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Malaysia

Disclaimer: This section of Comparative Data is not being updated. Users should be aware that data may be inaccurate. If you find inaccuracies please contact the ACE facilitators.

Boundary Delimitation

BD001

Delimitation of constituencies

Question:	Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:	For the election of members to the House of Representatives a unit of review shall be divided into constituencies. The total number of constituencies shall be equal to the number of members, so that one member shall be elected for each constituency, and of that total in the States of Malaya a number shall be allocated to each State.
Source:	Constitution, Art. 116: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

BD003

Criteria for drawing boundaries

Question:	On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
Answer(s):	a. "Equality" of population b. Respecting natural barriers c. Compactness of constituencies d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries e. Geographic size of district g. Other
Comments:	The following principles shall as far as possible be taken into account in dividing any unit of review into constituencies: (a) while having regard to the desirability of giving all electors reasonably convenient opportunities of going to the polls, constituencies ought to be delimited so that they do not cross State boundaries and regard ought to be had to the inconvenience of State constituencies crossing the boundaries of federal constituencies; (b) regard ought to be to the administrative facilities available within the constituencies for the establishment of the necessary registration and polling machines; (c) the number of electors within each constituency in a State ought to be approximately equal except that, having regard to the greater difficulty of reaching electors in the country districts and the other disadvantages facing rural constituencies, a measure of weight-age for area ought to be given to such constituencies; (d) regard ought to be had to the inconveniences attendant on alterations of constituencies, and to the maintenance of local ties.
Source:	Constitution, schedule 13, art. 2: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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BD005

Body responsible for drawing boundaries

Question:	The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is:
Answer(s):	e. Electoral Management Body (EMB)
Comments:	Where the Election Commission have provisionally determined to make recommendations affecting any constituency, they shall inform the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Prime Minister accordingly, and shall publish in the Gazette and in at least on newspaper circulating in the constituency a notice stating.
Source:	Constitution, schedule 13, art. 4: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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Electoral Systems

ES001

Head of State

Question:	How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s):	e. Elected by electoral college or committee
Comments:	There shall be a Supreme Head of the Federation, to be called the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, who shall take precedence over all persons in the Federation. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall be elected by the Conference of Rulers for a term of five years, but may at any time resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Conference of Rulers or be removed from office by the Conference of Rulers, and shall cease to hold office on ceasing to be a Ruler.
Source:	Constitution, art. 32: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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ES002

Head of Government

Question:	How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer:	e. Appointed
Comments:	The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) shall first appoint as Perdana Menteri (Prime Minister) to preside over the Cabinet a member of the House of Representative who in his judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House. If the Prime Minister ceases to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the House of Representatives, then, unless at his request the Yang di-Pertuan Agong dissolves Parliament, the Prime Minister shall tender the resignation of the Cabinet.
Source:	Constitution, art. 40a (2-a), 43: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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ES003

President

Question:	Does the country have a president?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Constitution, art. 32: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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ES004

Number of Chambers

Question:	The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer:	b. Two chambers
Comments:	The legislative authority of the Federation shall be vested in a Parliament, which shall consist of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (the Ruler) and two Majlis (Houses of Parliament) to be known as the Dewan Negara (Senate) and the Dewan Rakyat (Houses of Representatives).
Source:	Constitution, art. 44: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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ES005

Electoral System (Chamber 1)

Question:	What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):	a. Plurality (FPTP)
Comments:	The total number of constituencies shall be equal to the number of members, so that one member shall be elected for each constituency, and of that total in the States of Malaya a number of representatives shall be allocated to each State. The candidate for a constituency who obtains the greatest number of valid votes cast in that constituency shall be deemed to be the elected member of that constituency.
Source:	Constitution, art. 46, 116: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013); Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments, art. 13 (1): http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 1, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved for:: Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%) Women - proportion of total seats (%) Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%) Other- proportion of total seats (%) Not applicable x
Source: No Source
Verified: 2009/12/08

If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 2, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved:: Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%) x Women - proportion of total seats (%) Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%) Other - proportion of total seats (%) 100 Not applicable
Source: No Source
Verified: 2009/12/08

Legislative Framework

LF001

Status of Electoral Law

Question:	What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
Answer(s):	a. Part of Constitution b. Separate legislation d. Regulations or administrative rules
Comments:
Source:	Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013); Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments: http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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LF003

Electoral Law covers

Question:	The national electoral law covers:
Answer(s):	a. National elections b. Regional elections e. Other
Comments:	Parliamentary elections and State Legislative Assembly elections
Source:	Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments: http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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LF004

