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Boundary Delimitation
BD001
Delimitation of constituencies
Question: Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
Answer:
b . No, existing regional/provincial/other boundaries are used
Comments: In addition to national, district and provincial constituencies, the law foresees special constituencies overseas.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 118: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 150 & 151: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
BD003
Criteria for drawing boundaries
Question: On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
Answer(s):
d . Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
Comments: Electoral constituencies with 8-12 representatives will be subdivided into two constituencies; those with 13-18 representatives will be subdivided into three constituencies; and those with 19 or more will be subdivided into four constituencies. Specifically, special constituencies overseas will be created with at least 300 Ecuadorian citizens, whom have to reside at the suggested area.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 150 & 151: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
BD005
Body responsible for drawing boundaries
Question: The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is:
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments: The National Electoral Council (CNE) has the authority for zoning electoral areas abroad in coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility and the Consular Offices to facilitate Ecuadorian citizens’ voting right.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 150 & 151: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
Electoral Systems
ES001
Head of State
Question: How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s):
a . Head of State is the Head of Government c . Directly elected in general elections (absolute majority with 2nd round if necessary)
Comments: The President is both the Head of State and the Head of Government. A second round of voting shall not be necessary if one candidate has obtained at least 40% of the valid votes and a 10-point lead over the nearest contender.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 141 & 143: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/
Verified: 2025/03/13
ES002
Head of Government
Question: How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer:
b . Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
Comments: The President is both the Head of State and the Head of Government.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 141 & 143: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/
Verified: 2025/03/13
ES003
President
Question: Does the country have a president?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: The President is elected for a four-year term and can run for re-election.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 144: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/
Verified: 2025/03/13
ES004
Number of Chambers
Question: The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer:
a . One chamber
Comments:
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 118: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/
Verified: 2025/03/13
ES005
Electoral System (Chamber 1)
Question: What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):
g . List Proportional Representation
Comments: In 2017, 137 members will integrate the National Assembly: 15 elected from a nationwide constituency; 116 from the provinces; and 6 representatives elected at the special constituencies overseas.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 118: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 120, 160: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
Legislative Framework
LF001
Status of Electoral Law
Question: What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Part of Constitution b . Separate legislation d . Regulations or administrative rules
Comments: The Organic Law on Elections and Political Organizations, also referred to as Democracy Code, rules over electoral issues.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 217–224: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/ ;
Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
Verified: 2025/03/13
LF002
Question: What is the date of the latest version of the national electoral law (including latest amendments)?
Answer:
a . January 2000 or later
Comments: Modified by Law N¡ 2002-76, published the 08.08.2002.
Source: Organic Law of Elections
Verified: 2004/02/23
LF003
Electoral Law covers
Question: The national electoral law covers:
Answer(s):
a . National elections b . Regional elections c . Local elections d . Referendums e . Other
Comments: The electoral law also covers direct democracy procedures for constitutional amendments, referenda and recalls.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 2, 4, 89, 90: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
LF004
Compulsory/voluntary voting
Question: Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
Answer(s):
b . Voting is compulsory and regulated in the electoral law c . Voting is compulsory and regulated in the constitution
Comments: Those who fail to vote must pay a fine. Voting is only optional for people between 16 and 18 years old, elderly persons over 65 years old, Ecuadorians who live abroad, members of the Armed Forces and the National Police Force, persons with disabilities and illiterates.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 62: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 11, 292: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
LF005
Question: Are there provisions in the law which permit or require regional and/ or local election (s) to be held on the same day as national elections?
Answer:
b . National elections are held on the same day as regional and local elections
Comments: The third Sunday of October each four years is carried out Presidential Elections, Andean Parliament, Deputies to the National Congress and minorities of Provincial Consultants or Municipal Councilman.
The third Sunday of October, two years after the previous one, is carried out elections of Provincial Prefects, Cantonal Mayors, majorities of Provincial Consultants, Municipal Councilman and of Members of the Rural Parochial Meetings.
Source: Organic Law Elections, Arts.46 and 49.
