constitution: Art. 26.
|
2012/05/29
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
(...) every citizen of the Republic of Azerbaijan, who has attained the age of 18 by or on the day of Parliamentary, Presidential or Municipal elections or the day of a referendum, shall enjoy active suffrage, i.e. have the right to vote in an election, to vote in a referendum, to observe elections (referendums), to participate in a pre-election (pre-referendum) campaign, and to participate in carrying out activities as provided for in this Code regarding election operations and preparation for a referendum.
Stateless persons meeting the requirement indicated in Article 12.1 of this Code and permanently residing in the Republic
of Azerbaijan for no less than 5 years shall have the right to vote during Presidential, Parliamentary, and Municipal elections or referendums.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan including 2024 amendments, article 12.1 and 12.2: https://msk.gov.az/uploads/qanunvericilik/Election-Code-2024.pdf
|
2024/11/12
|
|
Bahamas
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Residence in the Bahamas is required as a qualification for voting unless specified otherwise (i.e. residence for study abroad or employment abroad)
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act (1992), Art. 8-10
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BS/bahamas-parliamentary-elections-act-2012/view (2017)
|
2017/03/27
|
|
Bahrain
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
1. Should be 21 years of age of the day of election or referendum
2. Should be of complete mental health
3. Should be a resident of the electoral district according to the CPR. In case of living abroad, the last place of residence in the Kingdom will be his electoral district, if he has no residence in Bahrain then he follows the district of his immediate family.
Source:
Decree No. 14 of 2002 on Exercising Political Rights, art. 2 (2, 3):https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/BH/bahrain-law-by-decree-on-exercising-political/view
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Bangladesh
|
a. Citizenship
|
Electors can be registered if citizens of Bangladesh, above the age of 18 and not subject to any court declaration of unsound mind.
Source:
Constitution: Part VII, Art. 122.
|
2012/05/30
|
|
Barbados
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
He/she needs to be a citizen of Barbados or be a Commonwealth citizen who has resided in Barbados for a period of at least 3 years before the election.
He/she also needs to have resided in the constituency where he/she will vote for a period of at least 3 months before the election.
Source:
Representation of the People's Act: Section 7.
|
2012/01/25
|
|
Belarus
|
a. Citizenship
|
Citizens shall have the right to vote freely and to be elected to state bodies on the basis of universal, equal, direct or indirect suffrage by secret ballot.
Citizens who are deemed incapable by a court or kept in places of confinement in accordance with a court sentence, and persons in respect of whom detention is selected under the procedure established by the criminal procedural legislation shall not take part in elections.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 38 & 64: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ;
Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 4: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Belgium
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
a) Belgian citizenship
e) Registration in the population registry of a Belgian community
Source:
The Belgian Constitution, Article 61
http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/publications/constitution/GrondwetUK.pdf
Electoral Code of Belgium, Article 1
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BE/belgium-electoral-code-2014/view
|
2019/04/25
|
|
Belize
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
To register within a division, the citizen must have resided there for at least 2 months. Citizens of any Commonwealth country with a residence of no less than 12 months can register to vote in Belize.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act, Chapter 9”, Section 5: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-representation-of-the-people-act-2020/
|
2025/03/24
|
|
Benin
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
The electors shall be all Béninese citizens of both sexes above the age of eighteen and in full possession of their civil and political rights.
Source:
Constitution of 11 December 1990, art. 6: http://www.gouv.bj/sites/default/files/Cour-Constitutionnelle-recueil-des-textes-fondamentaux.pdf (2016);
Law n ° 2010-33 of 7 January 2011 setting general rules for the elections in the Republic of Benin, art. 8: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-electorale-generale-pour-2011.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/05
|
|
Bermuda
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Residence or Bermudian status is required in order to qualify on the list of electors.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 55
|
2012/05/31
|
|
Bhutan
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Article 100: Every person who is a citizen of Bhutan as evidenced by a
citizenship identity card shall be entitled to be registered as
a voter for a constituency, if such a person is;
b) Registered in the civil registry of the Government
pertaining to that constituency and having his/her
Gung or Mitsi in that place for not less than one year
before the qualifying date; and
c) Not otherwise disqualified from voting under this
Act or any other law in force in Bhutan
Article 23: A person shall have the right to vote by direct adult suffrage through secret ballot at an election if the person is:
A Bhutanese citizen as evidenced by a Citizenship Card;
Registered in the civil registry of that constituency for not less than one year, prior to the date of the election; and
Not otherwise disqualified from voting under any law in force in Bhutan.
Source:
Election Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2008, Chapter 6, Article 100b-c: https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ElectionActEnglish.pdf
Constitution of Bhutan, Article 23(2a, 2c 2d): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008
|
2024/08/27
|
|
Bolivia
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Citizenship is acquired at the age of 18.
Source:
Constitution; "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 26: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
Electoral Law; “Ley del Régimen Electoral — Ley 026-2010”, art. 45: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-026-2010-regimen-electoral-vigente/ (2019).
|
2024/12/09
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, art. art. 1.4 (1)
http://izbori.ba/Documents/documents/ZAKONI/BiH_Election_Law_last_consolidated_version_2018.pdf
|
2025/06/23
|
|
Botswana
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Eligible voters must be citizens of Botswana, at least 18 years old, and
have either resided in Botswana for a continuous period of at least 12 months
immediately preceding the date on which they apply for registration or
have been born in Botswana and are domiciled in Botswana on the date on which they apply for registration.
Source:
Constitution of Botswana art. 67 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-constitution-of-1966-with-amendments-up/view (2014).
|
2014/10/27
|
|
Brazil
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
d. Naturalization
e. Other
|
Article 12. Brazilians are: § 2º The law may not establish distinctions between native-born Brazilians and naturalized Brazilians, except in the cases provided for in this Constitution.
Article 14. § 3º The conditions for eligibility, according to the law, are:
I – Brazilian nationality;
II – full exercise of political rights;
III – voter registration;
IV – electoral domicile in the electoral district.
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, Article 12, 14, 15:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Electoral Code - Law No. 4,737, of July 15, 1965, Article 4, 5, 6:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BR/brazil-lei-4.737-2018/ (2018)
|
2024/10/16
|
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
g. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/fdl/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Brunei_Constitution_1959_amended%202011_EN.pdf (2013);
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html
|
2013/03/18
|
|
Bulgaria
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
for president and vice president elections,elections members of National Assembly and Grand National Assembly: Every citizen above the age of 18, with the exception of those placed under judicial interdiction or serving a prison sentence, shall be free to elect state and local authorities and vote in referendums.
Elections for municipal councilors and mayors: Must be Bulgarian citizens who are 18 years of age on election day, including, not under guardianship, not serving a custodial sentence and lived for at least the last six months in the relevant village.
(2) Every citizen of the country - State of the European Union, which is not a Bulgarian citizen has the right to elect municipal councilors and mayors, if aged 18 or over including election day, is not under guardianship is not serving a sentence of imprisonment a status of long-term or permanent residence in the Republic of Bulgaria, lived for at least the last six months in the local community and is not deprived of the right to vote in the Member State of nationality.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria, art. 42 (1)
Electoral Law: Election Code, art. 396, art. 243, art. 307
|
2014/10/03
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
e. Other
|
e) Full possession of civil and political rights.
Source:
Constitution as amended in 2012, art. 11, 12: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/constitution-revisee-juin-2012.pdf (2012);
Electoral Code as amended in 2015, art. 42, 43: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/Code_électoral_BF-Version_21.05.2015.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
d. Naturalization
e. Other
|
The Ward or Village-tract Sub-commission shall include in the relevant voting roll every citizen, associate citizen, naturalized citizen and holder of temporary certificate who do not contravene the provisions of the Law and are residents in a constituency and have completed the age of 18 years on the day of commencement of election.
Source:
Constitution of Myanmar, art. 391: http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/Constitution-1.pdf (2015);
The Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law, art. 6, 14 (a): http://www.altsean.org/Research/2010/Resources/Laws/Pyithu%20Hluttaw%20Election%20Law.pdf (2013).
|
2015/11/17
|
|
Burundi
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
Electoral Code, art. 4: https://courconstitutionnelle.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Code-Electoral_30092024095027.pdf
Constitution, art. 8: https://acbc.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl441/files/Legislation/Countries%20legislations/BURUNDI/Constitution%20of%20Burundi%20of%20_2018_compressed.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Cambodia
|
a. Citizenship
|
Khmer citizens of both sexes, at least eighteen years old, have the right to vote.
Source:
Constitution, art. 34 (2): http://www.ccc.gov.kh/detail_info_en.php?_txtID=791;
Law on the Election of the Members of the National Assembly, art. 46: http://ngocedaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/tmp_11849-Draft-of-LEMNA-by-CNRP-CPP_March_08_2015132491924.pdf
|
2023/10/11
|
|
Cameroon
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Source:
Electoral Code Chapter I section 46: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-electoral-code-english-2012
|
2018/11/05
|
|
Canada
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
In order to be entitled to vote, a Canadian citizen must not have been living outside Canada for a period exceeding five years.
Those who are confined to a correctional institution for a period exceeding 2 years are not eligible to vote.
Source:
The Canada Elections Act (2015), Clause 3-6, 11&12
http://laws.justice.gc.ca/PDF/E-2.01.pdf
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Cape Verde
|
a. Citizenship
|
All citizens of Cape Verde above 18 years old have the right to vote.
Source:
Constitution of Cape Verde as amended in 2010, art. 55 (2): http://www.parlamento.cv/Downloads/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Cabo%20verde,%202010.pdf (2016);
Electoral Law as amended by Law No 56/VII/2010, art. 5, 369, 403: http://www.parlamento.cv/userfiles/image/site/Leis/Altera%20o%20C%C3%B3digo%20Eleitoral%20-%20texto%20integrante.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Source:
Constitution: “Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009”, Section 90: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-constitution-2009/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
Central African Republic
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
e) Registration in the electoral roll; Full possession of civic rights.