Compulsory/voluntary voting

Question:	Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
Answer(s):	a. Voting is voluntary
Comments:
Source:	Constitution, art. 119: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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LF007

Electoral Disputes Agency(ies)

Question:	What are the agency(ies) responsible for the first level of formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s):	a. Judiciary
Comments:	No election to the House of Representatives or to the Legislative Assembly of a State shall be called into question except by an election petition presented to the High Court having jurisdiction where the election was held.
Source:	Constitution, art. 118: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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Electoral Management

Please provide the following contact information for the national electoral management body:: Name of Institution: Electoral Commission Website Address: http://www.spr.gov.my
Source: No Source
Verified: 2009/11/05

EM002

Responsibility of national EMB

Question:	Does the national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
Answer(s):	a. National level b. Regional level
Comments:	The Election Commission shall conduct elections to the House of Representatives and the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
Source:	Constitution, art. 113 (1): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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EM004

EMB budget determined by

Question:	The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
Answer(s):	c. The legislature
Comments:	Parliament shall by law provide for the remuneration of members of the Election Commission, and the remuneration so provided shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund.
Source:	Constitution, art. 114 (5): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

EM005

EMB expenditures controlled by

Question:	The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
Answer(s):	e. Another organ within the national government
Comments:	The Auditor General
Source:	Constitution, art. 106 (2): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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EM006

Term of EMB members

Question:	The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
Answer:	d. Other
Comments:	A member of the Election Commission shall cease to hold office on attaining the age of sixty-five years or on becoming disqualified.
Source:	Constitution, art. 114 (3): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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According to official sources, what was the estimated overall cost (in US dollars if available) of the most recent national elections?: estimated total: USD 35 Million Exchange rate used
Source: No Source
Verified: 2009/11/05

What was the spending (in USD) per registered voter (NOT actual voters) or, where there was no voter roll, the estimated number of eligible voters at the last general elections?: USD/registered voter 3 Exchange rate used
Source: No Source
Verified: 2009/11/05

What are the approximate proportions (%) of total election expenditure for the last national elections devoted to the following?: Voter registration and preparation of voter lists Election Management Body administration Staff/Equipment/Supplies Security Official funding of parties and candidates Voter education Materials/systems for and operation of voting stations and ballot counts Challenges, dispute resolution and legal costs Polling operations Vote tabulation Other
Source: No Source
Verified: 2009/11/05

EM012

Electoral Management model

Question:	What is the Electoral Management model?
Answer:	b. Independent
Comments:
Source:	Constitution, art. 113 (1): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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EM013

Number of EMB members

Question:	The EMB is composed of:
Answer:	a. 1 - 10 members (specify)
Comments:	The Election Commission shall consist of a chairman, a deputy chairman and three other members.
Source:	Constitution, art. 114 (1): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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EM014

Membership based on

Question:	The EMB members/commissioners are selected on the basis of their:
Answer:	b. Expertise
Comments:
Source:	Constitution, art. 114 (2, 4): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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EM015

Question:	The EMB members/commissioners are selected by:
Answer(s):	a. Head of State i. Other
Comments:	The Election Commission shall be appointed by the Yang di- Pertuan Agong after consultation with the Conference of Rulers.
Source:	Constitution, art. 114 (1): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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Voter Education

VE001

Information campaigns performed by

Question:	Who conducts information campaigns for national elections (informing where, when and how to register and/or vote)?
Answer(s):	i. Media
Comments:
Source:	The Star Online Website: http://elections.thestar.com.my/newbies_guide.aspx (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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VE002

Frequency of voter education programs

Question:	At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
Answer:	d. No information available
Comments:
Source:	Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013); Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments: http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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VE003

National civic education

Question:	Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
Answer(s):	b. Yes, conducted by the National Electoral Management Body m. No information available
Comments:
Source:	Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013); Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments: http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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Voter Registration

VR001

Voting age

Question:	What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
Answer:	f. 21
Comments:
Source:	Constitution, art. 119 (1): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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VR002

Other voting requirements

Question:	Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
Answer(s):	a. Citizenship b. Period of Residence e. Other
Comments:	Every citizen who has attained the age of twenty-one years on the qualifying date and is a resident in a constituency on such qualifying date or, if not so resident, is an absent voter, is entitled to vote in that constituency in any election to the House of Representatives or the Legislative Assembly unless he/she is disqualified.
Source:	Constitution, art. 119 (1): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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VR004

Authority responsible for voter registration

Question:	Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
Answer:	d. Election Management Body (specify)
Comments:	The Election Commission shall exercise control and supervision over the conduct of elections and the registration of electors on the electoral rolls.
Source:	Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments, art. 5 (1), 8: http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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VR008

Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?