Verified: 2006/11/17
LF006
Question: Are there provisions in the law which permit or require presidential election (s) to be held on the same day as national legislative elections?
Answer(s):
b . Presidential elections are held on the same day as national legislative elections
Comments: The third Sunday of October each four years is carried out Presidential elections, Parliamentarian and the minority of Municipal Town Councils.
Source: Organic Law of Elections, Art.46
Verified: 2003/09/08
LF007
Electoral Disputes Agency(ies)
Question: What are the agency(ies) responsible for the first level of formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s):
c . Specially Appointed/Elected Electoral Tribunal
Comments: The Electoral Contentious Tribunal.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 221: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 61, 70: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
LF008
Question: If the agency(ies) which settles formal disputes is/are specially appointed/elected; by whom?
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Organic Law Elections, Art.22
Verified: 2003/08/04
LF009
Question: Who has the right to submit cases to the person or agency(ies)which settles formal disputes?
Answer(s):
a . Candidates b . Parties
Comments: Through the Art.96 of the Organic Law of Elections.
The Regulation to the Law of Elections that is effective was published in the supplement of the Official Registration N¡39 of date March,20.2000.
Source: Organic Law of Elections, Art.96 and Arts.71 and 79 of Regulate to the Organic Law of Elections.
Verified: 2006/11/17
LF010
Question: What body(ies) is the final appellate authority for formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s):
a . Electoral Management Body
Comments: The Electoral Supreme Tribunal.
Source: Organic Law of Elections, Art.90; Title IV, Chapters I and II of General Regulation of the Organic Law of Elections and Art.87 of Regulate to the Organic Law of Elections.
Verified: 2003/11/25
LF011
Question: Which body(ies) proposes electoral reforms?
Answer(s):
a . Election Management Body b . Legislative Committee e . Legislature f . Other
Comments: The initiative in the presentation of electoral reforms it corresponds at President of the Republic, Deputies, Supreme Court, Commission of Legislation and Codification, and in these matters also to the Electoral Supreme Tribunal. It should also be considered the popular initiative.
Source: Political Constitution, Arts.144,145 and 146
Organic Law of Elections, Art.21
Verified: 2006/11/17
Electoral Management
EM002
Responsibility of national EMB
Question: Does the national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
Answer(s):
a . National level b . Regional level c . Local level
Comments: It is also responsible for rural parish elections as well as for those of the representatives before the Andean Parliament.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 118: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 25 (23), 89, 90: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
EM004
EMB budget determined by
Question: The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
Answer(s):
c . The legislature
Comments: The National Electoral Council and the Electoral Contentious Tribunal are responsible for the elaboration and management of their budgets, which are included in the General State Budget adopted by the National Assembly.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 219 (7), 221 (3), 294: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 18, 25 (10), 70 (11): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
EM005
EMB expenditures controlled by
Question: The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
Answer(s):
c . The legislature
Comments: The General State Comptroller is an independent technical body responsible for monitoring the use of State resources.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 296: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/
Verified: 2025/03/13
EM006
Term of EMB members
Question: The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
Answer:
b . For a specified number of years
Comments: The National Electoral Council and the Electoral Contentious Tribunal shall each be comprised of five members, who serve a six-year term.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 218, 220: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 24, 33, 63: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
EM012
Electoral Management model
Question: What is the Electoral Management model?
Answer:
b . Independent
Comments:
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 217: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 18: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
EM013
Number of EMB members
Question: The EMB is composed of:
Answer:
a . 1 - 10 members (specify)
Comments: The National Electoral Council and the Electoral Contentious Tribunal shall each be comprised of five members, who serve a six-year term.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 218, 220: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 24, 33, 63: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
EM014
Membership based on
Question: The EMB members/commissioners are selected on the basis of their:
Answer:
b . Expertise
Comments: To become a member of the National Electoral Council, it is required to be an Ecuadorian citizen and be in full possession of their political rights.