Source:
Electoral Law N° 09.016, Art. 3: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2021/04/19
|
|
Chad
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
e) Registration in the Electoral Registry
Source:
Electoral Law N° 003/PR/2008 amended by law n° 008/PR/2009, law n° 007/PR/2010 and law n° 020/PR/2010, art. 3: https://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Chad_Electoral%20code_2009_fr.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/23
|
|
Chile
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Foreigners with five years of residence may also vote.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Chile (2017)”, art. 13 & 14:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-1/
Art. 14: Los extranjeros avecindados en Chile por más de cinco años, y que cumplan con los requisitos señalados en el inciso primero del artículo 13, podrán ejercer el derecho de sufragio en los casos y formas que determine la ley"
Foreigners who have resided in Chile for more than five years, and who meet the requirements specified in the first paragraph of Article 13, may exercise the right to vote in the cases and forms determined by law.
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Constitucional sobre Votaciones Populares y Escrutinios (2016)”, art. 60:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-ley-sobre-votaciones-populares-y-escrutinios/
|
2025/03/04
|
|
China
|
a. Citizenship
|
All citizens of the People's Republic of China who have reached the age of 18 shall have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status or length of residence.
Persons who have been deprived of political rights according to the law shall not have the right to vote and stand for election.
Source:
Electoral Law, Art. 3
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Cocos (keeling) Islands
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
93.
(1) Subject to subsections (7) and (8) and to Part VIII, all persons:
(a) who have attained 18 years of age; and
(b) who are:
(i) Australian citizens; or
(ii) persons (other than Australian citizens) who would, if the relevant citizenship law had continued in force, be British subjects within the meaning of that relevant citizenship law and whose names were, immediately before 26 January 1984:
(A) on the roll for a Division; or
(B) on a roll kept for the purposes of the Australian Capital Territory Representation (House of Representatives) Act 1973 or the Northern Territory Representation Act 1922;
shall be entitled to enrolment.
(7) A person who is:
(a) within the meaning of the Migration Act 1958, the holder of a temporary visa; or
(b) an unlawful non-citizen under that Act;
is not entitled to enrolment under Part VIII.
(8) A person who:
(a) by reason of being of unsound mind, is incapable of understanding the nature and significance of enrolment and voting; or
(b) has been convicted of treason or treachery and has not been pardoned;
is not entitled to have his or her name placed or retained on any Roll or to vote at any Senate election or House of Representatives election.
(8AA) A person who is serving a sentence of imprisonment of 3 years or longer is not entitled to vote at any Senate election or House of Representatives election.
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act of 1918, as amended on 8 March 2019, section 93: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103
|
2019/07/10
|
|
Colombia
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
e. Other
|
Full possession of civil and political rights.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 99: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016 (2016).
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral”, art. 3, 4: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-codigo-electoral-2016/ (2016).
|
2024/12/12
|
|
Comoros
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Voters must reside in the country at for at least 6 months prior to the election. The must also be enrolled in the electoral register.
Source:
Constitution, art. 4 (2):http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/com128670.pdf (2016);
Law No 10-018/AU Amending certain provisions of the Electoral Act No. 07-001/AU of 14 January 2007, art. 9, 10
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/KM/comores-electoral-law-2010/view (2016)
|
2016/04/12
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
d. Naturalization
|
Source:
Election law of 24 November 2001, Art. 6, 8: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
e) In order to be able to vote one must be present at the territory of the Democratic Republic of Congo the day of the elections.
Source:
Loi électorale de la RDC (2015),art. 5:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CD/congo-kinshasa-rdc-loi-electorale-2015/
|
2016/11/29
|
|
Cook Islands
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
d. Naturalization
|
A person shall be qualified to be an elector for the election of a Member of Parliament for any constituency other than the Overseas Constituency, if, and only if:
(a) He is a Commonwealth citizen, or he has the status of a permanent resident of the Cook Islands as defined by Act; and
(b) He has been resident in the Cook Islands throughout the period of three months immediately preceding his application for enrolment as an elector and has not subsequently qualified as an elector under subclause (2) of this Article; and (c) He has at some period actually resided continuously in the Cook Islands for not less than 12 months.
Qualifications for registration of electors - (1) A person shall be qualified to be registered as an elector of a constituency if that person -
(a) is a Cook Islander or a New Zealander citizen, or has the status of a permanent resident of the Cook Islands;
(b) has at some period actually resided continuously in the Cook Islands for not less than 12 months;
(c) is 18 years of age or over;
(d) has been actually resident in the Cook Islands throughout the period of 3 months immediately residing that person's application for enrolment as an elector;
(e) has not been convicted of any corrupt practice or any offence punishable by death, or imprisonment for a term of 1 year or more unless in each case that person has received a free pardon or has undergone the sentence or punishment to which that person was adjudged;
(f) is not of unsound mind.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Cook Islands, Art. 28
Electoral Act (2004), Art. 7
|
2014/06/05
|
|
Costa Rica
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
e. Other
|
d. Naturalized citizens can only vote 12 months after acquiring such status.
e. To be included in the Civil Registry and not having one's political rights suspended.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica”, art. 94: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-constitucion-politica-reformas-2015.pdf/; Electoral Law: “Ley 8765: Código Electoral”, art. 144: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-ley-8765-codigo-electoral-2018.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
Croatia
|
a. Citizenship
|
Article 45: All Croatian citizens of the Republic of Croatia who have reached the age of eighteen years shall have universal and equal suffrage. This right shall be exercised through direct elections by secret ballot.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Croatia as revised on 06 July 2010, art. 45.
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/2264/file/Croatia_Act_State_Electoral_Commission_2006.pdf
|
2020/07/06
|
|
Cuba
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Residence in country for at least two years prior to elections.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”, art. 80: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”, art. 7: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/
|
2023/09/12
|
|
Cyprus
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
6-month residence in Cyprus prior to the elections.
Source:
Presidential Election, 28 January 2018 OSCE/ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report
https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/cyprus/363771?download=true
Constitution, Art. 31, 63:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CY/cyprus-constitution-1960/ (2016);
Electoral Law 72 of 1979 as amended, Art. 5:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CY/cyprus-electoral-law-72-1979-greek-version/ (2016).
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Cyprus (North)
|
f. No information available
|
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Czech Republic
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Citizenship is a condition for voting, except in elections to local authorities - non-nationals who have their permanent residence in the locality can vote in it.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Czech Republic of December 16, 1992 (Amended by Act No. 515/2002 Coll.), art. 18.
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Czech_Republic_2013?lang=en
Act 2001 - 491 on the Election to Municipal Councils: ZÁKON ze dne 6. prosince 2001 o volbách do zastupitelstev obcí a o změně některých zákonů, section 4.
|
2023/09/18
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Source:
1)Constitution, art. 33: http://cndj.ci/constitution.htm (2012);
2)Electoral Law n° 2000-514 of 1 August 2000, art. 3: http://www.gouv.ci/doc/textes_fondamentaux/Code%20Electoral.pdf (2012)
|
2016/12/01
|
|
Denmark
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Section 29, Constitution:
Subsection 1. Any Danish subject who is permanently domiciled in the Realm, and who has the age qualification for suffrage as provided for in Sub-section (2) of this section shall have the right to vote at Folketing elections, provided that he has not been declared incapable of conducting his own affairs. It shall be laid down by statute to what extent conviction and public assistance amounting to poor relief within the meaning of the law shall entail disenfranchisement.
Section 29, Subsection 1 explained:
It is necessary to be a Danish citizen to be eligible to vote in a general election. Permanent residence in Denmark is also a requirement. This makes it necessary to be registered with the national register in Denmark. However, there are exceptions for some Danes residing abroad. For example, people who work for the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs or have been posted abroad by a Danish authority, company or society are entitled to vote. This also applies to people who are living abroad for educational or health-related reasons. Furthermore, it is possible to retain the right to vote by signing a document stating an intention to return to Denmark within two years of leaving the country. The rules are laid down in Section 2 of the Danish Election Act.
Source:
Constitution, Sec 29, Subsection 1. https://www.thedanishparliament.dk/~/media/pdf/publikationer/english/my_constitutional_act_with_explanations.ashx
Elections Act, Ch.1, P.1, Art 2(2)
Parliamentary Elections and Election Administration in Denmark (Dr Jorgen Elklit and Anne Birte Pade, Election consultant Ministry of Interior)
|
2019/05/27
|
|
Djibouti
|
a. Citizenship
|
ARTICLE 3. - All Djiboutian nationals of both sexes aged 18 years and enjoying their civil and political rights are voters.
Source:
Electoral Law n° 1/ AN /92 regulating elections, as amended by Organic Law n ° L 11/AN/02/4, art. 3:
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DJ/djibouti-electoral-law-1992/view (2016)
|
2018/03/30
|
|
Dominica
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
A person is qualified to be registered as an elector for a polling district if he/she: is a citizen of the Commonwealth of Dominica or is a citizen of member states of the Commonwealth of Nations who has resided in Dominica for a period of twelve (12) months immediately before the qualifying date; and is eighteen (18) years of age or over; has resided in that polling district for a continuous period of at least three months immediately preceding the date of registration. The residence qualification does not apply to persons who have attained the age of eighteen years within the period of three months immediately preceding the date of registration.
Source:
Constitution of Dominica (1978), Section 33 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DM/dominica-constitution-of-the-commonwealth-of/view (2014).
Registration of Electors Act No. 13 of 1974, Section 5 (1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DM/dominica-registration-of-electors-act-1974/view (2014).
Electoral Office of Dominica, Official Website - Who Can Register to Vote?: http://electoraloffice.gov.dm/registration-2/regulations-pertaining-to-the-registration-of-electors-5(2014).
|
2014/12/16
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Citizenship is acquired at the age of 18 or, if the person is younger, when they get married.
Source:
Constitución: Constitución de la República Dominicana (2015) art. 21 y 22 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-constitucion-politica-2015/ (2020)
Ley Electoral “Ley Orgánica de Régimen Electoral No. 15-19 art. 6, 80 : http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-ley-organica-de-regimen/ (2019)
|
2020/02/05
|
|
Ecuador
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Foreign persons who have legally resided in Ecuador for at least 5 years are also granted the right to vote.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 62 & 63: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 11: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
Egypt
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
|
Every male and female Egyptian above 18 years old has the right to vote. A person who acquired Egyptian citizenship by naturalization shall not be recorded in the electoral register except after at least five years have passed since citizenship was acquired.