Question:	Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments: http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013); Registration of Electors Regulations 2002: http://myoverseasvote.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/elections-registration-of-electors-regulations-2002.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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Parties and Candidates

PC001

Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 1)

Question:	What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):	b. Deposit requirement (specify amount)
Comments:	The deposit for parliamentary seats is RM10,000 and for state seats, it is RM5,000. This amount is refunded if the candidate obtains more than 1/8 of the votes.
Source:	The Star Online Website: http://elections.thestar.com.my/ge_faq.aspx#2 (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

PC002

Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 2)

Question:	What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s):	g. No information available
Comments:
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2006/09/26

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PC003

Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 1)

Question:	What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):	a. Age b. Citizenship d. Residence
Comments:	Every citizen resident in the Federation of Malaysia is qualified to be a member of the House of Representatives, if he/she is not less than twenty-one years old.
Source:	Constitution, art. 47: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

PC004

Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 2)

Question:	What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s):	k. No information available
Comments:	k) Members of the Senate are appointed.
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2006/09/26

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PC008

Independent candidates

Question:	Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
Answer(s):	c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
Comments:
Source:	Constitution, art. 47: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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PC012

Public funding of parties

Question:	Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
Answer(s):	a. No
Comments:
Source:	Transparency International Malaysia: http://www.transparency.org.my/publications/Crinis.RPFM.Serialisation.JT.070311/English/PDF/Part%202.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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PC015

Question:	What is the basis of the public funding?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:	Transparency International Malaysia: http://www.transparency.org.my/publications/Crinis.RPFM.Serialisation.JT.070311/English/PDF/Part%202.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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PC017

Question:	Are political parties entitled to private funding?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:
Source:	Transparency International Malaysia: http://www.transparency.org.my/publications/Crinis.RPFM.Serialisation.JT.070311/English/PDF/Part%202.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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Vote Counting

VC001

Question:	What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):	d. Categorical (only one mark allowed) f. Same ballot papers used nationwide i. Party symbols in black and white l. No photos or logos, only party and/or candidate names o. Ballots signed or otherwise authenticated by polling station official
Comments:	l) The symbol of the party also allowed. o) Perforated.
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC002

Question:	What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s):	s. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC003

Question:	What are the characteristics of ballots used at presidential elections?
Answer(s):	s. Not Applicable
Comments:
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC004

Votes are sorted/counted at

Question:	Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
Answer:	a. The polling stations
Comments:	As per the preamble of the Elections Act: "polling station" means any room, structure, vehicle or vessel, at the place appointed, set apart and equipped for the purpose of polling and counting of votes
Source:	Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments, preamble and definition: http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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VC005

Question:	What procedures are used in the initial count?
Answer(s):	b. Preliminary count of all ballots in ballot box c. Tally of voters who voted d. Number of ballots in box reconciled against number of voters e. Number of ballots reconciled against ballots initially received (minus spoilt and unused) j. Sorted into piles according to individual party/candidate l. Counted by hand s. Copies of results are provided to party agents
Comments:	l) Witnessed by party/candidates' agents.
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC006

Question:	Following the sorting and counting, to where are the results first transmitted for consolidation?
Answer(s):	c. District level
Comments:	c) Results counted at polling stationare tallied at the official tallying centre in each constituency.
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC007

Question:	At what levels are seats allocated?
Answer(s):	a. Sub-district level
Comments:	a) State Constituencies. b) Parliamentary Constituencies.
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC008

Question:	How are the initial/preliminary polling results transmitted and communicated to the different levels?
Answer(s):	a. Physically transported
Comments:
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC009

Question:	If the polling results are physically transported, what is transported?
Answer(s):	a. Ballots b. Unused and spoiled ballots c. Counterfoils of used ballots d. Voter rolls g. Ballot boxes h. Other
Comments:	a/g) Ballots in the ballot boxes. b-d) In sealed envelopes. h) Statement of counting results at the polling station.
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC010

Question:	If the polling results are physically transported, what security measures are used?
Answer(s):	c. Signatures on sealed envelopes e. Accompanied by election officials f. Accompanied by party representatives h. Accompanied by police or other security personnel
Comments:	c) By election officials and party agents. e) Head of Polling Station. f) Party agents may not accompany the ballot boxes but in a different vehicle.
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC011

When are ballots recounted?