In order to become member of the Electoral Contentious Tribunal, it is required to be an Ecuadorian citizen, be in full possession of their political rights, to hold a university degree in law (legally recognized in the country) and to have served with proven integrity the professions of lawyer, judge or academic professor of law for a minimum of ten years.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 20: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
EM015
Question: The EMB members/commissioners are selected by:
Answer(s):
i . Other
Comments: The Council of Citizen Participation and Social Control shall appoint the members of the National Electoral Council and the Electoral Contentious Tribunal, from those selected through a public competition.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 224: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 20: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
Voter Education
VE001
Information campaigns performed by
Question: Who conducts information campaigns for national elections (informing where, when and how to register and/or vote)?
Answer(s):
a . National Electoral Management Body
Comments: The National Electoral Council.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 25 (16 & 17): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
VE002
Frequency of voter education programs
Question: At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
Answer:
a . Continuously
Comments:
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 25 (16 & 17): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
VE003
National civic education
Question: Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
Answer(s):
b . Yes, conducted by the National Electoral Management Body
Comments:
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 25 (17): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
VE004
Question: What types of voter education activities were carried out at the most recent national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Poster/ Billboard campaigns b . Media advertisement c . Simulation exercises g . Internet
Comments:
Source: Electoral Supreme Tribunal
Verified: 2003/09/08
VE005
Question: What types of civic education activities were carried out at the most recent national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Poster/ Billboard campaigns b . Media advertisement c . Simulation exercises e . Public meetings h . Handouts (printed material)
Comments:
Source: Electoral Supreme Tribunal
Verified: 2003/09/08
VE006
Question: Special voter education programs were developed at the most recent national elections for:
Answer(s):
a . Disabled b . Young people/ first time voters c . Women d . Ethnic minorities e . Indigenous groups f . Illiterates
Comments:
Source: Electoral Supreme Tribunal
Verified: 2003/09/08
Voter Registration
VR001
Voting age
Question: What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
Answer:
a . 16
Comments: The vote is mandatory for 18-year old Ecuadorians and optional for people between 16 and 18 years old, and elders more than 65 years old.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 62: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 11: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
VR002
Other voting requirements
Question: Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Citizenship b . Period of Residence
Comments: Foreign persons who have legally resided in Ecuador for at least 5 years are also granted the right to vote.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 62 & 63: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 11: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
VR003
Question: What restrictions on registering to vote and voting exist in the country?
Answer(s):
a . Criminal Incarceration d . Mental disability e . Military Service h . Other
Comments: Besides those enunciated, they are restricted for their inscription those people that have lost the nationality, those sanctioned with suspension of political laws and those that are in judicial interdiction. The military service, not alone when has the character of obligatory (20 years of age), but rather also for all the members of the public force that are in active service.
Source: Organic Law of Elections, Art.38
Verified: 2003/11/25
VR004
Authority responsible for voter registration
Question: Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
Answer:
d . Election Management Body (specify)
Comments: The National Electoral Council, in coordination with the Civil Registry, shall organize and prepare the electoral roll for voters living in the country and abroad.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 219 (12): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 25 (15), 78: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
VR005
Question: What is the registration method for national elections?
Answer:
a . National citizens register
Comments: The Electoral Supreme Tribunal elaborates the National Citizens Register signed up in the Civil Registration of Identification and it upgrades them and it purifies of agreement with the information provided by the Civil Registration of Identification.
Source: Organic Law of Elections, Arts. 4,36 and following
Verified: 2003/09/09
VR006
Question: How frequently is the voters register updated?
Answer:
a . Continuously
Comments: The General Direction of the Civil Registration and Identification, give to the Electoral Supreme Tribunal daily the list of sign up citizens.
Source: Organic Law of Elections, Art.36 and following
Verified: 2003/11/25
VR007
Question: What methods are used to compile and update the voters register?
Answer(s):
g . Data matching with other agencies information j . Other
Comments: The General Direction of the Civil Registration and Identification have the obligation of to give the list of the citizens with identity card daily and to communicate the resolutions that suppress the names of died people. The citizens can also change their home or to upgrade data personally and in writting in the corresponding Electoral Provincial Tribunal.