Source:
Law No. 73 of the year 1956 Regulating the Exercise of Political Rights and its Amendments, art. 1 & 4: http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_exercise_of_political_rights_including_amendments_to_december.pdf (2012).
|
2018/03/18
|
|
El Salvador
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
In order to exercise the right to vote, citizens should be included in the electoral roll. Each citizen must also obtain an ID card, which has to be shown at the moment of voting.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”, art. 71 & 77: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/ ;
Electoral Law: “Decreto No. 413 — Código Electoral”, art. 5, 6, 8 & 9: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-recopilacion-legislacion-electoral-2021/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
f. No information available
|
Source:
Law No. 7/2012 of 16 November 2012 regulating elections to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, municipal elections and referenda
|
2013/04/09
|
|
Eritrea
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
resident of the constituency, an employee in the constituency area, or assigned in the constituency area to perform his duties;
not serving a sentence by a court of law;
capable by law to perform his civil and political rights
Source:
Elections Act, art. 18
|
2011/06/21
|
|
Estonia
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
§ 4. Right to vote and stand as candidate
(1) Estonian citizens who have attained 18 years of age by election day have the right to vote.
(2) A person who has been divested of his or her active legal capacity with regard to the right to vote shall not have the right to vote.
(3) A person who has been convicted of a criminal offence by a court and is imprisoned shall not participate in voting.
Source:
Electoral Law: Riigikogu Election Act as amended on 13 April 2016, § 4.
|
2019/02/19
|
|
Ethiopia
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
b) Residence within the constituency for at least 6 months.
Source:
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007, art. 33 (1) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
c. Citizenship of Parents
d. Naturalization
|
Source:
Constitution: “Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008”, Section 32: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-constitution-2008/ ;
Electoral Law: “Electoral Ordinance 1988”, Section 8–8C: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-electoral-ordinance-1988/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Fiji
|
a. Citizenship
|
A person who has reached the age of 18 years and is a citizen of Fiji shall have the right to be registered as a voter.
Source:
Constitution, sec. 55: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
Electoral Registration of Voters Decree, sec. 3 (1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-registration-of-voters-decree-no.-54-of-2012/view (2014).
|
2018/04/20
|
|
Finland
|
a. Citizenship
|
a) Finnish citizenship
Source:
Constitution, Section 14: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf (2012)
|
2019/04/02
|
|
France
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Art. L2
https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do;jsessionid=D743CF8B04937AC5B31672959A9CEA59.tplgfr23s_1?idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006148454&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070239&dateTexte=20200617
|
2020/06/21
|
|
French Guiana
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/10
|
|
French Polynesia
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Paragraph 4, 34 and 35.
|
2004/01/15
|
|
Gabon
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
e) Additional requirements for voter registration: Full possession of civil and political rights, familial links or economic interests in the constituency. In addition, voters must be born in the constituency, or have their permanent residence or know residence for at least twelve months in their electoral constituency.
Source:
Law No. 7/96 of 12 March 1996 establishing common rules for all political elections, with all the subsequent amendments, art. 25, 48
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GA/gabon-code-electoral-2005/view (2017)
Constitution, art 4
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gabon_1997?lang=en
(2017)
|
2025/05/13
|
|
Gambia
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Every citizen of The Gambia being eighteen years or older and of sound mind shall have the right to vote for the purpose of elections of a President and members of the National Assembly, and shall be entitled to be registered as a voter in a National Assembly constituency for that purpose.
A person shall be entitled to have his name entered on a register of voters in a constituency if
(a) he/she is a citizen of The Gambia;
(b) he/she has attained, or will on the date of the holding of the next election attain, the age of eighteen years; and
(c) he/she is resident, or was born in that constituency.
Source:
Constitution, Chapter V, part 1, section 39: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gambia_2004?lang=en (2017)
Elections Decree 78 of 1996, part III, section 12 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GM/gambia-elections-decree-78-of-1996/view
http://iec.gm/registration/why-how-do-i-register/
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Georgia
|
a. Citizenship
|
Every citizen of Georgia have the right to participate in referendums and elections of the bodies of the state, autonomous republics and local self-governments.
Source:
Constitution of Georgia, art. 24:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_2018?lang=en
|
2024/07/25
|
|
Germany
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Registration for voting requires an individual to have had a domicile or have otherwise been permanently resident for at least three months in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Source:
Federal Elections Act, Sections 12-13
https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/dam/jcr/4ff317c1-041f-4ba7-bbbf-1e5dc45097b3/bundeswahlgesetz_engl.pdf
|
2025/03/06
|
|
Ghana
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Every citizen of Ghana of eighteen years of age or above and of sound mind has the right to vote and is entitled to be registered as a voter for the purposes of public elections and referenda.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, art. 42:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-constitution-1992-with-amendments-through/view
|
2016/09/21
|
|
Gibraltar
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
c. Citizenship of Parents
d. Naturalization
|
"3. (1) The persons entitled to vote as electors at elections of members of
the Parliament (in this Act referred to as ‘the Parliament’) under the Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006 shall be those persons who–
(i) have lived in Gibraltar during the whole of the qualifying period; and
(ii) intend to live in Gibraltar either permanently or indefinitely; and
(iii) are, on the qualifying date and on the date of the poll, British citizens, British Overseas Territories citizens, British Overseas citizens, British Nationals (Overseas), British protected persons or British subjects under the British Nationality Act 1981, and are 18 years of age or over and are not subject to any legal incapacity to vote;"
Source:
Parliament Act Number 1950-15, Part II, Article 3(1).
https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/1950-15o.pdf
|
2019/11/04
|
|
Greece
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
e) Not been deprived of the voting rights
Source:
P.D. 96/2007 (Codification of the legal provisions on parliamentary elections), Art. 4 and Art.5
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7827/file/Greece_Law_election_parliament_as_of_2007_en.pdf
|
2020/07/26
|
|
Greenland
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Any Danish citizen who permanently resides in Denmark and has reached the electoral age stated in Subsection 2 shall be entitled to vote at general elections, unless the person in question has been declared legally incompetent. An Act determines the extent to which criminal convictions and the receipt of social security benefits, regarded in legislation as poor relief, should entail the loss of the right to be elected to Parliament. It is necessary to be a Danish citizen to be eligible to vote in a general election. Permanent residence in Denmark is also a requirement. This makes it necessary to be registered with the national register in Denmark. However, there are exceptions for some Danes residing abroad. For example, people who work for the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs or have been posted abroad by a Danish authority, company or society are entitled to vote. This also applies to people who are living abroad for educational or health-related reasons. Furthermore, it is possible to retain the right to vote by signing a document stating an intention to return to Denmark within two years of leaving the country. The rules are laid down in Section 2 of the Danish Election Act.
Source:
Constitution, Sec 29 Elections Act, Ch.1, P.1, Art 2(2) Parliamentary Elections and Election Administration in Denmark (Dr Jorgen Elklit and Anne Birte Pade, Election consultant Ministry of Interior)
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Grenada
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
a) Commonwealth citizenship
Constitution, article 32:
"32.-(1) Each of the constituencies into which Grenada is divided in accordance with the provisions of section 56 of this Constitution shall return one member to the House of Representatives who shall be directly elected in such manner as may, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, be prescribed by or under any law.
(2)
Every Commonwealth citizen who has attained the prescribed age and who possesses such qualifications relating to residence or domicile in Grenada as Parliament may prescribe shall, unless he is disqualified by Parliament from registration as a voter for the purposes of elections of members of the House of Representatives, be entitled to be registered as such a voter under any law in that behalf, and no other person may be so registered.
Every person who is registered as aforesaid in any constituency shall, unless he is disqualified by Parliament from voting in that constituency in any election of members of the House of Representatives, be so entitled to vote, in accordance with the provisions of any law in that behalf, and no other person may so vote.
The prescribed age for the purposes of this subsection shall be the age of eighteen years."
Source:
Constitution, article 32
|
2012/01/25
|
|
Guadeloupe
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Guam
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
To vote: you must be 18, a U.S. citizen, and a resident of Guam. To vote in municipal, division, or district elections: you must be a resident of the applicable municipality, division, or district.
You may not vote if you are confined to a mental institution, judicially declared incompetent, or incarcerated under a sentence of imprisonment.
Source:
3 Guam Code 3101:
http://www.guamcourts.org/CompilerofLaws/GCA/03gca/3gc003.PDF
|
2020/10/28
|
|
Guatemala
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Being registered as a voter and in full possession of his/her political rights.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos”, art. 2, 7 & 8: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/
|
2023/05/29
|
|
Guinea
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
All Guinean citizens of majority, of one or the other gender, enjoying their civil and political rights are electors within the conditions determined by the law.Constitution, art. 2
Source:
Constitution (2010), art. 2: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-constitution-2010-english-version/view
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
e) Full possession of civil and political rights.
Source:
Electoral Law of 11 November 2009 on the election of the President of the Republic and the National People's Assembly ("Lei Eleitoral Para Presidente da República e Assembleia Nacional Popular"), art. 7 (1): http://www.cne-guinebissau.org/phocadownload/lei_eleitoral.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Guyana
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
d. Naturalization
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 59
|
2015/05/11
|
|
Haiti
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
e) Full political and civil rights
Source:
IPU Parline database:
http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2137.htm
|
2015/04/08
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
e. Other
|
e) Be a cardinal
Source:
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vt.html
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Honduras
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Honduran citizens have the duty to be registered in the electoral roll and the right to obtain an identity card and to exercise the suffrage.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de 1982", art. 36: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-constitucion-politica-de-1982-2021/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral de Honduras”, art. 64–66: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-electoral-2021-con-reformas-2021/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
A natural person is not eligible to be registered as an elector for a constituency unless the person is a permanent resident of Hong Kong.
(1) A natural person is not eligible to be registered as an elector in the register of geographical constituencies unless,
at the time of applying for registration, the person satisfies the Electoral Registration Officer-
(a) that the person ordinarily resides in Hong Kong; and
(b) that the residential address notified in the person's application for registration is the person's only or
principal residence in Hong Kong.