Question:	Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
Answer(s):	c. Automatically (triggered) recounted under certain conditions d. By request
Comments:	A candidate can request a recount of votes. The EC shall also do an automatic recount if the majority difference is less than 4%
Source:	The Star Online Website: http://elections.thestar.com.my/ge_faq.aspx#2 (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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VC012

Question:	If automatically recounted, what is the trigger?
Answer:	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC013

Question:	If ballots are recounted by request, who can make the request?
Answer(s):	b. An individual candidate f. Other
Comments:	At the polling centre. f) A candidate's agent.
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC014

Question:	If recounted, who conducts the recount?
Answer(s):	a. National Election Management body
Comments:	a) Election Commission Malaysia (ECM).
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC015

Question:	Are preliminary results announced?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC017

Question:	Is there a legal requirement for the declaration of the officially certified results?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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VC018

Question:	How long after the close of polls is the certified results publicly announced? (if there is no legal requirement enter the average time)
Answer:	a. hours:
Comments:	a) 2-4 hours.
Source:	Election Commission Malaysia (ECM)
Verified:	2009/11/04

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Media and Elections

ME002

Question:	Which of the following types of radio stations are present at a national level in your country?
Answer(s):	a. Publicly owned b. Government owned c. Privately owned
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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ME003

Question:	Which of the following types of television stations are present at a national level in your country?
Answer(s):	a. Publicly owned b. Government owned c. Privately owned d. Owned by political parties
Comments:	The dominant party of the ruling coalition, UMNO, and the opposition party PAS have started their own TV network which can be accessed through their website.
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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ME004

Question:	Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers are present at a national level in your country?
Answer(s):	a. Publicly owned b. Government owned c. Privately owned d. Owned by political parties
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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ME005

Question:	Which of the following do you believe best describes the print media situation at the national level in your country?
Answer:	a. Government newspaper holds a monopoly
Comments:	Most of the major print media are controlled by government political parties through equity participation. Most political parties however publish their own party newspapers.
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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ME006

Question:	What proportion of the population can receive transmissions of the national level programming of private radio stations?
Answer:	a. Over 60%
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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ME008

Question:	What proportion of the population can receive transmissions of the national level programming of private television stations?
Answer:	a. Over 60%
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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What laws, if any, guarantee freedom of access to public information for representatives of the media?: P
Source: Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified: 2012/08/08

What are the laws, if any, which govern the operations of the public broadcaster? Specify the date of the latest version (including latest amendments): P
Source: Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified: 2012/08/08

ME014

Question:	What proportion of the population can receive transmissions of the national level programming of the public television stations?
Answer:	a. Over 60%
Comments:	There is no problem in terms of transmission and telecommunication accessibility
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME015

Question:	What proportion of the population can receive transmissions of the national level programming of the national level programming of the public radio stations?
Answer:	a. Over 60 %
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/21

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ME016

Question:	In your opinion, upon which types of media at national level in your country do citizens most rely as a source of information? Mark the most important source with 1, and the second most important source with 2:
Answer(s):	a. Public radio b. Government radio c. Private radio d. Public television f. Private television g. Print media
Comments:	1 - a. 2 - d. 3 - g. 4 - c. 5 - f. 6 - b.
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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ME017

Question:	In your opinion, which of the following types of media in your country have a public reputation for being independent?
Answer(s):	e. Print media
Comments:	Most major political parties have their own party newspapers, including the opposition.
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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What are the laws, if any, that provide for the safeguards for editorial autonomy in relation to the public broadcaster(s)?: P
Source: Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified: 2012/08/08

What are the laws, if any, which govern the granting of broadcasting licenses/frequencies to private broadcasters?: P
Source: Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified: 2012/08/08

ME020

Question:	Who grants licenses/frequencies to private broadcasters?
Answer:	a. Government
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME021

Question:	Who is allowed to hold broadcasting licenses?
Answer(s):	a. Political parties b. Private companies c. Non governmental organisations d. Foreigners e. Government departments f. State owned companies
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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What are the legal conditions, if any, under which the activities of a media outlet may be suspended?: A
Source: Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified: 2012/08/08

ME023

Question:	Are any journalists currently imprisoned or facing criminal charges for exercising their profession?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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ME024

Question:	What legal instruments are used to regulate media coverage of elections?
Answer(s):	c. Voluntary agreement or self-regulation
Comments:	The EMB has a Code of Ethics which covers the responsibilities of the media.
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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ME025

Question:	Which of the following bodies or agencies has a responsibility in the regulation of media coverage of elections?
Answer(s):	h. EMB by custom and practise
Comments:	There is no provision in the election laws regulating or controlling the media during election. The media bodies are free to publish and even take sides which leads to all the mainstream media favoring the party in power.
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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ME026