Source: Law Code of Elections, Arts.39,40 and 41
Verified: 2003/11/25
VR008
Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Question: Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: A voter cannot vote unless listed in the electoral roll. However, an attendance certificate shall be provided.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 12, 50, 78, 80, 122: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
Parties and Candidates
PC001
Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 1)
Question: What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
a . Signature requirement (specify requirement) c . Regional distribution requirement f . Other
Comments: The application for inscription must be submitted before the Permanent National Registry of political organizations, along with its: foundation act; declaration of ideological principles; government plan; distinctive signs (symbols, acronyms and emblems); internal regulations; registration of permanent members with at least 1.5% of the total electoral roll; and proof of having a partisan structure in half of the provinces of the country.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 109: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 313–321: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
PC002
Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 2)
Question: What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s):
g . No information available
Comments: The National Congress consist in one chamber.
Source: Political Constitution, Art.126
Verified: 2003/11/27
PC003
Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 1)
Question: What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
a . Age b . Citizenship d . Residence f . Registration j . Other
Comments: Candidates must be at least 18 years old at the time of their nomination, be in full possession of their political rights, have been born or lived uninterruptedly in the corresponding constituency for at least two years and possess Ecuadorian citizenship.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 119: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 95 (2), 97: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
PC006
Question: What can disqualify a candidate at legislative elections?
Answer(s):
a . Current criminal incarceration f . Holding of military office g . Holding of government office k . Mental health problems n . Holding of other public offices (police etc.) o . Other
Comments: Besides those enumerated, also to be magistrate or judge of the judiciary, those that have carried out executive activities in "de facto" government and in general, the loss of the possession of civil rights.(It is nacessary to point out that there is disposition prohibiting the candidacy to any dignity of popular election, and the causal ones are enumerated in the Art.101 of the Political Constitution).
Also in general for all candidacy that has to be inscribed by the electoral authority that should confirm that the candidates gather all the requirements pointed out in the law. Consequently, the case doesn't exist of disqualifying a candidate but rather the candidate doesn't register.
Source: Political Constitution, Arts.28 and 101
Code Law of Elections, Art.38
Verified: 2006/11/15
PC007
Question: What can disqualify a candidate at presidential elections?
Answer(s):
a . Current criminal incarceration f . Holding of military office g . Holding of government office k . Mental health problems n . Holding of other public offices (police etc.) p . Other
Comments: Apart from signal ones, also to be wife, son or brother of the President in exercise; magistrate of judge of the judiciary; those that have carried out executive activities in "de facto" government and all those that have lost the possession of the Civil Rights.
(It is also applied the explanation of the previous question)
Source: Political Constitution, Arts.28,101 and 166
Organic Law of Elections, Art.38
Verified: 2006/11/15
PC008
Independent candidates
Question: Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
Answer(s):
e . In both presidential and legislative elections
Comments: A political party, movement or alliance can nominate independent and non-affiliated candidates.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 94: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
PC009
Question: If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 1), what are the registration requirements?
Answer(s):
a . Signature requirement (specify)
Comments: It should present an equivalent patronage of signatures to 1% of the registered voters, except for the political movements that in the last two general elections reached the 0.05% of the valid votes.
Source: Organic Law of Elections, Art.72
Verified: 2003/09/25
PC010
Question: If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 2), what are the registration requirements?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments: The National Congress consist in one chamber.
Source: Political Constitution, Art.126
Verified: 2003/09/25
PC011
Question: If independent candidates can compete in presidential elections, what are the registration requirements?
Answer(s):
a . Signature requirement (specify)
Comments: It should present an equivalent back of signatures to 1% of the registered voters, except for the independent political movements that in the last two elections reached 0.05% of the valid votes, and the candidate should also present his action plan.
Source: Political Constitution, Art.98
Organic Law Elections, Arts.64 and 72
Verified: 2006/11/15
PC012
Public funding of parties
Question: Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
Answer(s):
b . Direct c . Indirect
Comments: Public funding will include all printed, radio, television and billboard campaign propaganda, as well as economic contributions, when the political organizations get: 4% of the votes cast in two successive multi-member elections; three representatives to the National Assembly; 8% of municipalities; or one councilor in each of, at least, 10% of the country’s districts.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 110: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 202, 208, 215, 355, 358: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
PC013
Question: If political parties receive direct/indirect public funding, when do they receive this?