Source:
Legislative Council Ordinance, Sec.27 & Sec.28: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/HK/hong-kong-legislative-council-ordinance-cap-542
|
2021/06/07
|
|
Hungary
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Every adult citizen of any other member state of the European Union who is a resident of Hungary shall have the right to be a voter as well as a candidate in the elections of local representatives and mayors, and of members of the European Parliament.
A person disenfranchised by a court for committing an offence or due to his or her limited mental capacity shall have no suffrage.
Source:
Constitution: The Fundamental Law of Hungary (as Amended to 2013), Freedom and Responsibilities, Article XXIII: http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=140968.322953.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
Iceland
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Citizens of Iceland are also required to be "domiciled" in the country to be eligible to vote.
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act, Art. 1-2
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/3897/file/Iceland_Act_Parliamentary_Elections_to_Althing_2000_en.pdf
|
2020/07/27
|
|
India
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Representation of the People Act, 1950, Sec. 16. Disqualifications for registration in an electoral roll. —(1) A person shall be disqualified for registration in an electoral roll if he—
(a) is not a citizen of India; or
(b) is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court; or
(c) is for the time being disqualified from voting under the provisions of any law relating to corrupt practices and other offences in connection with elections.
Source:
Representation of the People Act, 1950, Sec. 16-20: http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf
|
2024/06/21
|
|
Indonesia
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
A person shall be entitled to vote if--
(a) he is a citizen of Pakistan
(b) he is not less than eighteen years of age
(c) his name appears on the electoral roll
(d) he is not declared by a competent court to be unsound mind
Source:
Constitution, Αrt. 51 (2)
https://na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1333523681_951.pdf
|
2024/01/31
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Voters must have the following conditions:
1- Having the nationality of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
2- Being at least 16 years old.
3- Being sane.
Source:
Presidential Electoral Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, article 36: https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/4748_5_O_Iran_Electoral_Law_on_Presidential_Elections_10.pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Iraq
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
The voter must be:
First - Iraqi citizenship.
Second - Full eligibility.
Thirdly - completed eighteen years of age in the year in which the election.
Fourthly - registered in the voters' register in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the regulations and procedures issued by the Commission.
Source:
Electoral Law of the Iraqi Parliament, Article 5: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/iraq-electoral-law-of-the-iraqi-parliament-2013/view
|
2018/04/19
|
|
Ireland
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
(1) A person shall be entitled to be registered as a Dáil elector in a constituency if he has reached the age of eighteen years and he was, on the qualifying date—
(a) a citizen of Ireland, and
(b) ordinarily resident in that constituency.
(2) (a) In addition to those entitled to be registered under subsection (1) a person shall be entitled to be registered as a Dáil elector in a constituency if he is a person who has reached the age of eighteen years and who on the qualifying date—
(i) complied with the requirement of subsection (1) (b), and
(ii) was either—
(I) a British citizen, or
(II) a national of a Member State to which this subsection applied on that date.
Source:
Constitution, Ch.4, Art. 16(1.2); https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html
Electoral Act 1992, Art. 8: https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1992/act/23/enacted/en/print#sec64
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Israel
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
BASIC LAW: THE KNESSET (5718 - 1958) Art.5: https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/Documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawTheKnesset.pdf
|
2019/05/02
|
|
Italy
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
e) Prison inmates, and persons found guilty of certain crimes (Mafia association, for example) cannot vote.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 48
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Italy_2012?lang=en
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Jamaica
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
37 (1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2) of this section a person shall be qualified to be
registered as an elector for elections to the House of Representatives if, and shall not be so
qualified unless, he is -
a. a citizen of Jamaica resident in Jamaica at the date of registration, or
b. Commonwealth citizen (other than a citizen of Jamaica) who is resident in Jamaica at
the date of registration and who has been so resident for at least twelve months
immediately preceding that date, and has attained the prescribed age.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 37
|
2012/01/26
|
|
Japan
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
d. Naturalization
|
- Japanese citizens over 18
- 3 months residence
Source:
Public Office Election Act, Art. 9 (2):
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325AC1000000100
|
2019/07/09
|
|
Jordan
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
Law on the Election of the House of Representatives
Law No. (6) of 2016, art 3(a): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/misc/jordan-law-on-the-election-of-the-house-of/view
|
2016/08/03
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
1. Universal active suffrage shall be the right of citizens of the Republic to take part in the voting at elections upon reaching the age of eighteen years irrespectively of his/her birth, origin, social, official and property status, sex, race, ethnicity, language, relation to religion, belief, place of residence or any other circumstances.
3. The citizens, who have been recognized by a court as legally incapable, including those who kept in places of confinement under the court’s sentence, shall not take part in elections.
Source:
Constitutional Law on Elections of the Republic of Kazakhstan as amended on June 29, 2018, art. 4: https://www.election.gov.kz/eng/election-legal-framework/the-laws-of-the-rk.php
|
2024/10/18
|
|
Kenya
|
a. Citizenship
|
you have to be a citizen of Kenya to exercise a right to vote
Source:
The Elections Act Article 3
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Kiribati
|
a. Citizenship
|
Every citizen who is a person resident within an electoral district established by or under the Constitution, shall be entitled to be registered as an elector in the electoral district in which he is resident, and when so registered to vote at an election of a member of the Maneaba ni Mangatabu for that electoral district.
Source:
Article 64(1), Constitution of Kiribati
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kiribati_2013
|
2020/05/01
|
|
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
CIA World Factbook:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html (2013)
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
a. Citizenship
|
A national of 18 years of age or older shall have the right to vote in elections of the President and
members of the National Assembly.
Source:
Public Official Election Act, Article 15(1): https://www.nec.go.kr/site/eng/ex/bbs/List.do?cbIdx=1280
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Kuwait
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
e. Other
|
Suffrage is extended to all Kuwaitis at the age of 21, except those citizens who have been naturalized for less than 20 years and active members of the armed forces.
Source:
Official Website of the Kuwait Government: http://www.pm.gov.kw/en/national_Assembly/aboutNationalAssembly.jsp (2013);
Law No. 35 of 1962 on the election of members of Parliament with its amendments, art. 1: http://www.gcc-legal.org/mojportalpublic/LawAsPDF.aspx?opt&country=1&LawID=2687#Section_3508 (2013)
|
2013/01/31
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
a. Citizenship
|
The right to vote shall be granted to the citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic having reached 18 years of age.
Source:
Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic (2021), art. 2 (4):https://constsot.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/constitution-of-the-kyrgyz-republic.pdf
Constitutional Law No 68 of 2011 (amended 2020) “On elections of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic and deputies of Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic”, art. 3 (1): https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a1/KYRG_Const%20Laww%20on%20Elections%20of%20President%20and%20MPs.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
a. Citizenship
|
All Lao citizens, irrespective of their gender, ethnicity, beliefs, social status, place of residence, and profession, who are at least 18 years of age, have the right to vote.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 36: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Constitution/view;
Law No. 37/PO on the Election of Members of the National Assembly, art. 3: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Law-on/view
|
2021/02/24
|
|
Latvia
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Article 4: Any citizen of Latvia who has reached the age of 21 before election day may be elected to the Saeima unless one or more of the restrictions specified in Article 5 of this Law apply.
Article 5: Persons are not to be included in the lists of candidates and are not eligible to be elected to the Saeima if they:
1) have been placed under statutory trusteeship by the court;
2) are serving a court sentence in a penitentiary;
3) have been convicted of an intentionally committed criminal offence except in cases when persons have been rehabilitated or their conviction has been expunged or vacated;
4) have committed a criminal offence set forth in the Criminal Law in a state of mental incapacity or a state of diminished mental capacity or who, after committing a criminal offence, have developed a mental disorder and thus are incapable of taking or controlling a conscious action and as a result have been subjected to compulsory medical measures, or whose cases have been dismissed without applying such compulsory medical measures;
5) belong to the salaried staff of the state security, intelligence or counterintelligence services of a foreign country or have belonged to the salaried staff of the state security, intelligence or counterintelligence services of the USSR or the Latvian SSR except persons who have been employed at the Planning, Finance or Administrative Departments of the Committee for State Security of the USSR or the Latvian SSR;
6) after 13 January 1991 have been active in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (the Communist Party of Latvia), the International Front of the Working People of the Latvian SSR, the United Board of Working Bodies, the Organisation of War and Labour Veterans, the All-Latvia Salvation Committee or its regional committees;
7) have been sentenced with a prohibition to stand as a candidate in the elections of the Saeima, European Parliament, city or municipality councils unless they have been rehabilitated or their conviction has been expunged or vacated.
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia as amended on 8 April 2009, art. 8: http://legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/4777/file/Latvia_Constitution_am2009_en.pdf (2014);
Electoral Law: The Saeima Election Law as in force on 19 July 2014, art. 4-5: http://cvk.lv/pub/public/30870.html?doc_print=1 (2014)
|
2014/10/09
|
|
Lebanon
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
|
Every Lebanese individual who has attained the legal age stipulated in the constitution, whether or not resident on the Lebanese territory, shall be entitled to vote.
A naturalized Lebanese person may not vote or stand for election until ten years after the implementation of a naturalization decree. This law does not apply to women who become Lebanese through marriage with a Lebanese citizen.