Question:	What form does the responsibility, if any, of the EMB to regulate media coverage of elections take?
Answer(s):	a. Placing limits on what the media may report about an election b. Requiring balance in media news coverage of an election c. Placing limits on when the media may report about an election d. Other (specify)
Comments:	d) The media was asked to abide by the Code of Ethics drawn up by the EMB
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME027

Question:	Does the EMB monitor media coverage of elections?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

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ME028

Question:	What form does the authority, if any, of the EMB to enforce remedies or sanctions against the media in case of breach of the rules on media coverage of elections take?
Answer(s):	d. Not applicable
Comments:	The absence of proper legislation led to zero enforcement by EMB
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME029

Question:	Do political parties or candidates have a right to have their replies to inaccurate or misleading media coverage published promptly and free of charge?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME030

Question:	What is the legal liability of the media if they report unlawful statements by candidates during election campaigns (e.g. defamatory or inflammatory speeches)?
Answer(s):	c. Other (specify)
Comments:	c) Action may be taken by the relevant authority under the relevant laws
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME031

Question:	Have the media or journalists' organisations adopted a code of ethics specific to elections? Please send us a copy.
Answer:	b. No
Comments:	The Code of Ethics drawn up by the EMB is not legally binding ; therefore not seriously respected by the media.
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME032

Question:	If so, how well do you perceive this code of ethics to be respected?
Answer(s):	c. Seldom respected
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME034

Question:	Which of the following types of radio stations provide political parties with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):	d. Owned by political parties
Comments:	No media provide free broadcast time or printed advertisement space to political parties for national election campaigns
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME035

Question:	Which of the following types of television stations provide political parties with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):	d. Owned by political parties
Comments:	No media provide free broadcast time or printed advertisement space to political parties for national election campaigns
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME036

Question:	Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers provide political parties with free printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):	d. Owned by political parties
Comments:	No media provide free broadcast time or printed advertisement space to political parties for national election campaigns
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME037

Criteria for allocating free broadcast time

Question:	What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
Answer(s):	h. No information available
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2012/08/08

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

What, if any, is the maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?: Amount (Euros) The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising X
Source: International IDEA Political Finance Database http://www.idea.int/parties/finance/db/country_print.cfm?CountryCode=MY
Verified: 2012/08/08

ME039

Question:	Which of the following types of radio stations provide individual candidates (legislative) with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):	d. Owned by political parties
Comments:	No media provide free broadcast time or printed advertisement space for individual candidates during national election campaigns.
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME040

Question:	Which of the following types of television stations provide individual candidates (legislative) with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):	d. Owned by political parties
Comments:	No media provide free broadcast time or printed advertisement space for individual candidates during national election campaigns.
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME041

Question:	Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspaper provide individual candidates (legislative) with free printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):	d. Owned by political parties
Comments:	No media provide free broadcast time or printed advertisement space for individual candidates during national election campaigns.
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME042

Question:	What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to individual candidates (legislative)?
Answer(s):	h. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME046

Question:	What are the criteria for allocating paid broadcast time and/or paid printed advertisement space to individual candidates (legislative)?
Answer(s):	h. Other (specify)
Comments:	h) Depends entirely on owner of media
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME050

Question:	What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to presidential candidates?
Answer(s):	h. Not applicable
Comments:	Not applicable - no direct presidential elections.
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

What are the laws, if any, which govern the disclosure of campaign advertising expenditures by political parties and candidates?: ....... Elections Offences Act 1954 There are no laws in this regard
Source: Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified: 2012/08/08

What, if any, is the maximum amount that a media outlet can charge parties/candidates for advertising during the campaign?: ......... The law does not specify any limits X
Source: Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified: 2012/08/08

How does this maximum amount (identified in question C.15.1) affect the political participation of smaller or newly formed parties?: .......... None
Source: Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified: 2012/08/08

ME059

Television debates

Question:	Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
Answer(s):	d. No information available
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

What legal requirements, if any, regulate the participation of candidates or party representatives in media debates?: .........
Source: Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified: 2012/08/08

ME062

Blackout period for release of opinion poll results.