Answer(s):
c . As related to the election period and between elections
Comments: The State contributes to the financing of the parties by means of the Permanent in Favor Fund, and in years of elections, the General Budget of the Nation contemplates another part for the reinstatement of the Electoral Expense. The tributary excuses are permanent.
Source: Code Organic Law of Political Parties, Arts.32,59 and 60
Verified: 2003/10/15
PC014
Question: If political parties receive indirect public funding, identify the type of funding:
Answer(s):
b . Tax credits
Comments: Exempt tributary
Source: Code Organic Law of Political Parties, Art.32
Verified: 2003/10/15
PC015
Question: What is the basis of the public funding?
Answer(s):
a . Equal funding, regardless of size and previous performance b . Based on result of previous election c . Based on current legislative representation
Comments: Indirect funding will be equal. The resources coming from the General State Budget will be allocated by the National Electoral Council as follows: 50% of the funding is distributed equally to political parties or movements; 35% is distributed according to the number of votes obtained by each political organization in the last multi-member elections; and the remaining 15% is allocated to the Institute of Electoral Research and Political Analysis.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 202, 203, 205, 355, 358: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
PC016
Question: If political parties receive public funding, what is the specified purpose?
Answer(s):
a . General party administration b . Election campaign activities
Comments: The objetives of the government funding are the general administration of the parties and the activities of the electoral campaigns.
Source: Political Constitution, Art.114
Code Organic Law of Political Parties, Arts.59 and 60
Verified: 2006/11/15
PC017
Question: Are political parties entitled to private funding?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: Political organizations are entitled to private funding from the following sources: the contributions of their members or those that candidates themselves provide (not exceeding 10% of the maximum amount of electoral expenses); donations in cash or in kind by Ecuadorians or foreigners residing in Ecuador (not exceeding 5% of the maximum amount); and from revenues of their properties (not exceeding 50% of the maximum amount).
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 110: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 215, 216, 219, 221, 220, 359, 360: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
PC018
Question: If political parties are entitled to private funding, for what period?
Answer(s):
c . As related to the election period and between elections
Comments: They receive deprived financing in both periods, the legislation doesn't outline that limitation.
Source: Code Organic Law of Political Parties.
Verified: 2003/10/16
PC021
Question: Who is responsible for administering and enforcing party income/funding regulations at national level?
Answer(s):
a . National Electoral Management body
Comments: The control and trial of the electoral expense and of the electoral propaganda they will be in charge of the Electoral Supreme Tribunal in the case of the elections of national character and of the Electoral Provincial Tribunals in the rest of the cases.
Source: Organic Law of Control of Electoral Expense and Electoral Propaganda,
Art.8
Verified: 2006/11/15
Vote Counting
VC001
Question: What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
a . Single ballot (all registered parties listed) f . Same ballot papers used nationwide h . Party symbols in color j . Candidate photos in color r . Other
Comments: Besides the signal ones, they also take the name of the party, the name and the candidates number. The list is an alone one for each election according to the district that corresponds him. One stops Andean Parlamentarian and one for Consultants, Councilmen and Rural Parochial Meetings, varying the names that it corresponds to the district.
Source:
Verified: 2009/11/04
VC002
Question: What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s):
s . Not applicable
Comments: The Congress has alone one Chamber.
Source:
Verified: 2009/11/04
VC003
Question: What are the characteristics of ballots used at presidential elections?
Answer(s):
a . Single ballot (all registered parties/candidates listed) d . Categorical (only possible to make one mark) f . Same ballot papers used nation-wide h . Party symbols in color j . Candidate photos in color r . Other
Comments: Besides the signal ones, they also take the name of the party, the nsme and the candidates number. The list is an alone one for President and Vicepresident.
Source:
Verified: 2009/11/04
VC004
Votes are sorted/counted at
Question: Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
Answer:
a . The polling stations
Comments:
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 124: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
VC005
Question: What procedures are used in the initial count?