Source:
Constitution, art. 21: http://www.presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%20Constitution.pdf
Parliamentary Election Law art. 3, 5: https://www.ministryinfo.gov.lb/en/22598
https://elections.gov.lb/getattachment/00bbe177-0eec-4f8a-a4df-e47c7e19b4de/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%28PDF%29.aspx%20(2017)
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
e. Other
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Lesotho, art. 57
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Liberia
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
|
Source:
The New Elections Law (2016, with amendments up until and including 2014), Chapter 3(A), Art. 3.1, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
For a person to be included in the voter register, he must:
i. be Libyan and legally eligible.
ii. have completed 18 years old, by the time of registration.
iii. hold a national number, and his name must be enlisted in the system of the
national number
Source:
Voter Registration Regulation for the Elections of the Council of Representatives, Attached to the Decision of the Board of Commission No. (49) 2014, Article 3(i & iii):http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/libya-voter-registration-regulation-for-the/view
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
All Liechtenstein citizens who have completed their 18th year, have their normal residence in Liechtenstein, and whose right to vote has not been suspended shall be entitled to all political rights in national matters (Article 29(2)). b) permanent residence in the country for at least one month before the election day
Source:
Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein [2014], Article 29(2).
https://www.llv.li/files/rdr/Verfassung-E-01-02-2014.pdf
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Pricipality of Liechtenstein, Parliamentary Elections 7 February 2021, Needs Assessment Mission Report, 2020 (2)
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/a/f/473469.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Lithuania
|
a. Citizenship
|
Citizens who, on the day of election, have reached 18 years of age, shall have the electoral right.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania (25 October 1992, as last amended on 25 April 2006), art. 34 (1)http://www3.lrs.lt/home/Konstitucija/Constitution.htm
|
2020/06/05
|
|
Luxembourg
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
To be an elector, it is necessary:
to be a Luxembourger [masculine] or Luxembourger [feminine];
to enjoy civil and political rights;
to have completed 18 years of age;
Source:
Constitution, Art. 52: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Luxembourg_2009
Electoral Law, Art. 1: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/68/Luxembourg_electoral%20code_2003_amended2016_FR.pdf
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Every citizen of the Republic of Macedonia who is at least 18 years of age, has the capacity to contract and has a permanent residence in the electoral district, municipality or in the City of Skopje, where the election takes place, shall have the right to vote. (Electoral Code, Art. 6 (1))
Source:
Electoral Code of the Republic of Macedonia including 2021 amendments, article 6: https://www.ifes.org/document/northmacedoniaelectoralcodeupdatesseptember2021pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Madagascar
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
e. Other
|
All Malagasy citizens who are 18 years or older at the date of the poll and in full possession of their civil and political rights are qualified to be registered and vote.
Source:
Organic Law n° 2012-005 on the Electoral Code, art. 3: http://mdm-national.mg/bureau/textes-reglementaires/textes-reglementaires/ (2013);
Constitution, art. 5 (4): http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/constitution.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/11
|
|
Malawi
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Source:
Malawi Electoral laws: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MW/malawi-electoral-laws-2019. Art 77 (3)
|
2025/05/26
|
|
Malaysia
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Every citizen who has attained the age of twenty-one years on the qualifying date and is a resident in a constituency on such qualifying date or, if not so resident, is an absent voter, is entitled to vote in that constituency in any election to the House of Representatives or the Legislative Assembly unless he/she is disqualified.
Source:
Constitution, art. 119 (1): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Maldives
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Constitution 2008 (2008)
26. Unless otherwise provided in this Constitution, every citizen of the Maldives eighteen years of age or older has the right:
(a) to vote in elections, and in public referendums, which shall be held by secret ballot
Elections (General) Act (2008)
5. (a) To all elections to which this Act applies, excluding the individuals specified in subsection (b), all Maldivian citizens above 18 years have the right to vote in such elections.
(b) An individual who has been convicted of a criminal offence and sentenced to imprisonment for a period of more than 5 years and who is serving that sentence shall be exempted from the right to vote in elections.
Source:
Constitution (2008), art. 26 (a): http://www.majlis.gov.mv/en/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-english.pdf (2018)
Elections (General) Act (2008), art. 5(a)(b):https://www.elections.gov.mv/en/core/download/Elections%20General%20Act%202008.pdf
|
2019/02/13
|
|
Mali
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
En effet,le code électorale n'exige que la délivrance d'un certificat de nationalité pour prendre part aux élections.
La durée de la résidence est de 6 mois
Source:
ART 18 de la Constitution
Verified by Mamadou Seck, Forum Civil, [email protected], 2008-02-20
|
2008/03/28
|
|
Malta
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
b) Residence in the country (for a continuous period of six months, or for periods amounting in the aggregate to six months, during the 18 months immediately preceding registration as elector)
Source:
Constitution, Art. 57: http://www.parlament.mt/constituion-of-malta?l=1 (2012);
General Elections Act, Art. 15: http://www.parlament.mt/general_election_act?l=1 (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
a. Citizenship
|
All eligible voters are to register in the electoral district in which they reside or have land rights.
Source:
Constitution, art. 4 (3); Elections and Referenda Act, as amended, sec. 105. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Marshall_Islands_1995
https://rmiparliament.org/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1980/1980-0020/ElectionsandReferendaAct1980_5.pdf
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Martinique
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Mauritania
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
b) Voters must reside in a municipality for at least 6 months
Source:
Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law n° 2012-015, art. 3 (2): www.mauritania.mr (2012);
ORDINANCE No. 87-289 October 20, 1987, art. 94, 98: http://www.ige.gov.mr/fr/pdf/ORDONNANCEN87-289.pdf (2012)
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Mauritius
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
The Constitution states that a person shall be entitled to register as an elector provided that:
"he is a Commonwealth citizen of not less than the age of 18 years; and either he has resided in Mauritius for a period of not less than 2 years immediately before such date as may be prescribed by Parliament or he is domiciled in Mauritius and is resident there on the prescribed date."
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Mauritius, art. 42
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mexico
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
In order to exercise the right to vote, citizens should be registered in the Federal Electoral Register and must obtain their "electoral card" to vote (all of which can be done for free at any of INE's registration offices in the country and abroad).
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 34: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 9, 130 & 131 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Every Citizen of the Federated States of Micronesia is eligible to vote in a National Election if he or she has fulfilled the following requirements:
(1) is living;
(2) is 18 years of age or older on the day of the election;
(3) is a Resident of a State;
(4) has been a Registered Voter for at least 30 days immediately preceding Election Day;
(5) is not currently under a judgment of mental incompetency or insanity; and
(6) is not currently under parole, probation, or sentence for any felony for which he or she has been convicted by any court of the Federated States of Micronesia.
Source:
The National Election Code, Title 9, Chapter 1, Section 103: http://fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/title09/T9_Ch1_2014.html#103
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Citizens of the Republic of Moldova, who by the day of the elections have reached the age of 18, have the right to vote, except for those legally deprived of this right.
Article 13: (1) The following individuals cannot vote:
a) those who do not meet the requirements specified in Article 11;
b) those declared incapacitated by a final decision of a court of law;
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97, art. 11, 13:1:a & b.
|
2021/04/05
|
|
Monaco
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Monegasques of either sex aged eighteen or over are eligible to vote, with the exception of those who are deprived of the right to vote for one of the reasons provided for by law.
a) individuals convicted of crime and those sentenced to an unconditional prison term of more than five days or to a suspended prison term of more than three months for theft, fraud or misappropriation, for a lesser offense punishable by one of the penalties applicable to those offenses, or for embezzlement by a person responsible for public funds.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 53; https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2013)021-e
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002, Art. 1
https://legimonaco.mc/tnc/loi/1968/02-23-839/
Observation of the elections to the National Council of Monaco (2013):
https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=19506&lang=en
|
2023/09/12
|
|
Mongolia
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
e) Full legal capacity
9. The right to participate in State management [public administration] affairs directly or through the organs of representation. Have the right to elect and to be elected to the State organs. The right to elect shall be exercised from the age of eighteen years, and the age qualification for being elected shall be determined by law, taking into consideration the requirements for the relevant State organs and official positions concerned.
Source:
Electoral Law of 2016, Art. 11: https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7739/file/Mongolia_law_elections_2015_am2016_en.pdf;
Constitution, Art. 16 (9): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mongolia_2001?lang=en%20(2017)
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Montenegro
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Article 45: The right to elect and stand for elections shall be granted to the citizen of Montenegro who is 18 years of age or above and who has minimum two years of residence in Montenegro.
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro, SU-SK Ref. no. 01-514/12, 19 October 2007, art. 45(1).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Montenegro_2013?lang=en
|
2021/12/22
|
|
Montserrat
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Source:
Elections Act, Art. 12
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Morocco
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
a) Article 30(a): All the citizens [feminine] and the citizens [masculine] of majority, enjoying their civil and political rights[,] are electors and eligible. e) A national identity card (CIN) number is required to register as a voter.
Source:
Morocco's Constitution of 2011, Article 30: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011.pdf;
Listes Electorales Generales: https://www.listeselectorales.ma/espace-informations.aspx
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Mozambique
|
a. Citizenship
|
All Mozambican citizens at least 18 years old are eligible to register and vote.
Source:
Law No. 8/2013 of 27 February 2013 regulating presidential and legislative elections (as amended by Law No. 12/2014), art. 10 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/Mozambique-Law-No.-12-2014-of-13-April-2014/view (2014);
Law No. 5/2013 of 22 February 2013 regulating voter registration (as amended by Law No. 8/2014), art. 3: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/law-no.-8-2014-of-12-march-2014-amending-law-no.-5/view (2014).
|
2014/10/02
|
|
Namibia
|
a. Citizenship
c. Citizenship of Parents
|
Both parents need to be Namibian citizens in order to vote. By birth, marriage, naturalization or decent.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Namibia, art. 4
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Nauru
|
a. Citizenship
|
Members of Parliament shall be elected in such manner as is prescribed by law, by Nauruan citizens who have attained the age of twenty years.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 29.
|
2019/07/05
|
|
Nepal
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
b) Permanent residence in the concerned Ward of any Village Development Committee or Municipality in any election constituency
Source:
Article Voter role Act, 2017 Section 3 (b, d, e) and 6 : http://www.election.gov.np/ecn/uploads/userfiles/voterlistlaw.pdf (2018)
|
2018/04/06
|
|
Netherlands
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Section B1: 1) Members of the House of Representatives of the States General shall be elected by persons who are Dutch nationals on nomination day and have attained the age of eighteen years on polling day, with the exception of persons who have their actual place of residence in Aruba, Curaçao or St Maarten on nomination day. 2) This exception shall not apply to: (a) Dutch nationals who have been resident in the Netherlands for at least ten years; (b) Dutch nationals who are employed in the Dutch public service in Aruba, Curaçao or St Maarten and their Dutch spouses or partners and children, in so far as they have joint households.
Source:
Act of 28 September 1989 containing new provisions governing the franchise and elections (Elections Act): B1(1)
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/Netherlands/Netherlands_Elections%20Act_1989am2009.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
New Caledonia
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Source:
Electoral Code, paragraph 4, 34 and 35.
|
2004/01/14
|
|
New Zealand
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
You’re eligible to enroll and vote if you are 18 years or older, a New Zealand citizen or permanent resident, and you’ve lived in New Zealand continuously for 12 months or more at some time in your life.