Question:	What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public?
Answer:	h. Not applicable
Comments:	Not applicable – no opinion polls
Source:	Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments: http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME063

Question:	Where, if at all, may exit polls be carried out?
Answer(s):	d. No exit polls conducted to date
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME064

Question:	If exit polls are permitted, when can the results be disseminated via the media?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME066

Question:	Are the media allowed to project/predict winners before the final results are available?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME067

Question:	What resources does the EMB have for its work with the media?
Answer(s):	e. Other (specify)
Comments:	e) Public Affairs Section and a Public Relations Officer
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME068

Question:	Have staff responsible for media relations received training for this work?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME069

Question:	Which of the following has the EMB produced or organised?
Answer(s):	a. Media packs/press kits b. Press releases c. Press conferences/briefings d. Pre-recorded radio or TV slots e. Web site
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME070

Question:	Has the EMB provided or facilitated training for journalists in how the electoral process works?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:	EMB conducts briefings on election procedures for the media
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME071

Question:	Which of the following types of radio stations, provide free broadcast time to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
Answer(s):	a. Publicly owned
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME072

Question:	Which of the following television stations provide free broadcast time to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
Answer(s):	a. Publicly owned
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME073

Question:	Which of the following daily and weekly newspapers provide free print space to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
Answer(s):	a. Publicly owned
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME074

Question:	Which of the following types of radio stations provide paid broadcast time to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
Answer(s):	e. None
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME075

Question:	Which of the following types of television stations provide paid broadcast time to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
Answer(s):	e. None
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME076

Question:	Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers provide paid broadcast time or print space to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
Answer(s):	e. None
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME077

Question:	What steps does the EMB take to make sure that it is communicating its message to the media?
Answer(s):	d. It monitors the media coverage of its own activities.
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME078

Question:	Which of the following do you judge to be significant barriers to the EMB in communicating its message to the media?
Answer(s):	a. Insufficient staff with responsibility for media relations
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME079

Question:	Overall, how effective do you judge the EMB's ability to communicate through the media during election campaigns to be?
Answer:	b. Quite effective
Comments:
Source:	Suhaila Norsham, Secretary of International Relation Committee, Election Commission of Malaysia
Verified:	2007/01/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

ME080

Question:	Is there a maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:	A parliamentary candidate can spend RM200,000 on campaigning. However, the law does not contain any specific provision with regard to paid advertising expenses.
Source:	Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments: http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013); The Star Online Website: http://elections.thestar.com.my/ge_faq.aspx#2 (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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Direct Democracy

DD002

Direct Democracy Provisions (National Level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD003

Mandatory referendums (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD004

Optional referendums (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD005

Citizens' Initiatives (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD006

Agenda Initiatives (national level)

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD007

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

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DD008

Question:	What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for mandatory referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

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DD009

Question:	What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for optional referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD010

Question:	What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for citizens' initiatives at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD100

Question:	What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for an agenda initiative?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD101

Question:	What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for a recall?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD102

Question:	What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a referendum?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD103

Question:	What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

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DD104

Question:	What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a recall?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD105

Question:	Who is responsible for checking the signatures?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

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DD106

Question:	Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a referendum?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD107

Question:	Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in an initiative?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD108

Question:	Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a recall?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD109

Question:	What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a referendum?
Answer(s):	i. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

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DD011

Question:	What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for agenda initiatives at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD110

Question:	What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for an initiative?
Answer(s):	i. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD111

Question:	What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a recall?
Answer(s):	i. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

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DD112

Question:	Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a referendum?
Answer(s):	h. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD113

Question:	Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in an initiative?
Answer(s):	h. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD114

Question:	Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a recall?
Answer(s):	h. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD115

Question:	What is the period during which these controls apply for a referendum?
Answer:	c. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

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DD116

Question:	What is the period during which these controls apply for an initiative?
Answer:	c. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD117

Question:	What is the period during which these controls apply for a recall?
Answer:	c. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD118

Question:	Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a referendum? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD119

Question:	Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for an initiative? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD012

Question:	What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for recalls at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD120

Question:	Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a recall? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD121

Question:	Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a referendum? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD122

Question:	Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for an initiative? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD123

Question:	Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a recall? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

If free media access is provided, what are the criteria for allocating broadcast time / printing space?: Not applicable X
Source: No Source
Verified: 2013/03/21

What restrictions or controls, if any, are there on media coverage of the campaign and/or issue during the relevant period?
Source: No Source
Verified: 2013/03/21

When were direct democracy mechanisms first introduced into the legal framework at the national level? Date (yyyy): Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
Source: No Source
Verified: 2013/03/21

When was an administrative framework for direct democracy mechanisms first introduced at the national level? Date (yyyy): Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
Source: No Source
Verified: 2013/03/21