Answer(s):
a . Separate ballots for different elections b . Preliminary count of all ballots in ballot box c . Tally of voters who voted d . Number of ballots in box reconciled against number of voters e . Number of ballots reconciled against ballots initially received (minus spoilt and unused) f . Each ballot paper held up for public scrutiny, with name of party/candidate called out loud g . Single tallying as voters are being called out j . Sorted into piles according to individual party/candidate l . Counted by hand p . Copies of results of the count are publicly posted at the counting site immediately on the completion of the count s . Copies of results are provided to party agents
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2009/11/04
VC006
Question: Following the sorting and counting, to where are the results first transmitted for consolidation?
Answer(s):
f . Other
Comments: To the corresponding Electoral Provincial Tribunal (22 at national level), where they are carried out the consolidated scrutinies and the distribution of the Congress seats is made.
Source:
Verified: 2009/11/04
VC007
Question: At what levels are seats allocated?
Answer(s):
e . Other
Comments: Regarding national elections, the Andean Parliamentarian are awarded to national level, the Deputies and Provincial Consultants at provincial level, the Municipal Councilmen at communal level.
Source:
Verified: 2009/11/04
VC008
Question: How are the initial/preliminary polling results transmitted and communicated to the different levels?
Answer(s):
h . Other
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2009/11/04
VC009
Question: If the polling results are physically transported, what is transported?
Answer(s):
h . Other
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2009/11/04
VC011
When are ballots recounted?
Question: Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
Answer(s):
c . Automatically (triggered) recounted under certain conditions
Comments: If the National Electoral Council declares the vote-counting procedure invalid, a recount is conducted. The Electoral Board may order that the number of votes of a ballot box be verified when: an act is rejected by the counting computer system due to numerical inconsistency of the results; the minutes of the polling station are not signed by the President and the Secretary; the copy of the counting minutes provided by the polling station does not coincide with the minutes computed.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 138, 139, 145: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
VC012
Question: If automatically recounted, what is the trigger?
Answer:
e . Not applicable
Comments: There is always recount.
Source:
Verified: 2009/11/04
VC013
Question: If ballots are recounted by request, who can make the request?
Answer(s):
a . Political parties b . An individual candidate
Comments: As it has been pointed out previously, the denominated "recount" for the Ecuatorian legislation it is the provincial scrutiny, and inside that scrutiny and still after having proclaimed the results in the term of 48 hours, the political parties and the candidates, they can present objections and appeals.
Source:
Verified: 2009/11/04
VC014
Question: If recounted, who conducts the recount?
Answer(s):
a . National Election Management body b . Regional Election Management body
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2009/11/04
VC017
Question: Is there a legal requirement for the declaration of the officially certified results?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: The law says that the scrutinies, beginning at 21:00 hours the night of elections day, they should last at least 10 days, but being national election, specially in the areas more populated as Pichincha and Guayas, the official results delay much more, in the case of Guayas in 1998 delayed 34 days.
Source:
Verified: 2009/11/04
Media and Elections
ME037
Criteria for allocating free broadcast time
Question: What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
Answer(s):
a . Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
Comments: The State, through the budget of the National Electoral Council, will exclusively finance the campaign propaganda in the written press, radio, television and billboards of political organizations, which will not be able to pay for advertising in the media.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 115: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 202, 203, 205, 207, 358: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
ME059
Television debates
Question: Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
Answer(s):
a . Yes, in presidential elections
Comments:
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 118: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 202.2: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
ME062
Blackout period for release of opinion poll results.
Question: What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public?