For electoral purposes, you are a permanent resident if you’re in New Zealand legally and not required to leave within a specific time
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act 1993, Art. 74:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/NZ/new-zealand-electoral-act-2010/view (2017)
https://vote.nz/enrolling/get-ready-to-enrol/are-you-eligible-to-enrol-and-vote/
|
2024/07/10
|
|
Nicaragua
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Citizenship is acquired at the age of 16. In order to exercise the suffrage right, citizens ought to be in full possession of their rights, be registered in the permanent electoral roll, and have an identification card or another electoral document (civil booklet).
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 47 (1), 51:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/constitucion/constitucion-politica-de-nicaragua-con-reformas-a/ (2016);
Electoral Law No. 331: “Ley Electoral No. 331 (enmendada por la ley No. 790 del 23/05/2012)”, art. 30, 31:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/leyes-electorales/nicaragua-ley-no.-331-ley-electoral-2012/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Niger
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
|
Source:
Constitution (2010), art.7: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/NE/niger-constitution-2010/
|
2017/02/01
|
|
Nigeria
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
A person shall be qualified to be registered as a voter if such a person is a citizen of Nigeria, has attained the age of eighteen years, is ordinarily resident, works in, originates from the Local Government/Area Council or Ward covered by the registration center and presents himself to the registration officers of the Commission for registration as a voter.
Source:
Electoral Act 2010, art. 12 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/NG/nigeria-electoral-act-2010/view
|
2018/11/12
|
|
Niue
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
An elector must be either a New Zealand citizen or a permanent resident of Niue. In addition, an elector must be ordinarily resident in Niue for the 12 months preceding an election and have lived in Niue at some point for longer than three years. An elector may not have lived abroad for more than three years unless a student, or in the service of the Government of Niue.
"...[A] person shall be deemed to be ordinarily resident in Niue if, and only if (a) [h]e is actually residing in Niue; or (b) [h]aving been actually resident in Niue with the intention of residing there indefinitely, he is outside Niue but has, and has ever since he left Niue an intention to return and reside there indefinitely."
Source:
Constitution, Art. 17; Niue Assembly Act 1966, as amended, Art. 12.
|
2012/07/04
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
A person is eligible to vote who, on the date of the election, is eighteen years of age or older, is domiciled in the Commonwealth, is a resident of the Commonwealth and has resided in the Commonwealth for a period of time provided by law, is not serving a sentence for a felony, has not been found by a court to be of unsound mind, and is either a citizen or national of the United States.
Source:
https://cnmilaw.org/cons.php#gsc.tab=0
Constitution, article 7, section 1
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Norway
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
e) Voters must be, or must at some time been, registered at the Population Registry as residents in Norway.
Source:
Constitution, Art 50: http://www.stortinget.no/en/In-English/About-the-Storting/The-Constitution/The-Constitution/ (2012);
The Election Act, Ch. 2, Art. 2-1: http://www.regjeringen.no/upload/KRD/Kampanjer/valgportal/Regelverk/Representation_of_the_People_Act170609.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Oman
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
|
- Omani nationality (including naturalized Omanis);
- Age: 21 years and over;
- No restrictions based on gender, race, education, or social status;
- Registration in the national electoral register.
Disqualifications:
- Membership of military bodies or security apparatus, unless one year has passed since retirement or resignation at the time of registration.
Source:
Inter-parliamentary Union: "OMAN Majles A'Shura (Consultative Council)" (2015) Legal Framework http://www.ipu.org/parline/reports/2378.htm
|
2025/05/06
|
|
Pakistan
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
A person shall be entitled to vote if--
(a) he is a citizen of Pakistan
(b) he is not less than eighteen years of age
(c) his name appears on the electoral roll
(d) he is not declared by a competent court to be unsound mind
Source:
Constitution, Αrt. 51 (2)
https://na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1333523681_951.pdf
|
2024/01/31
|
|
Palau
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Citizenship, in addition to a residence of 9 months in Palau, and 3 months in the district within which one registers. Exceptions to the registration requirement can be made for otherwise qualified voters.
Source:
Constitution, Art. VII; Voting Rights Act of 1981, as amended, Sec. 1401 (23 PNCA §1401).
|
2016/11/04
|
|
Palestine
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
A person who fulfills the following requirements shall be deemed eligible to vote:
a. To be Palestinian.
b. To be at least 18 years of age on polling day.
c. To be enlisted in the final voters registry.
d. Not to be deprived of the right to vote.
A person shall be considered Palestinian:
a. If he/she was born in Palestine with borders defined in the British Mandate, or was entitled to acquire the Palestinian nationality under the applicable laws during that era;
b. If he/she was born in the Gaza Strip or the West Bank, including Holy Jerusalem (Alquds Alshareef);
c. If one of his/her ancestors falls under the application of paragraph above irrespective of where he/she was born;
d. If he/she is a spouse of a Palestinian as defined above.
Source:
Elections Law 2 September 2007 regulating general elections, art. 27: http://www.elections.ps/Portals/0/pdf/Election_Law_%282007-Sept_02%29-EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/09
|
|
Panama
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Electors must be Panamanian citizens, have a personal identity card, be registered in the electoral roll and be in full possession of their civil and political rights.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”, art. 131, 132, 135: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral”, art. 5, 9: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-codigo-electoral-2023/
|
2024/12/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
b) A citizen wishing to register to vote needs to have either lived in the electorate for 6 months or more, or have been born in the electorate or lived in the electorate for a period of 5 years at any time.
Source:
Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, Section 50 (1): http://www.igr.gov.pg/constitution.pdf (2012);
Electoral Law (National Elections) Regulation 2007, Section 24: http://www.pngec.gov.pg:7780/i/pngec/llg_electoral_regulation_2007.pdf (2012)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
e.) Being enroled in the Permanent Civic Register.
Source:
Constitution: Constitución Nacional de la República del Paraguay, art. 120:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/constitucion/Paraguay%20%281992%29.pdf/ (1992)
Electoral Law: Código Electoral Paraguayo (Ley 834/96), art. 90, 110, 111 & 132:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/paraguay-codigo-electoral-2014/ (2014)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
Peru
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Full possession of civic and political rights
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política del Perú”, arts. 30 & 31: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-constitucion-politica-2019/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley 26859, orgánica de elecciones”, arts. 7, 9: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-26859-organica-elecciones-2019/
|
2020/01/28
|
|
Philippines
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Constitution, Art. V, Sec. 1: Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided in the Philippines for at least one year, and in the place wherein they propose to vote, for at least six months immediately preceding the election. No literacy, property, or other substantive requirement shall be imposed on the exercise of suffrage.
The Omnibus Election Code, Sec. 117: ...Any person who transfers residence to another city, municipality or country solely by reason of his occupation; profession; employment in private or public service; educational activities; work in military or naval reservations; service in the army, navy or air force; the constabulary or national police force; or confinement or detention in government institutions in accordance with law, shall be deemed not to have lost his original residence.
Source:
Constitution, Art. V, Sec. 1: http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/#article-v (2016);
The Omnibus Election Code ("Batas Pambansa Blg. 881, s. 1985"), Sec. 117: http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/OmnibusElectionCode/OECArt12 (2016)
|
2016/05/11
|
|
Poland
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
If, no later than on the day of vote, he has attained 18 years of age, Polish citizen shall have the right to participate in a referendum and the right to vote for the President of the Republic of Poland as well as representatives to the Sejm and Senate and organs of local government.
§ 9 Part B covers the electoral register of European Union citizens who are not Polish citizens,
permanently residing in the territory of the municipality and entitled to exercise voting rights in
the Polish Republic.
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2nd April, 1997, as amended in 2009, article 62 (1): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Poland_2009
Election Code: Act of 5 January 2011 on Election Code to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland, article 18 (9): https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/40/POL_Election%20Code.pdf
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
a. Citizenship
|
Article 49
(Right to vote)
1. Every citizen who has attained the age of eighteen years has the right to vote, subject to the incapacities
provided for in the general law.
2. The right to vote shall be exercised personally and constitutes a civic duty.
Article 1
Eligibility to vote
1 - Portuguese citizens over the age of eighteen years are eligible to vote.
2 - Portuguese who are also held to be citizens of another state do not lose the eligibility to vote
because of that fact.
Source:
Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Seventh Revision [2005], Article 49: https://ecnl.org/sites/default/files/files/2021/PortugalConstitution.pdf
Assembly of the Republic Electoral Law (Law No. 14/79 of May 16, 1979) as amended, Article 1:
https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/LeiEleitoralARen.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Any citizen of the United States and Puerto Rico who is legally domiciled in the island’s jurisdiction and who, by the date of a scheduled election event, has attained the age of 18 years, is duly qualified prior to said election event, and has not been declared mentally incompetent by a Court, shall be a voter in Puerto Rico.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico”, art. II (s. 2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-constitucion-1970/ ;
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”, art. 5.3: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Qatar
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2021-09-01/qatar-emir-approves-first-elections-law-for-legislative-elections/
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Romania
|
a. Citizenship
|
Article 36: (1) Every citizen having turned eighteen up to or on the election day shall have the right to vote.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Romania, amended in 2003, art. 36(1).https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Romania_2003?lang=en
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Russian Federation
|
a. Citizenship
|
2. A citizen of the Russian Federation who has attained the age of 18 as of voting day and who is the resident of an electoral district shall be entitled to elect deputies of the State Duma in the corresponding electoral district. A citizen who has attained the age of 18 on the voting day and has been registered at the place of a temporary residence at the territory of electoral district not less than 3 months before the voting day and who is included in the voter list in accordance with part 11 of Article 17 of this Law also has a right to elect deputies in this district.