DD015

Question:	Who is responsible for managing the administration of direct democracy mechanisms at the national level?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD016

Question:	Does this agency/department also manage the administration of national elections?
Answer:	c. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD017

Question:	Are mandatory referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD018

Question:	Are optional referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD019

Question:	Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD020

Question:	Are agenda initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD021

Question:	Are recalls currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD022

Question:	Are mandatory referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD023

Question:	Are optional referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD024

Question:	Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD025

Question:	Are agenda initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD026

Question:	Are recalls currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD027

Question:	What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are mandatory at the national level?
Answer(s):	l. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD028

Question:	What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are optional at the national level?
Answer(s):	l. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD029

Question:	Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level?
Answer(s):	l. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD030

Question:	Which issues, if any, maybe the subject of sub-national referendums regulated at the national level?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD031

Question:	Who can initiate a referendum at the national level?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD032

Question:	Who is responsible for drafting the mandatory referendum question?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD033

Question:	Who is responsible for drafting the optional referendum question?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD034

Question:	Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the mandatory referendum question?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD035

Question:	Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the optional referendum question?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD036

Question:	Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for mandatory referendums?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD037

Question:	Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for optional referendums?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a mandatory referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.: Turnout quorum Approval quorum No quorum required Not applicable X
Source: No Source
Verified: 2013/03/21

What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a optional referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.: Turnout quorum Approval quorum No quorom required Not applicable X
Source: No Source
Verified: 2013/03/21

DD040

Question:	What are the requirements for mandatory referendums to pass?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD041

Question:	What are the requirements for optional referendums to pass?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD042

Question:	In which areas, if any, do regulatory provisions differ between a referendum and a national election? Tick all that apply and specify below in the comments section.
Answer(s):	h. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD043

Question:	When is the outcome of a mandatory referendum binding?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD044

Question:	When is the outcome of an optional referendum binding?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD045

Question:	Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the citizens' initiative process at the national level?
Answer(s):	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD046

Question:	Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the agenda initiative process at the national level?
Answer(s):	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD047

Question:	Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of a citizens' initiative at the national level?
Answer(s):	l. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD048

Question:	Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of an agenda initiative at the national level?
Answer(s):	l. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD049

Question:	Who may propose the registration of a citizens' initiative? Please specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD050

Question:	Who may propose the registration of an agenda initiative? Please specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD051

Question:	What material is necessary to accompany an application for registration?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD052

Question:	Who determines the title of a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD053

Question:	Who determines the title of an agenda initiative?
Answer:	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD054

Question:	Which, if any, of the following disqualify a proposed title of an initiative?
Answer(s):	h. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD055

Question:	Which services are provided by the agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms before an initiative can be published?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD056

Question:	Under what circumstances is an initiative checked for constitutionality or legality?
Answer(s):	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD058

Question:	If a check of the constitutionality or legality of an initiative takes place, when does this happen?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD059

Question:	Which institutions, if any, are given an opportunity to propose an alternative to proposals contained in a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD060

Question:	At which stage in the initiative process, if at all, can alternative proposals be made?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD061

Question:	What happens when there is a valid alternative proposal?
Answer:	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD062

Question:	When an initiative proposal and an alternative proposal are put to the vote on the same day, what choices does the voter have?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD063

Question:	Who decides the final ballot text?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD064

Question:	Once an initiative is qualified for the ballot, the vote on it takes place:
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD065

Question:	Which of the following individuals/positions may be subject to the recall mechanism?
Answer(s):	k. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD066

Question:	What are the grounds upon which a recall may be launched?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD068

Question:	If a recall qualifies for the ballot, when is it put to the vote?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD069

Question:	When does the election to replace an individual who has been recalled take place?
Answer:	c. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD071

Question:	Can an individual who is the subject of a recall stand on the ballot for his/her own replacement?
Answer:	c. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an abrogative referendum (optional)? Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.: Fixed number Proportion of the electorate Proportion of the vote at the most recent election Other (specify) Not applicable X
Source: No Source
Verified: 2013/03/21

How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a rejective referendum (optional)? Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.: Fixed number Proportion of the electorate Proportion of the vote at the most recent election Other (specify) Not applicable X
Source: No Source
Verified: 2013/03/21

How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a citizens' initiative? Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.: Fixed number Proportion of the electorate Proportion of the vote at the most recent election Other (specify) Not applicable X
Source: No Source
Verified: 2013/03/21

How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an agenda initiative? Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.: Fixed number Proportion of the electorate Proportion of the vote at the most recent election Other (specify) Not applicable X
Source: No Source
Verified: 2013/03/21