Answer:
f . 10 or more days
Comments: Ten days prior to the election.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 206, 282: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
ME080
Question: Is there a maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: Political organizations will not be able to pay for advertising in the media.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 202: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2025/03/13
Direct Democracy
DD002
Direct Democracy Provisions (National Level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: The Organic Law on Citizen Participation foresees direct democracy procedures, such citizen’s initiative, referendum and recalls.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 106, 420, 441, 442: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana”, art. 5: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
Verified: 2025/03/13
DD003
Mandatory referendums (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: The approval of a constitutional reform requires a referendum, which must be supported by half plus one of the valid votes cast.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 442: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana”, art. 13: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
Verified: 2025/03/13
DD004
Optional referendums (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 106, 420, 441: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
Verified: 2025/03/13
DD005
Citizens' Initiatives (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments: The law foresees citizen initiatives for the creation, amendment or repeal of legal regulations before the Legislative Branch of Government or any other legislative body. It must be backed by, at least, 0.25% of those registered in the electoral roll of the corresponding jurisdiction.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 61 (3), 103, 104, 134 (5), 420, 441 (2), 442: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana” art. 6-18: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
Verified: 2025/03/13
DD006
Agenda Initiatives (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 61 (4), 103, 104, 106, 407, 438 (2), 444: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana” art. 19-24: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
Verified: 2025/03/13
DD007
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: The request for recall can be submitted after the first year and before the last year of the term of office for which the challenged authority was elected. The request for recall must be backed by a number accounting for no less than 10% of the persons registered in the corresponding electoral roll. In the case of the President of the Republic, the amount of signatures must account to no less than 15% of the persons registered in the electoral roll.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 61 (6), 105, 106: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana” art. 25-28: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
Verified: 2025/03/13
DD008
Question: What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for mandatory referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política:
Arts. 103 al 105
Verified: 2005/04/21
DD010
Question: What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for citizens' initiatives at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Art.105
Verified: 2005/04/22
DD012
Question: What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for recalls at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2005/04/22
DD015
Question: Who is responsible for managing the administration of direct democracy mechanisms at the national level?
Answer(s):
b . Independent electoral commission
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Art.105
Ley de Elecciones: Arts.115 al 119
Verified: 2005/04/25
DD016
Question: Does this agency/department also manage the administration of national elections?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Arts.116 y 209
Ley Orgánica de Elecciones: Arts.115 al 119
Verified: 2005/04/25
DD017
Question: Are mandatory referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
a . Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Arts., 103, 104 y 105
Verified: 2005/04/25
DD018
Question: Are optional referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2005/04/25
DD019
Question: Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
a . Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
Comments:
Source: Ambos por iniciativa popular y, por iniciativa del Consejo Provincial o del Consejo Cantonal, con el voto de las 3/4 partes de sus integrantes
Verified: 2005/04/25
DD020
Question: Are agenda initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
a . Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
Comments:
Source: Ley Orgánica de Elecciones: Arts., 119 al 123
Verified: 2005/04/25
DD021
Question: Are recalls currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
a . Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Arts., 109 al 113
Verified: 2005/04/25
DD022
Question: Are mandatory referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
a . Yes, in all municipalities/districts/communes
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Arts., 103 al 108
Verified: 2005/04/25
DD023
Question: Are optional referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2005/04/25
DD024
Question: Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
a . Yes, in all municipalities/districts/communes
Comments:
Source: Ley Orgánica de Elecciones: Arts., 119 al 123
Verified: 2005/04/25
DD025
Question: Are agenda initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2005/04/25
DD026
Question: Are recalls currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
a . Yes, in all municipalities/districts/communes
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Arts., 109 a 113
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD027
Question: What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are mandatory at the national level?
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional amendments h . Taxes and public expenditure commitments i . Other public policy issues
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Arts., 103 al 112
Ley Orgánica de Elecciones: Arts., 115 al 131
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD028
Question: What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are optional at the national level?
Answer(s):
k . None
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD029
Question: Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level?
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional amendments h . Taxes and public expenditure commitments
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Arts., 105 y 108
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD030
Question: Which issues, if any, maybe the subject of sub-national referendums regulated at the national level?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD031
Question: Who can initiate a referendum at the national level?
Answer(s):
c . President e . Registered electors
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Arts., 105 y 108
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD032
Question: Who is responsible for drafting the mandatory referendum question?
Answer(s):
c . President e . Registered electors
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD033
Question: Who is responsible for drafting the optional referendum question?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD034
Question: Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the mandatory referendum question?