Source:
Electoral Law: Federal Law On Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, amended as of April 5, 2016, article 4: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiz-9bZwf6EAxVX4skDHb15AeIQFnoECBEQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.te.gob.mx%2Fvota_elections%2Fpage%2Fdownload%2F16240&usg=AOvVaw3NYZOKj696lT-b9Q5THAwf&opi=89978449
|
2024/03/25
|
|
Rwanda
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Persons allowed to register on the voters’ register of a a village or of the embassy are all Rwandans of at least eighteen (18) years of age or those who will have attained it on the election day and who reside or temporarily stay in that village or in countries located in the territorial jurisdiction of that embassy.
Source:
Law governing elections in Rwanda Chapter 1 article 10. http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-organic-law-nb0-17-2003-of-07-07-2003/view
|
2024/12/04
|
|
Réunion
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Saint Helena
|
b. Period of Residence
d. Naturalization
|
Source:
Carol George, Office of the Chief Secretary, Saint Helena
|
2007/01/19
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Every Commonwealth citizen of the age of eighteen years or upwards who possesses such qualifications relating to residence or domicile in Saint Christopher and Nevis as Parliament may prescribe shall, unless he or she is disqualified by Parliament from registration as such, be entitled to be registered as a voter for the purpose of electing Representatives in one (but not more than one) constituency in accordance with the provisions of any law in that behalf and no other person may be registered as such.
Source:
Article 29, Constitution
|
2020/04/15
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Commonwealth citizen, resident of Saint Lucia and registered as voter.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 33
|
2012/01/26
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
A person is qualified to be registered as an elector for a polling district if he is a citizen of the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; if he is a Commonwealth citizen who has resided in San Vincent for a period not less than twelve months immediately prior to the qualifying date; and in either case has resided in that constituency for a period of not less than six months immediately preceding the qualifying date.
Source:
Constitution of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1979, Art 27(2)
|
2021/12/27
|
|
Samoa
|
a. Citizenship
|
A person is qualified to be registered as a voter is the person is (a) 21 years old or above; and (b) a Samoan citizen;
Source:
The Electoral Act 2019, Article 14: https://www.palemene.ws/wp-content/uploads/Electoral-Act-2019-Eng.pdf (2021)
|
2021/04/09
|
|
San Marino
|
a. Citizenship
c. Citizenship of Parents
|
Source:
Electoral law N.6 of 31 January 1996, Art. 1, 3: http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21801leggi_5336.pdf (2012);
Constitution, Art. 7, (Available on the Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm)
|
2012/05/28
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
Electoral Law of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe n.º 11/90 of 26 November 1990, as amended (latest amendment - 2006), art. 2, 6, 8: http://www.stj.st/download/Lei_Eleitoral.pdf (2016);
Constitution, Art. 57: http://www.gov.st/data/filestorage/docs/constistp.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
g. Not applicable
|
There are no provisions for direct national elections, since it is the King who appoints the members of the Shura Council. Only municipal elections are held in Saudi Arabia.
Source:
Shura Council Law: http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Laws+and+Regulations/The+Shura+Council+and+the+rules+and+regulations+job/Shura+Council+Law/ (2012);
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Senegal
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
|
Suffrage may be direct or indirect. It is always universal, equal, and secret.
All Senegalese nationals of both sexes, who are 18 years old, enjoying their civil and political rights, are electors within the conditions determined by the law.
Source:
Constitution 2012, art. 3 (4): http://www.assemblee-nationale.sn/images/stories/PDF/constitution_du_senegal.pdf (2013);
English: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2009?lang=en (2017)
Electoral Code 2012, art. L.26, L.27: http://www.elections2012.sn/images/stories/CE2012.pdf (2013)
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Serbia
|
a. Citizenship
|
Every citizen of age and working ability of the Republic of Serbia shall have the right to vote and be elected.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, art. 52.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/constitution-of-the-republic-of-serbia-2006/view
|
2022/07/18
|
|
Seychelles
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Any Seychellois citizen, who is at least 18 years of age, is in possession of National Identity Card, and has resided for at least three months in a given electoral area in the Seychelles prior to the date of registration, is entitled to register as a voter.
Source:
- Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011), art. 114
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view /
- EISA Pre-election Assessment Mission report on Seychelles 2015 Presidential election http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-pre-election-assessment-mission-report/view
|
2025/02/28
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Every citizen of Sierra Leone being eighteen years of age and above and of sound mind shall have the right to vote, and accordingly shall be entitled to be registered as a voter for the purposes of public elections and referenda.
Every person who has attained the age of eighteen years or who will on the date of the holding of the next election have attained the age of eighteen years and is ordinarily resident in a ward, is entitled to be registered as a voter in that ward and, when so registered, to vote at an election in that ward.
Source:
Constitution (2008), art. 31: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-constitution-2008/;
The Public Elections Act (2012), art. 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-the-public-elections-act-2012-1/
|
2017/01/13
|
|
Singapore
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Any person who on the prescribed date in any year is a citizen of Singapore; is ordinarily resident in Singapore; and is not less than 21 years of age,shall be entitled to have his/her name entered or retained in a register of electors in that year.
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act, art. 5 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/SG/singapore-parliamentary-elections-act-2011/view (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Slovakia
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Section 2
(1): A person has the right to vote in elections for the National Council of the Slovak Republic (in this Act referred to as "the right to vote") if he or she (an "elector") is a citizen of the Slovak Republic and is at least eighteen years old on polling day.
(2) A person is disqualified from exercising the right to vote if he or she is:
a) subject to restrictions on personal freedom imposed by law for the protection of public health,[1]or
b) serving a prison sentence,[2]or
c) deprived of legal capacity.[3]
Source:
Act On Elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic, Section 2
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SK/slovakia-municipalities-election-law-1990/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Slovenia
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
National Assembly Elections Act, article 7.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SI/national-assembly-elections-act/view
|
2017/03/30
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Art. 55 (1):
1. Subject to the provisions of this section, a person shall be entitled to be
registered as an elector if, and shall not be so entitled for registration unless—
a. he is a citizen of Solomon Islands; and
b. he has attained the age of eighteen years.
Art. 55 (2):
2. No person shall be entitled to be registered as an elector—
a. in more than one constituency; or
b. in any constituency in which he is not ordinarily resident.
Source:
Constitution of 1978, Art. 55 (1, 2): https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_Islands_2014.pdf?lang=en.
|
2019/03/01
|
|
Somalia
|
a. Citizenship
|
Every citizen who fulfils the criteria stated in the electoral law that shall be enacted by the Federal Parliament has the right to elect and to be elected.
Source:
Transitional Constitution of 2012, Art. 22: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
|
2016/11/25
|
|
South Africa
|
a. Citizenship
|
If satisfied that a person’s application for registration complies with this Act, and that the person is a South African citizen and is at least 18 years of age, the chief electoral officer must register that person as a voter by making the requisite entries in the voters’ roll.
Source:
Electoral Act of 1998 (as amended to 2013), Section 8(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-electoral-act-73-of-1998-as-amended/view
|
2019/05/20
|
|
South Sudan
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
e) In addition, eligible voters should be of sound mind and should be registered in the Electoral Register. Registration in the Electoral Register requires that the eligible voter has been a resident in the geographical constituency of South Sudan for a period not less than 3 months before the date of closure of the Electoral Register or originates from the geographical constituency.
Eligible voters shall satisfy the following conditions: (d) be of sound mind.
Source:
National Elections Act 2012, art. 33, 34 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SS/south-sudan-the-national-elections-act-no.-39-of/view
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Spain
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General”, arts. 2, 31 & 176:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-ley-organica-5-1985-de-19-de-junio-del-1/
|
2025/04/02
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
a. Citizenship
|
No person shall be qualified to be an elector at an election of the President, or of the Members of Parliament or to vote at any Referendum, if he is subject to any of the following disqualifications, namely –
(a) if he is not a citizen of SriLanka;
(b) if he has not attained the age of eighteen years on the qualifying date specified by law under the provisions of Article 101
Source:
Constitution, Art. 89: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LK/sri-lanka-constitution-as-amended-up-to-9/at_download/file
|
2016/02/04
|
|
Sudan
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
e) In addition, voters must be of sound mind and enjoy all their civil and political rights.
In order to register in the electoral registry, eligible citizens must be residents in the geographical constituency at least for three months before the date of closure of the register.
Source:
The Interim National Constitution of 2005, art. 41: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ba749762.html (2012);
The National Elections Act 2008, art. 21, 22 (2): http://www.gurtong.org/ResourceCenter/documents/Reports/Elections-09/nationalelectionsact2008.pdf (2012)
|
2012/09/04
|
|
Suriname
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 57: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Suriname/english.html (2012);
Electoral Law of 1987, Art. 3: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Electoral/Sur/suriname.html (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Swaziland
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
A person is qualified to be registered as avoter if.. that person... is a citizen of or is ordinarily resident in Swaziland.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 88 (1).
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Sweden
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
To be entitled to vote a person must be registered on an electoral roll. Voting rights to Riksdag elections are reserved for all Swedish citizens who are, or have at some time been, registered residents of Sweden. Voting rights in county council and municipal assembly elections are reserved for Swedish citizens who are registered residents of Sweden within the county or municipality. Citizens of any Member State of the European Union and citizens of Iceland and Norway are entitled to vote under the same conditions. Citizens of other states are entitled to vote if they have been registered residents of Sweden for three consecutive years on Election Day.
Source:
Electoral Law of 2005, Ch. 5, Section 3, 4, 5: http://www.val.se/pdf/2005_elections_act.pdf (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
a. Citizenship
|
a) Swiss citizenship
Source:
Constitution, Art. 136 (1): https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/201506140000/101.pdf (2015)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
IPU Parline database:
http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2307.htm
|
2014/06/03
|
|
Tajikistan
|
a. Citizenship
|
Citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan, who have attained the age of 18 by the time of elections, have the right to vote irrespective of their nationality, race, sex, language, religion, political belonging, social status, education and property.
In Majlisi Milli and Majlisi Namoyandagon are appointed and elected citizens who meet the requirements of the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan and the present Law and residing in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan not less than five last years.
Persons recognized incapable or kept in places of detention by decision of a court do not have the right to participate in elections.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, amended as of May 22, 2016, art. 6.
|
2025/02/19
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
a. Citizenship
|
Every citizen of the United Republic who has attained the age of eighteen years is entitled to vote in any election held in Tanzania.