DD076

Question:	What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional) has been published?
Answer:	c. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD077

Question:	What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for a rejective referendum (optional) has been published?
Answer:	c. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD078

Question:	What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for a citizens' initiative has been published?
Answer:	c. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD079

Question:	What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for an agenda initiative has been published?
Answer:	c. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD080

Question:	What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD081

Question:	What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD082

Question:	What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD083

Question:	What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for an agenda initiative?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a recall? Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.: Fixed number Proportion of the electorate Proportion of the vote at the most recent election Other (specify) Not applicable X
Source: No Source
Verified: 2013/03/21

DD085

Question:	What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for recall has been published?
Answer:	c. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD086

Question:	What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a recall?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD087

Question:	Where can proposals for an abrogative referendum (optional) be signed?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD088

Question:	Where can proposals for a rejective referendum (optional) be signed?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD089

Question:	Where can proposals for a citizens' initiative be signed?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD090

Question:	Where can proposals for an agenda initiative be signed?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD091

Question:	Where can proposals for a recall be signed?
Answer(s):	g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD092

Question:	What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD093

Question:	What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD094

Question:	What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD095

Question:	What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for an agenda initiative?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD096

Question:	What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a recall?
Answer(s):	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD097

Question:	What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD098

Question:	What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD099

Question:	What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):	f. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified:	2007/01/07

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD129

Question:	Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?
Answer:	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:	Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD130

Question:	Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues?
Answer:	e. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:	Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

DD131

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)?
Answer:	d. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:	Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

Voting Operations

VO003

Electors vote at

Question:	Where can electors vote?
Answer(s):	a. At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections
Comments:
Source:	Constitution, art. 119 (1): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

VO004

Voting outside the country is permitted for

Question:	Who can vote from outside the country?
Answer(s):	d. Members of the armed forces e. Students f. Diplomatic staff
Comments:	e) Students and their spouses studying abroad. g) Government Officials and their spouses working abroad.
Source:	Official Press Release of the Election Commission: http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=el&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ms&tl=en&u=http://www.spr.gov.my/images/stories/pdf/KENYATAAN_PTH.pdf&usg=ALkJrhh8XCuSjKGUdaGi-1-rqmPuDhXIwQ (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

VO005

Locations for voting outside of the country

Question:	If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
Answer(s):	e. By mail
Comments:	Postal voting - voters can send back ballot papers by mail
Source:	Official Press Release of the Election Commission: http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=el&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ms&tl=en&u=http://www.spr.gov.my/images/stories/pdf/KENYATAAN_PTH.pdf&usg=ALkJrhh8XCuSjKGUdaGi-1-rqmPuDhXIwQ (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?: Yes, the maximum capacity is: 3,800 No
Source: No Source
Verified: 2009/07/05

VO011

Voting method

Question:	How do electors cast their votes?
Answer(s):	a. Manually marking of ballots
Comments:
Source:	Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments, art. 13 (2): http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013)
Verified:	2013/03/21

(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)

How many staff are assigned to each polling station?: The smallest polling station:
Source: No Source
Verified: 2009/07/05

Personal tools

ELECTORAL FRAMEWORK

ELECTORAL PARTICIPATION

ELECTORAL MANAGEMENT

ELECTORAL INTEGRITY

ELECTORAL OPERATIONS

Malaysia

Boundary Delimitation

Delimitation of constituencies

Criteria for drawing boundaries

Body responsible for drawing boundaries

Electoral Systems

Head of State

Head of Government

President

Number of Chambers

Electoral System (Chamber 1)

Legislative Framework

Status of Electoral Law

Electoral Law covers

Compulsory/voluntary voting

Electoral Disputes Agency(ies)

Electoral Management

Responsibility of national EMB

EMB budget determined by

EMB expenditures controlled by

Term of EMB members

Electoral Management model

Number of EMB members

Membership based on

Voter Education

Information campaigns performed by

Frequency of voter education programs

National civic education

Voter Registration

Voting age

Other voting requirements

Authority responsible for voter registration

Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?

Parties and Candidates

Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 1)

Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 2)

Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 1)

Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 2)

Independent candidates

Public funding of parties

Vote Counting

Votes are sorted/counted at

When are ballots recounted?

Media and Elections

Criteria for allocating free broadcast time

Television debates

Blackout period for release of opinion poll results.

Direct Democracy

Direct Democracy Provisions (National Level)

Mandatory referendums (national level)

Optional referendums (national level)

Citizens' Initiatives (national level)

Agenda Initiatives (national level)