Answer(s):
b . The numbers of the articles or paragraphs of the legal instruments to which changes are proposed c . An explanatory text d . The full text of the proposal
Comments:
Source: La Constitución y la ley definen porcentajes de firmas respecto del universo electoral, para propuestas de iniciativa ciudadana.
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD035
Question: Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the optional referendum question?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD036
Question: Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for mandatory referendums?
Answer(s):
b . Independent electoral commission
Comments:
Source: Ley Orgánica de Elecciones: Art.,127
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD037
Question: Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for optional referendums?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD040
Question: What are the requirements for mandatory referendums to pass?
Answer(s):
a . Simple majority (>50%)
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Art.,103
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD041
Question: What are the requirements for optional referendums to pass?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD042
Question: In which areas, if any, do regulatory provisions differ between a referendum and a national election? Tick all that apply and specify below in the comments section.
Answer(s):
f . Other
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Art.103
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD043
Question: When is the outcome of a mandatory referendum binding?
Answer:
a . Always
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Art.,103
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD045
Question: Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the citizens' initiative process at the national level?
Answer(s):
c . Other (specify)
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Art.,105
Verified: 2005/04/26
DD046
Question: Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the agenda initiative process at the national level?
Answer(s):
c . Other (specify)
Comments:
Source: web jcg.Madronal
La Democracia Directa en América Latina.
Abril de 2004.
Verified: 2005/04/28
DD047
Question: Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of a citizens' initiative at the national level?
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional amendments h . Taxes and public expenditure commitments
Comments:
Source: Constitución Política: Art.,105
Verified: 2005/04/28
DD048
Question: Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of an agenda initiative at the national level?
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional amendments h . Taxes and public expenditure commitments
Comments:
Source: Web Observatorio Electoral
Verified: 2005/04/28
DD129
Question: Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?
Answer:
a . Always binding
Comments:
Source: Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 106: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana” art. 18: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
Verified: 2025/03/13
DD130
Question: Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues?
Answer:
c . Both constitutional and other issues
Comments: The ratification of treaties can be requested by referendum.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 106, 420, 441, 442: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
Verified: 2025/03/13
DD131
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 104, 106, 245, 257, 398: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana”, art. 20, 21, 23: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
Verified: 2025/03/13
Voting Operations
VO003
Electors vote at
Question: Where can electors vote?
Answer(s):
a . At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections
Comments: Polling stations are responsible for receiving and counting the votes.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 43, 50, 78, 122: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2023/03/30
VO004
Voting outside the country is permitted for
Question: Who can vote from outside the country?
Answer(s):
b . Citizens residing outside the country
Comments: Ecuadorians abroad have the right to elect the President and Vice-President of the Republic, members of parliament representing Ecuadorian nationals abroad.
Source: Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 63: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 11, 13: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2023/03/30
VO005
Locations for voting outside of the country
Question: If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
Answer(s):
f . Other
Comments: Ecuadorians overseas vote over the Internet
Source: Regulations for Out-of-Country Voting over the Internet: “Reglamento de votación telemática en las circunscripciones especiales del exterior (2022)”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-reglamento-votacion-telematica-exterior-2022/
Verified: 2023/03/30
VO006
Question: Can people vote in advance of the designated national election day(s)?
Answer:
a . No
Comments: La ley determina el día en que se celebran las elecciones, hecho que se indica expresamente en la Convocatoria Electoral.
Source: Organic Law of Elections, Arts.45 and 46
Verified: 2003/11/27
VO007
Question: If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), how may they do so?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments: No se permite.
Source: Organic Law of Elections
Verified: 2003/10/16
VO008
Question: If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), specify who:
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments: No se permite.
Source: Organic Law of Elections
Verified: 2003/10/16
VO011
Voting method
Question: How do electors cast their votes?
Answer(s):
a . Manually marking of ballots d . Electronic voting machine
Comments: In single-member constituencies, voters will mark the box of the candidate or ticket of their preference. In multi-member constituencies, voters will mark the box of as much candidates as representatives are to be chosen either from one single list or from various lists.
Source: Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 109, 110, 113: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
Verified: 2023/03/30
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