Source:
Constitution, art. 5 (1): http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Tanzania.pdf (2013);
|
2015/10/26
|
|
Thailand
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
d. Naturalization
e. Other
|
A person having the following qualifications has the right to vote at an election:
(1) Being of Thai nationality; provided that a person who has acquired Thai nationality by naturalization must hold the Thai nationality for not less than five years;
(2) Being not less than eighteen years of age on 1st January of the year of the election; and
(3) Having his or her name appears on the house register in the constituency for not less than ninety days up to the date of the election.
Source:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, Sec. 95:
https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2017-05/CONSTITUTION+OF+THE+KINGDOM+OF+THAILAND+(B.E.+2560+(2017)).pdf
|
2023/10/04
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Every citizen over the age of seventeen has the right to vote and to be elected.
The following are not granted active electoral capacity:
a) Individuals judicially disabled due to a sentence imposed by a court of law;
b) Individuals clearly and publicly known as mentally ill even where they are not judicially
disabled.
Source:
Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, article 47: https://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf
Law no. 7/2011, Law on the Election of the National Parliament, article 5: https://mj.gov.tl/jornal/lawsTL/RDTL-Law/RDTL-Laws/Law%20no.%207_2011%20Second%20Amendment%20to%20Law%206-2006%20of%20December%20%20Law%20on%20the%20Election%20of%20the%20National%20Parliament.pdf
|
2024/10/02
|
|
Togo
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
The electorate consists of all Togolese citizens of both sexes, aged eighteen (18) years of age, in full possession of their civil and political rights.
Source:
Electoral Code No. 2000-07 as amended, art. 51: http://www.ifes.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Election%20Law/2005/IFES_19/EL00062.pdf (2013);
Constitution, art. 5: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,TGO,456d621e2,48ef43c72,0.html (2013)
|
2013/01/03
|
|
Tokelau
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Article 3:Qualification of voters
A person is qualified to be a voter in elections for the General Fono if on 31 December of the year preceding the election that person –
(i) is at least 18 years of age, and
(ii) has been a resident in Tokelau for at least 6 consecutive months in the preceding 12 months, and
(iii) is neither a permanent resident in Tokelau nor a New Zealand citizen but has resided in Tokelau for at least one year prior to the election.
Source:
National Elections Rules 2013, Article 3
http://www.paclii.org/tk/legis/consol_act_2016/ner2013241/
|
2020/01/22
|
|
Tonga
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
d. Naturalization
e. Other
|
Every Tongan upon attaining the age of 21 years shall, unless disqualified under clause 64 of the Constitution, within 3 months of attaining that age or within 3 months of his return to the Kingdom if not already registered or within 3 months of becoming a naturalised Tongan subject, apply to the Supervisor in Form 1 of the Schedule to be entered on the roll for the constituency in which he has been resident for the period of 3 months before his application for registration. An application in Form 1 shall include a recent photograph of the applicant. Upon the registration of any elector, the Supervisor shall issue a certificate in Form 2 of the Schedule.”.
Source:
Constitution of Tonga, Art. 23, 64: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/Tonga%20Act%20of%20Constitution%201988.pdf/view (2021);
Electoral Act (as amended in 2010), Art. 4 (3): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/tonga-electoral-amendment-act-2010/view (2021)
|
2021/09/15
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
A citizen of Trinidad and Tobago must have a period of residence of at least two months in an electoral district before the beginning of the electoral registration. Commonwealth citizens must have resided in Trinidad and Tobago for at least one year.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”, Section 51: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act”, Section 12: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-rop-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Tunisia
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
All Tunisian nationals who will be at least 18 years old by election day are entitled to vote, provided that they are listed in the Voter Register, enjoy full civil and political rights, and are not subject to any of the forms of disenfranchisement.
Source:
The Constitution of 26 January 2014, art. 54: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-constitution-of-26-january-2014/view (2014);
Organic Law n° 2014-16 of 26 May 2014 on Elections and Referenda, art. 5: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/view (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
a. Citizenship
|
Every Turkish citizen over 18 years of age has the right to vote in elections and to take part in referenda.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 67: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
a. Citizenship
|
The citizens of Turkmenistan, having reached the age of 18, have the right to vote.
Source:
Constitution of Turkmenistan (2008), art. 89: http://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/constitutions/country/51 (2013);
Law of Turkmenistan on Elections of Deputies of the Mejlis of Turkmenistan (2008), art. 2;
Law on Elections of the President of Turkmenistan (2011), art. 3 (1)
|
2013/03/05
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
A person must have attained the age of eighteen years and meet the established period of residence.
Source:
Constitution: “The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands”, Section 55: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-constitution-2014/ ;
Electoral Law: “Elections Ordinance”, Section 3: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-elections-ordinance-2018/
|
2020/10/08
|
|
Tuvalu
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
In addition to citizenship, the electoral district in which one registers may be determined by either a residency requirement of two years within the previous three years or land ownership, in addition to involvement with the activities of the indigenous community of that district. However, if one does not meet these requirements in any electoral district, that person may still register to vote.
Source:
Constitution, art. 90-91; Electoral Provisions (Parliamentary) Act as amended, art. 5 (2-4)
|
2012/06/19
|
|
Uganda
|
a. Citizenship
|
(1) Every citizen of Uganda of eighteen years of age or above has a
right to vote.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 59 (1): http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf (2016)
|
2016/02/08
|
|
Ukraine
|
a. Citizenship
|
Citizens of Ukraine who have attained the age of eighteen on the day elections and referenda are held, have the right to vote.
Source:
Constitution (last amended 2016), art. 70
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/474-14
|
2019/03/11
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
e. Other
|
Each Emirate shall be free to determine the method of selection of the citizens representing it in the Federal National Council, as well as the legal qualifications for voters.
Source:
Constitution, art. 69: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Arab_Emirates_2004.pdf(2015)
|
2019/09/25
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
a) Commonwealth citizenship;
e) Registration in the register of parliamentary electors for that constituency;
Not subject to any legal incapacity to vote
Source:
Representation of the People Act 1983, Art. 1
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/2/contents/data.pdf
|
2025/06/16
|
|
United States of America
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
To vote: you must be 18 years or older on Election Day, be a U.S. citizen, meet your state's residency requirements, and register by your state's registration deadline.
North Dakota is the only state that does not require voter registration.
Source:
https://www.usa.gov/who-can-vote
|
2024/10/15
|
|
Uruguay
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Foreigners of good conduct can vote provided that they have at least 15 years of residence, they work or they posses capital or property in the country.
Source:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, art. 77, 78, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
|
2024/12/18
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
a. Citizenship
|
Article 128: Citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote.
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chapter 22, Article 128: https://constitution.uz/en/clause/index#section23
|
2024/08/22
|
|
Vanuatu
|
a. Citizenship
|
A person shall be eligible for registration in the electoral list for the polling district in which he is a resident at the time of the preparation of the electoral list if he –
(a) is a citizen; and
(b) will have attained 18 years on or before the qualifying date
Source:
Representation of the People Act, art. 9(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
|
2016/01/26
|
|
Venezuela
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Be registered in the Electoral Roll.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela”, art. 64: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-constitucion-reforma-2009/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica de Procesos Electorales”, art. 29: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-ley-organica-procesos-electorales-2009/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
Viet Nam
|
a. Citizenship
|
All citizens of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, irrespective of their ethnicity, sex, social standing, belief, religion, educational level, occupation, length of residence, who have attained the age of full eighteen years and over shall have the right to vote. Each voter can register his/her name only in the list in the place where he/she is permanently or temporarily residing.
Source:
Constitution of 1992 as amended, art. 54:
http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=10450 (2016);
Law of 1997 on Election of Deputies to the National Assembly, as amended and supplemented by laws No. 31/2001/QH10 and No: 63/2010/QH12, art. 2, 22: http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/lists/vn%20bn%20php%20lut/view_detail.aspx?itemid=2526 (2016)
|
2021/03/24
|
|
Virgin Islands, British
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
e. Other
|
Qualifications of voters
68.—(1) Subject to subsection (3), a person shall be qualified to be registered as a voter for the purposes of elections if, and shall not be so qualified unless, he or she belongs to the Virgin Islands and on the qualifying date has attained the age of eighteen years and he or she either—
(a) is domiciled and resident in the Virgin Islands on the qualifying date; or
(b) on that date is domiciled in the Virgin Islands and resident in the United States Virgin Islands.
Source:
The Virgin Islands Constitution Order 2007, Article 68(1)
http://www.bvi.gov.vg/sites/default/files/constitution.pdf
|
2019/02/21
|
|
Virgin Islands, U.S.
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
d. Naturalization
|
Source:
Election System of Virgin Islands, (http://www.vivote.gov)
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Wallis and Futuna
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Source:
Electoral Code, paragraph 4, 34 and 35.
|
2004/01/15
|
|
Western Sahara
|
f. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Yemen
|
a. Citizenship
d. Naturalization
|
Source:
General Elections and Referendum Law of 2001, art. 3: http://www.scer.org.ye/english/generalelectionslaw.htm (2012);
Constitution, art. 64 (1): http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/category,LEGAL,,,YEM,3fc4c1e94,0.html (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
Zambia
|
a. Citizenship
e. Other
|
Subject to the provisions of section seven, every person shall be qualified for registration as a voter in direct elections who—
(a) is a citizen of Zambia;
(b) has attained the age of eighteen years; and
(c) is in possession of a national registration card.
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act, art. 5 & 7.
http://www.elections.org.zm/media/electoral__act_2006.pdf (2016)
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZM/zambia-constitution-amendment-act-nb02-of-2016/view
|
2022/01/18
|
|
Zanzibar
|
a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
|
Any person who is ordinarily resident of a particular constituency shall be registered as voter of that constituency.
Source:
Electoral Act No. 11 of 1984 as amended, art. 11, 12 (3);
The Constitution of Zanzibar as amended, art. 7
http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tz/tz028en.pdf (2016)
http://www.temco.udsm.ac.tz/images/stories/Electral_Laws/ZANZIBAR-ELECTION-ACT-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/04/05
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
a. Citizenship
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Zimbabwe (2013), Section 67 (2)
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Zimbabwe_2013
|
2023/09/25
|
